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10 of the Best Yacht Designers: A Complete Overview of the Artistry and Precision on the Seas

The beauty of the sea meets art and design in yachts. For centuries, designers have been creating sophisticated boats finely crafted to sail with grace while delighting those who view them from above. Whether interested in investing in a custom-made yacht or simply admiring the latest creations on the market, these 10 yacht designers offer some of the world’s best designs available today. With years of experience and an eye for detail, they bring technical know-how alongside a touch of elegance to captivate even the most discerning maritime admirers. Offering precision craftsmanship that rivals many traditional French luxury designer brands combined with contemporary ingenuity, there is something remarkable about each designer recognized here as one of “the best” when it comes to modern yacht excellence.

What is Yacht Design and Who are the Top Yacht Designers?

Yacht design is the creative process of designing the look, style and construction of a vessel that will be used for recreational purposes. Professional yacht designers are experienced professionals who are knowledgeable in naval architecture, engineering, interior design and art. They understand the needs of their clients and work to create vessels that meet these needs as well as providing aesthetic appeal and luxurious features. The top yacht designers have an impressive array of credentials and experience in the field, giving them the expertise to create some truly unique designs. Their creations range from small day cruisers to large superyachts, often custom-made for their clients’ exact specifications. These designers use their knowledge and skill to make sure that each boat is comfortable, safe and stylish—an impressive feat considering how much variety there is in yacht designs.

Andrew Winch – A Celebrated Yacht Designer Crafting Magnificent Customs Vessels

Andrew Winch is one of the most legendary superyacht designers in the industry. For more than 30 years, his designs have helped to redefine the luxury yacht market and have set many new standards for comfort and style. His portfolio features some of the most stunning and iconic vessels on the water today, ranging from small pleasure boats to megayachts that are a hundred meters or longer. His emphasis on creating a unique atmosphere onboard, with both attention to detail and remarkable use of space, has made him one of the most sought-after designers in the business. Andrew Winch’s designs have earned him numerous awards and recognition, including being named as one of The Sunday Times’ Top 100 Designers, as well as receiving an honorary doctorate from Southampton Solent University for his outstanding contribution to yacht design.

Bill Tripp: An Award-Winning Sailing Yacht Designer

Bill Tripp is an award-winning sailing yacht designer who has designed some of the most iconic vessels in history. He is renowned for his innovative and modern designs, which have been featured in countless magazines and documentaries. Among his most famous designs are the sailboats ‘Valiant 40’, ‘Swan 50’ and ‘ Swan 48′ . Each design represents a unique combination of practicality and beauty, showcasing Bill’s passion for pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved in yacht design. His work has been honored with many awards, including the prestigious Cruising World Magazine Boat of The Year accolade for his Valiant 40 vessel in 1979.

Vitters – Sharlou, previously named sarissa designed by Bill Tripp

The yacht Sharlou , previously named Sarissa, is a spectacular sailing vessel designed by renowned yacht designer Bill Tripp. Built in 2011 by the Dutch shipyard Vitters, this superyacht boasts an impressive 87-meter length and luxurious amenities such as a cinema room and jacuzzi. The interior of the boat was designed to be light and airy with plenty of natural light and sleek furnishings. On deck, there are two large decks for entertaining along with a swimming pool and sunbathing area. Another highlight on board is the glass viewing platform located at the aft of the main deck which offers stunning views of the open ocean. Sharlou is definitely one of the most impressive boats out there and perfect for those looking for a luxurious sailing experience.

Giovanni Zuccon: One of the Ferretti’s Favorite Yacht Designers

Giovanni Zuccon is an award-winning yacht designer who has designed some of the most prestigious yachts for the Ferretti group . Zuccon has a passion for creating beautiful and innovative designs and his prolific portfolio includes his impressive 71m motor yacht, “ Vertigo ”. This superyacht has won numerous awards including “Most Innovative Yacht Design” at the Cannes Boat Show in 2018 and is widely regarded as one of the most luxurious yachts ever built. In addition to “Vertigo”, Zuccon has also designed many other stunning yachts such as “Sunrise”, “Cloud Nine” and “Eden” amongst others. All of these remarkable vessels have garnered praise from industry professionals and illustrate Giovanni Zuccon’s creative genius.

Remi Tessier: The French Excellence for Yacht Refits

Remi Tessier is an acclaimed French luxury yacht refitting specialist, who has been praised for his work in the industry for decades. He provides full-service refits and customizations, from complete vessel overhauls to specific design touches. His work includes adding new systems and technology, remodeling interiors, and customizing exterior details. He works closely with experienced craftsmen and artisans to ensure that every detail is crafted with the highest standards of excellence. With Remi Tessier’s expertise and commitment to quality, he has created some of the most exquisite yachts and vessels in the world.

Read also: YACHT INSURANCE: THE DEFINITIVE OWNER’S GUIDE

Ed Dubois: A Yacht Designer That Won’t Be Forgotten

Ed Dubois was a renowned yacht designer who was renowned for his stunning designs. He spent over 40 years designing sailing yachts, motorboats, and luxury modern vessels from his base in Lymington, England. His designs have become iconic, inspiring the creation of some of the most beautiful boats ever built. Dubois drew upon a range of influences to create vessels that were innovative yet timeless. His designs are instantly recognizable due to their distinctive hull shapes and sleek lines that combine comfort with performance. As well as creating yachts for private clients, Ed Dubois also designed several high-profile racing yachts including two successful Whitbread Round the World Race entries and several America’s Cup challengers. His passion for design has seen many of his creations become sought-after collectors items, with some achieving classic status. It is clear that Ed Dubois will not be forgotten anytime soon – he has left an indelible mark on the world of yacht design.

Philippe Briand: Another French Great Yacht Designer

Philippe Briand is one of the most influential French yacht designers in history. He has designed some of the most iconic and luxurious yachts of our time, including the Racing 80 , a sleek and fast racing yacht; the Majesty yachts, which are incredibly stylish modern vessels; and the innovative Outremer catamarans . Philippe Briand is also credited with designing some of the world’s first large luxury sailing yachts, such as Amevi and L’Etendard. His designs have been highly praised for their beautiful lines, innovative features, and performance-oriented design. As a result, Philippe Briand’s designs are highly sought after by those looking for quality craftsmanship and style in their yacht.

Terence Disdale: A Popular Designer Among the Longest Mega Yachts

Terence Disdale has established himself as one of the most well-known and respected names in the yacht design industry. With more than two decades of experience, his experience and expertise have proven invaluable to the many clients who have sought out his services. His portfolio includes some of the world’s longest and most luxurious mega yachts, including those designed for royalty, celebrities and heads of state.

Disdale’s designs combine a beautiful blend of classic styling with modern amenities. Striking lines, sophisticated details and exquisite materials are all signature elements that can be seen in each yacht he creates. He is particularly known for his unique interior designs, which often include custom furniture, unique fabrics and sumptuous materials. In addition to creating stunning interiors, Disdale also pays close attention to the exterior design of his vessels – ensuring that they are both highly functional and aesthetically pleasing.

The success of Terence Disdale can be attributed to a combination of talent, hard work and an eye for detail. He takes great care to understand his clients’ needs before beginning any project – ensuring that each vessel is tailored to their individual tastes and preferences. His team works closely with shipyards around the world – from Italy to Australia – in order to ensure that every project is completed on time and within budget. The end result is often nothing short of breathtaking – luxurious yet functional vessels that stand apart from their peers.

Read also: CAN OWNING A YACHT TO CHARTER (REALLY) BE PROFITABLE?

Espen Øino: an iconic Norwegian yacht designer based in Monaco

Espen Øino is a Norwegian yacht designer who has been making a name for himself in the luxury yachting world. His portfolio of projects includes some of the most impressive floating structures ever put to sea, ranging from superyacht concepts to custom builds for super wealthy clients. His designs are characterized by their sleek lines and advanced technology, often including hybrid power systems, state-of-the-art safety systems and innovative on-board amenities. He is also known for his use of shape and space to create an atmosphere that perfectly fits the demands of the owner. As one of Norway’s leading yacht designers, Espen Øino has become synonymous with modern design and cutting-edge engineering, which makes him a popular choice among those looking for a truly exclusive boat experience.

Jacques Pierrejean: a designer with some outstanding yachts to its name

Jacques Pierrejean is a renowned yacht designer who has created some of the most beautiful and impressive vessels ever seen. His designs have won numerous awards, including the coveted “ Best Yacht Design ” at the Monaco Boat Show in 2015. With an extensive portfolio that includes superyachts, luxury sailing yachts and commercial vessels, he is one of the top designers in his field. His designs are characterized by their sleek lines, luxurious interiors and innovative technology – all combining to create stunning works of art on water. Jacques Pierrejean’s attention to detail ensures that each vessel he creates meets its owner’s exact specifications while also providing an elegant aesthetic appeal. From classic motorboats to modern megayachts, his creations are truly remarkable examples of craftsmanship and design excellence.

Read also: IS BUYING A BOAT A BAD IDEA?

Peder Eidsgaard: a famous yacht and private aircraft designer 

Peder Eidsgaard is one of the world’s leading yacht and private aircraft designers, renowned for his signature style that blends form with function. With over two decades of experience in the industry, Peder has become a household name among luxury boat and plane owners. His portfolio includes some of the most iconic vessels ever created, from superyachts to custom-built planes – all characterized by their beautiful lines and cutting-edge technology. Whether it’s building yachts for royalty or creating bespoke interiors for private jets, Peder Eidsgaard is an icon in the field of luxury design.

Overall, it can be concluded that the top yacht designers in the world come from different countries and backgrounds. Each designer has crafted some of the finest superyachts and sailing yachts ever designed, making them true legends of the craft. Yacht designs are as diverse as their designers, but all have a common touch of excellence in their design – each one is unique and special in its own way. To get to know more about these legendary yacht designers and learn more about their remarkable designs, visit our website here where you will find interesting articles on some of the most prestigious yacht designers around the world.

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Are these the 8 most beautiful classic sailing yachts of all time?

Moonbeam of fife iii, 1903.

The 30 metre, gaff cutter Moonbeam of Fife III epitomises beautiful classic yachts at their finest. Launched in 1903, Moonbeam of Fife is still going strong on the classic yacht regatta circuit despite being more than a hundred years old. The William Fife-designed yacht is constructed in wood with an oak hull and superstructure, while her interior joinery is well-kept mahogany. The historical yacht Moonbeam of Fife III is currently for sale .

Tuiga, 1909

Built by the renowned William Fife shipyard in Fairlie on the Clyde estuary in Scotland, Tuiga was commissioned by the Duke of Medinaceli, a close friend of the King of Spain, Alfonso XIII, and has had 10 owners in 106 years. HSH Prince Albert II decided to buy her in 1995.  Tuiga  has been participating in classic yacht regattas ever since and is now the flagship of the Yacht Club de Monaco, crewed by YCM members.

Mariette, 1915

The classic 42 metre twin-masted schooner _ Mariette of 1915  _was built by Herreshoff in the United States 100 years ago. Age has not withered her, but  Mariette of 1915  has undergone a few refits in the Pendennis yard at Falmouth in recent years: in 2010 and again in 2012 in preparation for the Pendennis Cup, in which she took first prize in the St Petroc Traditional Class as well as being crowned overall winner. In 2014 she returned to Falmouth once more for minor works.

Creole, 1927

Now owned by the Gucci family, this beautiful wooden schooner has had a colourful history. Commissioned by wealthy American Alan Cochran and launched in 1927,  Creole  has had a number of different owners and also been called Vira. When she was known as  Magic Circle , she was transformed into a minesweeper during the Second World War, having previously competed in a number of regattas and attended previous America’s Cup events. In the 1970s she was used by the Danish government for sailing training in the rehabilitation of drug addicts before being bought by the Gucci family in 1983.

Endeavour, 1934

Arguably the world’s most famous J Class,  Endeavour  was the British challenger in the 1934 America’s Cup , but was beaten by the Harold Vanderbilt-owned Rainbow . Endeavour was commissioned by Sir T.O.M. Sopwith, who was keen to ensure that this yacht was the most advanced design possible. With his experience designing aircraft, Sopwith applied aviation technology to Endeavour ’s rig and winches and spared nothing to make her the finest vessel of her day.

She swept through the British racing fleet and into the hearts of yachtsmen around the world, winning many races in her first season. Though she did not win the America's Cup she came closer to doing so than any other challenger.

Since 1934, she has often led a perilous existence, even being sold to a scrap merchant in 1947 only to be saved by another buyer hours before her demolition was due to begin. In 1984, American yachtswoman Elizabeth Meyer bought Endeavour and she was transformed and rebuilt by Royal Huisman. Endeavour sailed again on June 22, 1989, for the first time in 52 years. J Class yacht  Endeavour  is now for sale .

Elena, 1910

In 1910, Morton Plant commissioned 55 metre  Elena to be designed by American naval architect Nathanael Herreshoff, the so-called “Wizard of Bristol”, who made his name designing sailing yachts for America’s elite. Plant's brief was to the point: he wanted a schooner “that can win”.

Herreshoff gave Elena a slightly deeper keel than preceding designs of that time, lowering her centre of ballast, which improved her windward ability. Elena won most of her early races against the cream of the American schooner fleet and in 1928 came her crowning glory, victory in the Transatlantic Race. In 2009, she was rebuilt using the original plans for the first Elena.

Black Swan, 1899

Originally designed by Charles Nicholson and built in 1899 at Camper and Nicholson in Gosport, England, Black Swan started life as Brynhild with a yawl rig. She won a number of races at the beginning of the 20th century, including the King’s Cup. Over the years, she has undergone several changes and different rig configurations, and at one stage she was renamed Changrilla . She was rechristened Black Swan in the 1960s and, today, after an extensive restoration project at the Beconcini yard in La Spezia, Italy, she is now carrying a gaff-rig, designed by the Faggioni Yacht Design Studio and built by Harry Spencer.

Mariquita, 1911

Another beautiful classic yacht from Fife, Mariquita was launched in 1911. The 38.16 metre sailing yacht was designed and built for the industrialist Arthur Stothert. As part of the 19 metre Big Class racing that re-emerged in 1911, this gaff-rigged cutter is said to have inspired the J Class yachts that came after her.

She raced competitively against her brethren from 1911-1913, but by the 1950s, Mariquita was the last in the 19 metre class remaining. She was restored in 1991 and received a further refit in 2004. A star on the classic yacht racing scene, Mariquita is now for sale .

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• Jun 20, 2022
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The Top 20 Superyacht Designers: Find the Right Designer for You

If you're in the market for a superyacht, the most important decision you'll make is finding the right designer to work with, this decision will have a drastic impact on the final design of your yacht. With so many talented designers out there, it can be tough to decide who is the best fit for your project. In this article, we will take a look at the top 20 superyacht designers working today at the cutting edge of yacht design.

To help you make an informed decision we'll discuss their areas of specialism, what makes them unique and what kind of yacht owner they are best suited to . By the end of this article, you should have a good idea of which superyacht designer is right for your next project.

1. Artelier Art Consultancy

Location: United Kingdom & International

Years in the Industry: 15 years

Notable Projects: Art Selection for M/Y Serene, M/Y Zen, M/Y Dilbar, M/Y Plvs Vltra, M/Y Neninka

Specialised: Art collection for superyachts

Website: https://www.artelier.com/art-consultant-yachts

Here at Artelier we are an art consultancy specialising in the placement of art onboard superyachts. As a leading yacht art consultant, Artelier provides complete art collections & bespoke commissioning services for superyachts working either with the design team or directly with the owner.

Each artwork collection is carefully designed to reflect the interiors of the ship as well as the owner's taste and style you can discover more about our offerings here. Having worked closely with many superyacht designers over the years we have put together this comprehensive list of our top 20 superyacht designers working today.

2. Bannenberg and Rowell

Location: London, UK

Years in the Industry: 60+ years

Notable Projects: 65-metre Heesen Galactica Star, Feadship Predator, 85 metre Lürssen Pacific

Specialised: Yacht interiors and exteriors

Recognition: 5 World Superyacht Awards & Jon Bannenberg's Legacy

Website: www.bannenbergandrowell.com

Bannenberg & Rowell is the direct descendant of the convention-breaking studio established by Jon Bannenberg – the universally acknowledged father of modern yacht design – in the early 1960s. Dickie Bannenberg and Simon Rowell continue the vision of the founder, and lead the design team in new directions : working with all the major shipyards; designing residences for private clients and real estate developers; collaborating with furniture designers and developing other creative partnerships.

© Image Copyright Bannenberg & Rowell

3. Feadship

Location: The Netherlands

Years in the Industry: Founded in 1849

Notable Projects: 85-meter Ecstasea , 110.5 meter Anna, 78.2 meters Venus (Commissioned by Steve Jobs), 83.5 meters Savannah

Specialised: Ship build, design & exteriors

Recognition: The only superyacht builder with a Royal warrant from His Majesty King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands.

Website: www.feadship.nl

Based in the Netherlands and with roots dating back to 1849, Feadship is recognised as the world leader in the field of pure custom superyachts. Because every new Feadship is the best we ever built, all boats in our fleet set a new standard in terms of craftsmanship, design, engineering and construction. It's what we like to call the relentless pursuit of perfection .

© Image Copyright Feadship

4. Winch Design

Location: London

Years in the Industry: 30+ years

Notable Projects: 133 metre Al Mirqab, 90.2 metre Phoenix 2, 87 meter Ace, 99 metre Madame Gu and 62 metre Sea Owl, 88.5 metre Cloud 9

Specialisation: Interior & Exterior Design

Recognition: 6 World Superyacht Awards, 19 Showboats Design Awards,

Website: www.winchdesign.com

Winch Design's yacht and aviation team is a studio of 50 consisting of yacht designers, naval architects, interior designers and procurement specialists - all working together to design and deliver exquisite sea and air based projects for private individuals from all corners of the globe.

Trusted by their clients to design and deliver the most complex and challenging bespoke yacht and aviation projects, often against relentlessly tight deadlines. Their strength is a collaborative team spirit, continuous learning, a passion for excellence while having some fun along the way.

© Image Copyright Winch Design

5. Tillberg Design of Sweden

Location: Hoganas, Sweden, Poland, Miami & Singapore

Years in the Industry: 50+ years

Notable Projects: 222 metres Somnio Yacht (master planning & interiors concept), 120 metres Desert Pearl, Ritz Carlton Yacht Collection

Specialisation: Naval Architecture & Exterior Design

Recognition: 3 x Gazelle Award for Fastest Growing Company in Sweden

Website: https://www.tillbergdesign.com/

Tillberg Design of Sweden (TDoS) has long been one of the major players in yacht and cruise line design, since founder Robert Tillberg made the ocean and cruise liner Kungsholm a showcase of bespoke Scandinavian style in 1964. Today, TDoS specialises in design concepts for cruise ships and yachts – through its TDoS Yacht division – while also providing graphic design and branding for a variety of clientele. Lightness and luminosity of spaces is a hallmark of the TDoS philosophy, with every project encompassing a purposeful design that is firmly grounded in history, environmental sustainability, and a future-proof timelessness.

© Image Copyright Tillberg Design

6. Nauta Yachts

Location: Milan, Italy

Years in the Industry: 50 years

Notable Projects: M/Y Azzam (the world's largest superyacht), M/Y Eclipse, S/Y Serene, M/Y Dilbar

Specialisation: Exterior & Interior Design

Recognition: 40+ awards from superyacht and boating competitions.

Website: www.nautadesign.com

Born in 1985 and acting initially as a yard, Nauta Yachts presented a style and an idea to the market which proved instantly successful, as they designed and built semi-custom sailing yachts, that were both innovative and soberly elegant.

Since 1994, they turned from production into design and brokerage, focusing on the production (general arrangement, interiors and exterior styling) of custom sailing and power yachts.

Nauta Yachts believe that there is no such thing as a universal concept of what an ideal boat should be. Everyone has their own opinion. And whatever your opinion, Nauta Yachts can turn your vision into a yacht of remarkable and unmistakable character. 

© Image Copyright Nauta Design

7. Rémi Tessier

Location: Paris, France

Years in the Industry: 20+ years

Notable Projects: 97 metres M/Y Vava II, 49 metres Satori, 55 metres Kahalani, 49 metres Zefira

Specialisation: Yacht Interiors & Furniture

Recognition: Over 12 International Awards

Website: https://www.remi-tessier.com/

Rémi Tessier is one of the world's most celebrated yacht interior designers, known for his sophisticated and timeless designs. His approach is founded in simplicity, where function determines form. Each interior project is tailored to his clients, while conveying his signature style of peaceful elegance. Rémi believes that luxury and refinement should be sensed rather than ostentatiously forced. As such, exceptional quality and impeccable detail are the cornerstones of his design philosophy.

Rémi's studio is based in Paris and is home to an international team of designers, though he personally oversees every millimetre of each scheme. He has designed interiors for private residences, yachts, private jets, and bespoke furniture collections.

© Image Copyright Remi Tessier

8. Francis Design

Years in the Industry: 40+ years

Notable Projects: 124 metres Golden Odyssey, 74.5 metre Zeus, 59.2 metre Senses

Specialisation: Superyacht Interiors & Exteriors

Website: www.francisdesign.com

Martin Francis is one of the world's foremost designers with decades of experience working on some of the most iconic yachts on the water. He has designed yachts since 1980, starting with large sailing boats he is the creative design force behind the iconic yachts Zeus and Senses.

© Image Copyright Francis Design

9. Reymond Langton

Location: Bath, UK

Notable Projects: 80 metres M/Y Artefact, 93 metres M/Y Lady S, 56 metres M/Y Galvas, 109 metres

Specialisation: Yacht Interiors & Exteriors

Recognition: Best Interior Design, Boat International

Website: www.reymondlangtondesign.com

Established in 2001 by the talented design duo of Pascale Reymond and Andrew Langton, both of whom already had over a decade’s experience in the superyacht industry, they are committed to creating designs that are as beautiful as they are functional.

The focus is on exceeding their client's expectations, with projects being delivered on time and on budget. In 2002, Jason Macaree joined the team as a director. Coming from different creative backgrounds – Pascale gained a Master’s degree in Art History from La Sorbonne, Paris before moving to London to study Interior Design while Andrew and Jason graduated with a BA (Hons) in Transport Design – the team’s individual blend of skills and professional expertise are complementary, resulting in a remarkable and much sought after design team delivering unquestionable quality with superb attention to detail.

© Image Copyright Raymond Langton

10. H2 Yacht Design

Years in the Industry: 28 years

Notable Projects: 85 metres Victorious, 80 metres Tatiana, 75 metres Arrow

Specialisation: Yacht Refits, interiors & Exteriors

Recognition: World Superyacht Awards Nomination

Website: https://www.h2yachtdesign.com/

Jonny Horsfield established the H2 design studio in London in 1994. In the early years of the business they worked almost exclusively on yacht refit projects which gave them a broad experience of working to strict time frames in different design styles with varying budgets. During this period H2 built an enviable reputation amongst the yacht community for being the refit design experts.

They are a design company that is here to serve their customers and, as such, H2 prides itself in not having a “house style” that is replicated for each client. Instead their portfolio is wonderfully diverse, enabling them to work in any style the client prefers. This is both stimulating for them as designers and comforting for their customers.

© Image Copyright H2 Yacht Design

11. De Basto Designs

Location: Miami, Florida, USA

Years in the Industry: 20 years

Notable Projects: 90 metres Dar, 53 metres Tala, Nautilus

Recognition: Award Winning Studio

Website: www.luizdebasto.com

The studio specializes exclusively in the design of luxury yachts, custom and production boats, residential and unique commercial vessels. From the preliminary concept to the space planning, styling, and interior design, creativity and excellence are the main considerations, always with a constant awareness of function.

"Our approach is one that delves deep into the client’s mindset in order to understand exactly what they want – and then exceed those expectations. To have them recognized and awarded give us much pride."

© Image Copyright De Basto Design

12. Terence Disdale Yacht Design

Location: Surrey, United Kingdom

Notable Projects: 162. metres Eclipse, 160 metres Project Blue , 139.29 metres Al Salamah

Recognition: 40+ prestigious international awards

Website: http://www.terencedisdale.co.u

Terence Disdale is an award-winning design studio that is responsible for the interior and exterior design of some of the world's most significant yachts. Based in the UK, the studio is renowned for its refreshingly casual yet chic designs. The team of 15 operates under the direction of Terence Disdale, one of the industry's most respected designers, who without formal training has become a true legend in the world of superyacht design.

© Image Copyright Terence Disdale Yacht

13. Dixon Yacht Design

Location: Southampton, UK

Notable Projects: 152 metres Liberty, 105 metres Falcon, 55 metres DYD

Specialisation: Diverse selection of boats

Website: www.dixonyachtdesign.com

Established in 1981, Dixon Yacht Design is a multi-skilled and multi-disciplinary design practice. Based on the water’s edge at the epicentre of UK yachting in Swanwick Marina Southampton , the Studio’s diverse portfolio of work has been credited with numerous international awards.

Dixon Yacht's broad spectrum of designs encompasses; sail and power, production boats and custom superyachts, displacement craft and fast planning powerboats, monohulls and multihulls, and myriad permutations of those different types.

© Image Copyright Dixon Yacht Design

14. Hoek Design

Location: Netherlands & Mallorca

Years in the Industry: 30 years

Specialisation: Naval architecture & Yacht Interiors

Website: www.hoekdesign.com

Founded in 1986 by Andre Hoek, Hoek Design is today one of the world’s leading offices for yacht design, naval architecture and engineering. Based at the heart of the Dutch yacht building industry, it offers a comprehensive range of styles, from truly classic to ultra-modern.

Superbly balanced with top performances to match, all of their yachts are created by a highly experienced team using the latest design tools.

© Image Copyright Hoek Design

15. Gresham Yacht Design

Location: Mayfair, London

Notable Projects: 87 metre Alucia2, 82 metre Graceful, 71 metre Victoria

Specialisation: Yacht Exteriors

Website: www.greshamyachtdesign.com

Gresham Yacht Design is well established studio in the superyacht design industry. They combine traditional and digital techniques to create custom designs that are truly unique. With a strong attention to detail, they pay attention to even the smallest elements to ensure that the end result is nothing short of perfection for each client.

© Image Gresham Yacht Design

16. Ken Freivokh Design

Location: Hampshire, UK

Notable Projects: 88 metre Maltese Falcon

Specialisation: Modern Design & Yacht Interiors

Recognition: 30+ International Awards

Website: www.freivokh.co.uk

Ken Freivokh Design is known for it's cutting edge designs in the superyacht industry. The studio, is based on the River Hamble in the UK, and is well known for its innovative and futuristic approach to yacht design. The team's attention to detail and passion for sailing is evident in their work, which is characterised by clean lines, functionality, and style.

© Image Copyright Ken Freivokh Design

17. Design Unlimited

Location: Fareham, UK

Notable Projects: 64 metres Shemaraa, 53 metres Elisabeth F, 30 metres Leopard 3

Specialisation: Yacht Interiors

Recognition: Multi-Award Winning Studio

Website: www.designunlimited.net

Design Unlimited is renowned for its progressive and innovative approach to design with the aim of propelling the world of yacht design to new frontiers. The team offer full interior design, decoration and layout services for custom or production motor or sailing yachts of any size.

Their philosophy is to nurture the relationship they have with each of their clients in order bring their ideas to life. They are equally at home working on large superyachts, creating the interior design for a custom tender or developing a production series with a builder. Each project benefits from the same expert knowledge, vision and attention to detail.

© Image Copyright Design Unlimited

18. Malcolm McKeon Yacht Design

Location: Hamburg, Germany

Notable Projects: 59.7 metres Project 404, 50.44 metres Blackcat, 34.4 metres Liara

Specialisation: Eco Friendly Construction & Yacht Interiors Design

Recognition: Multiple International Design Awards

Website: https://www.malcolmmckeonyachtdesign.com/

Malcolm McKeon Yacht Design (MMYD) is a team of naval architects and yacht designers led by highly experienced superyacht designer, Malcolm McKeon. Having been involved with the design of over 200 yachts, including more than 55 superyachts, the studio’s extensive portfolio includes monohull and catamaran sailing yachts, motor yachts, chase boats and tenders.

MMYD is a studio known for its pioneering designs and progressive approach, always striving to deliver dynamic new aesthetics, drawing on the latest technological developments for sustainability and structural integrity. This, combined with advanced engineering solutions and their commitment to ensuring each yacht performs to its full potential, has earned the studio international recognition and a reputation as leaders for elite superyacht design.

© Image Copyright Malcolm McKeon

19. Beiderbeck Designs

Location: Bremen, Germany

Notable Projects: 75 metre Phocea, 105 metre Nautor Swan, 138 metre Rising Sun

Recognition: 15 World Superyacht Awards, 16 Showboats Design Awards

Website: www.beiderbeckdesigns.de

Large motor yachts are the roots of the studio, with the design and interior styling of yachts ranging from 25 to 75 meters, and the design of occasionally significant areas of yachts up to 150 meters, forming the core of the teams business

In addition to the exterior and interior styling of entire yachts, they also eagerly undertake design tasks in the area of conversion and refit, where they merge the yacht's original character with breathtaking designs, the latest technology, and state-of-the-art features.

"It's often astonishing what can be achieved with existing resources by liberating oneself from constraints and rethinking from the ground up, and we relish seeing our enthusiasm spread to owners and their representatives."

© Image Copyright Beiderbeck Designs

20. German Yacht Couture

Notable Projects: 66.7 metre Triple Seven, 73.5 metre Sapphire, 70 metres Screen 70, 24 metre Opium,

Specialisation: Naval Architecture, Interior & Exterior Design

Recognition: Recipient of World Superyacht Awards

Website: www.gycstudio.com

German Yacht Couture is an international design and project management agency specialising in bespoke yacht designs and engineering. They represent the very best in German yacht design, styling, and naval engineering, and their services range from initial concept ideas to design, technical considerations, interior design, and delivery.

The founder Frank Neubelt is an internationally reknowned, award-winning german yacht designer and naval architect. With over 25 years of experience in bespoke custom-yacht styling, concept development and naval  architecture. 

© Image Copyright German Yacht Couture

And there you have it, 20 of the world's top superyacht designers, we certainly hope you found this list helpful and informative.

As a superyacht art consultant Artelier works very closely with owners and designers to curate a bespoke art collection for each superyacht, if you would like to find out more about our dedicated art service for yachts visit our yacht art page. Alternatively you can book a free consultation with one of our advisors get in touch to setup a meeting.

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Yachting Monthly

• Digital edition

25 of the best small sailing boat designs

• Nic Compton
• August 10, 2022

Nic Compton looks at the 25 yachts under 40ft which have had the biggest impact on UK sailing

There’s nothing like a list of best small sailing boat designs to get the blood pumping.

Everyone has their favourites, and everyone has their pet hates.

This is my list of the 25 best small sailing boat designs, honed down from the list of 55 yachts I started with.

I’ve tried to be objective and have included several boats I don’t particularly like but which have undeniably had an impact on sailing in the UK – and yes, it would be quite a different list if I was writing about another country.

If your favourite isn’t on the best small sailing boat designs list, then send an email to [email protected] to argue the case for your best-loved boat.

Ready? Take a deep breath…

Credit: Bob Aylott

Laurent Giles is best known for designing wholesome wooden cruising boats such as the Vertue and Wanderer III , yet his most successful design was the 26ft Centaur he designed for Westerly, of which a remarkable 2,444 were built between 1969 and 1980.

It might not be the prettiest boat on the water, but it sure packs a lot of accommodation.

The Westerly Centaur was one of the first production boats to be tank tested, so it sails surprisingly well too. Jack L Giles knew what he was doing.

Colin Archer

Credit: Nic Compton

Only 32 Colin Archer lifeboats were built during their designer’s lifetime, starting with Colin Archer in 1893 and finishing with Johan Bruusgaard in 1924.

Yet their reputation for safety spawned hundreds of copycat designs, the most famous of which was Sir Robin Knox-Johnston ’s Suhaili , which he sailed around the world singlehanded in 1968-9.

The term Colin Archer has become so generic it is often used to describe any double-ender – so beware!

Contessa 32

Assent ‘s performance in the 1979 Fastnet Race makes the Contessa 32 a worth entry in the 25 best small sailing boat designs list. Credit: Nic Compton

Designed by David Sadler as a bigger alternative to the popular Contessa 26, the Contessa 32 was built by Jeremy Rogers in Lymington from 1970.

The yacht’s credentials were established when Assent , the Contessa 32 owned by Willy Kerr and skippered by his son Alan, became the only yacht in her class to complete the deadly 1979 Fastnet Race .

When UK production ceased in 1983, more than 700 had been built, and another 20 have been built since 1996.

Cornish Crabber 24

It seemed a daft idea to build a gaff-rigged boat in 1974, just when everyone else had embraced the ‘modern’ Bermudan rig.

Yet the first Cornish Crabber 24, designed by Roger Dongray, tapped into a feeling that would grow and grow and eventually become a movement.

The 24 was followed in 1979 by the even more successful Shrimper 19 – now ubiquitous in almost every harbour in England – and the rest is history.

Drascombe Lugger

Credit: David Harding

There are faster, lighter and more comfortable boats than a Drascombe Lugger.

And yet, 57 years after John Watkinson designed the first ‘lugger’ (soon changed to gunter rig), more than 2,000 have been built and the design is still going strong.

More than any other boat, the Drascombe Lugger opened up dinghy cruising, exemplified by Ken Duxbury’s Greek voyages in the 1970s and Webb Chiles’s near-circumnavigation on Chidiock Tichbourne I and II .

The 26ft Eventide. Credit: David Harding

It’s been described as the Morris Minor of the boating world – except that the majority of the 1,000 Eventides built were lovingly assembled by their owners, not on a production line.

After you’d tested your skills building the Mirror dinghy, you could progress to building a yacht.

And at 24ft long, the Eventide packed a surprising amount of living space.

It was Maurice Griffiths’ most successful design and helped bring yachting to a wider audience.

You either love ’em or you hate ’em – motorsailers, that is.

The Fisher 30 was brought into production in 1971 and was one of the first out-and-out motorsailers.

With its long keel , heavy displacement and high bulwarks, it was intended to evoke the spirit of North Sea fishing boats.

It might not sail brilliantly but it provided an exceptional level of comfort for its size and it would look after you when things turned nasty.

Significantly, it was also fitted with a large engine.

Credit: Rupert Holmes

It should have been a disaster.

In 1941, when the Scandinavian Sailing Federation couldn’t choose a winner for their competition to design an affordable sailing boat, they gave six designs to naval architect Tord Sundén and asked him to combine the best features from each.

The result was a sweet-lined 25ft sloop which was very seaworthy and fast.

The design has been built in GRP since the 1970s and now numbers more than 4,000, with fleets all over the world.

Credit: Kevin Barber

There’s something disconcerting about a boat with two unstayed masts and no foresails, and certainly the Freedom range has its detractors.

Yet as Garry Hoyt proved, first with the Freedom 40, designed in collaboration with Halsey Herreshoff, and then the Freedom 33 , designed with Jay Paris, the boats are simple to sail (none of those clattering jib sheets every time you tack) and surprisingly fast – at least off the wind .

Other ‘cat ketch’ designs followed but the Freedoms developed their own cult following.

Hillyard 12-tonner

The old joke about Hillyards is that you won’t drown on one but you might starve to death getting there.

And yet this religious boatbuilder from Littlehampton built up to 800 yachts which travelled around the world – you can find them cruising far-flung destinations.

Sizes ranged from 2.5 to 20 tons, though the 9- and 12-ton are best for long cruises.

The innovations on Jester means she is one of the best small sailing boat designs in the last 100 years. Credit: Ewen Southby-Tailyour

Blondie Hasler was one of the great sailing innovators and Jester was his testing ground.

She was enclosed, carvel planked and had an unstayed junk rig.

Steering was via a windvane system Hasler created.

Hasler came second in the first OSTAR , proving small boats can achieve great things.

Moody kicked off the era of comfort-oriented boats with its very first design.

The Moody 33, designed by Angus Primrose, had a wide beam and high topside to produce a voluminous hull .

The centre cockpit allowed for an aft cabin, resulting in a 33-footer with two sleeping cabins – an almost unheard of concept in 1973 –full-beam heads and spacious galley.

What’s more, her performance under sail was more than adequate for cruising.

Finally, here was a yacht that all the family could enjoy.

Continues below…

What makes a boat seaworthy?

What characteristics make a yacht fit for purpose? Duncan Kent explores the meaning of 'seaworthy' and how hull design and…

How boat design is evolving

Will Bruton looks at the latest trends and innovations shaping the boats we sail

How keel type affects performance

James Jermain looks at the main keel types, their typical performance and the pros and cons of each

Boat handling: How to use your yacht’s hull shape to your advantage

Whether you have a long keel or twin keel rudders, there will be pros and cons when it comes to…

Nicholson 32

Credit: Genevieve Leaper

Charles Nicholson was a giant of the wooden boat era but one of his last designs – created with his son Peter – was a pioneering fibreglass boat that would become an enduring classic.

With its long keel and heavy displacement, the Nicholson 32 is in many ways a wooden boat built in fibreglass – and indeed the design was based on Nicholson’s South Coast One Design.

From 1966 to 1977, the ‘Nic 32’ went through 11 variations.

Credit: Hallberg-Rassy

In the beginning there was… the Rasmus 35. This was the first yacht built by the company that would become Hallberg-Rassy and which would eventually build more than 9,000 boats.

The Rasmus 35, designed by Olle Enderlein, was a conservative design, featuring a centre cockpit, long keel and well-appointed accommodation.

Some 760 boats were built between 1967 and 1978.

Credit: Larry & Lin Pardey

Lyle Hess was ahead of his time when he designed Renegade in 1949.

Despite winning the Newport to Ensenada race, the 25ft wooden cutter went largely unnoticed.

Hess had to build bridges for 15 years before Larry Pardey asked him to design the 24ft Seraffyn , closely based on Renegade ’s lines but with a Bermudan rig.

Pardey’s subsequent voyages around the world cemented Hess’s reputation and success of the Renegade design.

Would the Rustler 36 make it on your best small sailing boat list? Credit: Rustler Yachts

Six out of 18 entries for the 2018 Golden Globe Race (GGR) were Rustler 36s, with the top three places all going to Rustler 36 skippers.

It was a fantastic endorsement for a long-keel yacht designed by Holman & Pye 40 years before.

Expect to see more Rustler 36s in the 2022 edition of the GGR!

It was Ted Heath who first brought the S&S 34 to prominence with his boat Morning Cloud .

In 1969 the yacht won the Sydney to Hobart Race, despite being one of the smallest boats in the race.

Other epic S&S 34 voyages include the first ever single-handed double circumnavigation by Jon Sanders in 1981

Credit: Colin Work

The Contessa 32 might seem an impossible boat to improve upon, but that’s what her designer David Sadler attempted to do in 1979 with the launch of the Sadler 32 .

That was followed two years later by the Sadler 29 , a tidy little boat that managed to pack in six berths in a comfortable open-plan interior.

The boat was billed as ‘unsinkable’, with a double-skinned hull separated by closed cell foam buoyancy.

What’s more, it was fast, notching up to 12 knots.

Credit: Dick Durham/Yachting Monthly

Another modern take on the Contessa theme was the Sigma 33, designed by David Thomas in 1979.

A modern underwater body combined with greater beam and higher freeboard produced a faster boat with greater accommodation.

And, like the Contessa, the Sigma 33 earned its stripes at the 1979 Fastnet, when two of the boats survived to tell the tale.

A lively one-design fleet soon developed on the Solent which is still active to this day.

A replica of Joshua Slocum’s Spray . Credit: Alamy Stock Photo

The boat Joshua Slocum used for his first singlehanded circumnavigation of the world wasn’t intended to sail much further than the Chesapeake Bay.

The 37ft Spray was a rotten old oyster sloop which a friend gave him and which he had to spend 13 months fixing up.

Yet this boxy little tub, with its over-optimistic clipper bow, not only took Slocum safely around the world but has spawned dozens of modern copies that have undertaken long ocean passages.

Credit: James Wharram Designs

What are boats for if not for dreaming? And James Wharram had big dreams.

First he sailed across the Atlantic on the 23ft 6in catamaran Tangaroa .

He then built the 40ft Rongo on the beach in Trinidad (with a little help from French legend Bernard Moitessier) and sailed back to the UK.

Then he drew the 34ft Tangaroa (based on Rongo ) for others to follow in his wake and sold 500 plans in 10 years.

Credit: Graham Snook/Yachting Monthly

The Twister was designed in a hurry.

Kim Holman wanted a boat at short notice for the 1963 season and, having had some success with his Stella design (based on the Folkboat), he rushed out a ‘knockabout cruising boat for the summer with some racing for fun’.

The result was a Bermudan sloop that proved nigh on unbeatable on the East Anglian circuit.

It proved to be Holman’s most popular design with more than 200 built.

Credit: Alamy Stock Photo

Laurent Giles’s design No15 was drawn in 1935 for a Guernsey solicitor who wanted ‘a boat that would spin on a sixpence and I could sail single-handed ’.

What the young Jack Giles gave him was a pretty transom-sterned cutter, with a nicely raked stem.

Despite being moderate in every way, the boat proved extremely able and was soon racking up long distances, including Humphrey Barton’s famous transatlantic crossing on Vertue XXXV in 1950.

Wanderer II and III

Credit: Thies Matzen

Eric and Susan Hiscock couldn’t afford a Vertue, so Laurent Giles designed a smaller, 21ft version for them which they named Wanderer II .

They were back a few years later, this time wanting a bigger version: the 30ft Wanderer III .

It was this boat they sailed around the world between 1952-55, writing articles and sailing books along the way.

In doing so, they introduced a whole generation of amateur sailors to the possibilities of long-distance cruising.

Westerly 22

The origins of Westerly Marine were incredibly modest.

Commander Denys Rayner started building plywood dinghies in the 1950s which morphed into a 22ft pocket cruiser called the Westcoaster.

Realising the potential of fibreglass, in 1963 he adapted the design to create the Westerly 22, an affordable cruising boat with bilge keels and a reverse sheer coachroof.

Some 332 boats were built to the design before it was relaunched as the Nomad (267 built).

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Sometimes superyacht designers do not get the appropriate recognition they deserve, seeing that they have collaborated and designed in the creation of some of the most innovative and brilliant superyachts in the industry. So,  Luxury Yachts will feature 30 of the best superyacht designers in a two-part article that have completely changed the game.

⇒ Related Article: Top 10 Luxury Yacht Builders Around the World  ⇐

Tim Heywood (Tim Heywood Design)

With an extensive and impressive career in yacht design, the multi-award-winning yacht designer has produced some of the finest and largest yachts on the water, including Feadship ‘s Symphony superyacht.

Espen Øino (Espen Øino International)

With a studio based in Monaco, Espen Øino is taking over the world with projects like the 89m. Infinity and the 77m. Silverfast superyachts.

Terence Disdale (Terence Disdale Design)

Based in the UK, Terence Disdale Design is known for developing casual yet chic interior and exterior styling of the world’s most extraordinary jets and yachts, such as Eclipse by Blohm + Voss.

Andrew Winch (Andrew Winch Designs)

Specializing in interior and exterior yacht design , Andrew Winch established his own design studio in 1986. He has collaborated in designs like Oceanco’s Equanimity.

Rémi Tessier (Rémi Tessier Design)

Rémi Tessier’s approach to design is founded on simplicity , where function determines form. He has designed the interiors of yachts like Kahalani by Feadship.

Bill Tripp (Tripp Design)

The American yacht designer launched his own company in 1984 and has participated in major projects, like an 85m sailing yacht for Oceanco .

Andre Hoek (Hoek Design Naval Architects)

Founding his own company in 1986, Andre Hoek is known for developing J Class yachts and timeless sloops.

Mario Pedol (Nauta Yachts)

Image Source: Yachts International

The Italian designer is mostly known for being a part of the construction of the biggest superyacht ever , the 180m.  Azzam by Lürssen . Nevertheless, his studio specializes in creating custom and production sailing yachts.

Justin Redman, Mark Whiteley and Tony Dixon (Redman Whiteley & Dixon)

RWD is one of the leading names in the British yacht design scene and the studio has already worked on the exterior of massive yachts like Vava II and Hampshire II.

Martin Francis (Francis Design)

The leading marine architect and superyacht designer Martin Francis has worked on phenomenal projects , such as the 110m yacht  A.

Pascale Reymond & Andrew Langton (Reymond Langton)

Since forming the company in 2001, one of the best dynamic duos in the industry has come to design some of the iconic boats and yachts , including the 78m Titan and the 134m Serene.

Jonny Horsfield (H2 Yacht Design)

Horsfield was for quite some time known as the designer to go to for refits, however, he has started to create new builds, including the 82m Graceful and 125m Maryah superyachts .

Dickie Bannenberg &  Simon Rowell (Bannenberg & Rowell Design)

Regarded as one of the biggest names in the industry, Bannenberg and Rowell create a bespoke design , including luxury yachts, aircraft interiors, and distinctive custom furniture . They have worked on superyachts like the 85m Lürssen Pacific and the 65m Heesen Galactica Star.

Francesca Muzio (FM Architettura)

Led by Muzion, the Italian House is known for doing not only hospitality projects but also refitting superyachts , such as the example of the 52m Amore Mio II.

Frank Mulder & Bas Mulder (Mulder Design)

Established in 1979, this family-run studio has designed more than 600 boats, including some iconic vessels , such as the 35.36m Moonraker and the 42.4m The World is Not Enough.

⇒ Read Also: 8 Superyacht Marinas That Boast Undeniable Glamour and Uniqueness ⇐

  ♦♦ Feel free to share your thoughts on this article. Follow us on social networks:  Facebook | Twitter  | Pinterest  | Instagram . If you want to be up to date with the latest trends and novelties from the most masterful designers and shipyards in the world of Luxury Yachts,  sign up to our Newsletter and receive exclusive content in your email, free of charge. ♦♦

Featured Image Credit to Boat International

Source: Boat International

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All about the $40m bayesian yacht that capsized, leaving 6 dead and 1 still missing.

The massive superyacht Bayesian that sank off the coast of Italy on Monday won numerous awards for its sleek interior design — and was sold to its original owner for nearly $40 million.

The luxury sailing ship was carrying 22 people when it capsized and sank during a fierce storm early Monday.

The bodies of five of six missing passengers, including British tech tycoon Mike Lynch , 69, have been recovered. His daughter, 18-year-old Hannah, is the only one of six known killed in the tragedy yet to be found, a source close to the rescue operation told Reuters.

The ship’s chef, Recaldo Thomas, has also been confirmed dead.

Divers continued searching the wreckage of the 184-foot-long, British-flagged vessel, previously called Salute, on Wednesday after discovering four of the bodies.

When it was built in 2008, the Bayesian had the tallest aluminum mast in the world, standing at 237 feet, earning it the award for best exterior styling at the World Superyacht Awards in 2009, the Telegraph reported.

The sprawling superyacht’s interior, decorated with sleek, minimalist furnishings created by Remi Tessier, has also won numerous awards.

The ship, which accommodated 12 guests, had a master bedroom and three double and two twin bedrooms.

It also featured beige sofas, dark wood furnishings, and a teak deck equipped with a large canvas awning to keep guests cool, according to the outlet.

Some of the ship’s styling, including thin brown pillars and miniature terra cotta sculptures, was inspired by Japanese culture.

What to know after a tornado sank the yacht Bayesian off the coast of Sicily:

• A superyacht capsized off the coast of Sicily after a tornado hit the area early Monday, killing seven passengers.
• British tech tycoon Mike Lynch was identified as one of the bodies pulled from the wreckage. His teenage daughter, Hannah, was the final one to be recovered.
• Lynch — known as “Britain’s Bill Gates” — had invited guests from Clifford Chance, a legal firm that represented him, and Invoke Capital, his own company, on the voyage,  according to the Telegraph . 
• Security camera footage shot from 650 feet from where the  Bayesian sank Monday  shows it disappearing.
• A rare and unexpected “black swan” weather event may have led to the  Bayesian’s speedy demise , maritime experts say.

The extravagant ship won best interior at the International Superyacht Society Awards in 2008 and was also voted one of the best large sailing yachts at the 2009 World Superyacht Awards, according to the outlet.

The yacht’s original owner, John Groenewoud, a Dutch real estate developer, reportedly bought the ship for £30 million ($39 million) when it was built. In 2014, he sold the ship with an asking price of £27 million ($35 million).

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The Bayesian is currently owned by Revtom, a company that listed Lynch’s wife, Angela Bacares, as its legal owner.

It was named after the Bayesian statistical model that helps financial investors calculate risk — the subject of Lynch’s PhD that later helped him build his empire.

The vessel, operated by yachting company Camper & Nicholsons, had twin 965hp MTU engines, which gave it a range of 3,600 nautical miles at 13 to 15 knots (14 to 17 mph).

RSB Rigging carried out rig service works on the ship with Astilleros de Mallorca, a shipyard facility in Palma, in November 2016.

The Bayesian returned in September 2020 for scheduled service works, including having its mast removed and reinstalled.

Steve Branagh, managing director of RSB Rigging, told the Telegraph: “At this time, our deepest sympathies go out to the friends and families of all those affected by this dreadful tragedy.”

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There are 3 major theories as to why Mike Lynch’s Bayesian yacht sank so fast

On Thursday, Italian authorities retrieved a fifth body from the Bayesian superyacht that sank in a storm earlier this week, killing British technology entrepreneur Mike Lynch. 

The 184-foot British-flagged vessel sank early Monday , and the five identified bodies thus far from the incident include Mike Lynch , founder of Autonomy and investor in Darktrace; Morgan Stanley Bank International chairman Jonathan Bloomer and his wife, Judy; Chris Morvillo, a Clifford Chance lawyer, and his wife, Neda, were also found. Lynch’s 18-year-old daughter Hannah is still missing.

There are several theories as to why the massive $39 million boat sank in just about 60 seconds. And the maker of the ship says the crew should have had time to rescue passengers. 

Theory one: The mast was pushed over by the wind

The first theory is that the mast on the massive vessel was so tall it tipped the boat over when a waterspout— essentially a water tornado —hit the boat. Giovanni Costantino , CEO of the Italian Sea Group , which owns several boat brands including the yacht’s builder, Perini Navi , told the Financial Times the boat was “designed to be absolutely stable” because it had the “world’s second-tallest mast.” But Karsten Borner, the skipper of a nearby boat, suggests the sinking actually could have been caused by high winds hitting the 236-foot mast. Even with sails stowed, the mast and its rigging would have provided a vast surface area for wind resistance. 

The Bayesian “went flat [with the mast] on the water, and then went down,” Borner told Reuters . For reference, the tallest mast on a sailing boat on record was the Mirabella V at nearly 247 feet long, according to Guinness World Records .

Theory two: The retractable keel was in the wrong position

The second theory about the cause of the Bayesian sinking is that the keel was retracted when it should have been lowered, making the boat less stable. The keel is a structural beam that runs under the middle of the boat from bow to stern, giving the boat better stability, a lower center of gravity in the water, and more control while moving forward. “Without the keel, a boat might slip or skim on the water,” according to boat manufacturer Sea Born .

The Bayesian had a keel that could be retracted, according to the yacht’s manufacturer, Perini Navi. It could be lifted to reduce the draught of the boat, making it easier to enter shallow harbors. It’s possible that if the keel had been in the raised position rather than extended, that could have compromised the boat’s stability in a strong wind, causing it to sink.

Theory three: A major hatch was left open to the waves

Perhaps the strongest theory so far is the notion that someone onboard may have left a major hatch or door ajar, causing the boat to quickly fill with water. In fact, Costantino thinks this is the strongest theory after watching back footage of the sinking; the rear of the boat appears to have a hinged door that folds down into a sea-level deck.

Since it was obvious the Bayesian was taking on water, there should have been time to get everyone off the boat and into rafts, Costantino told the FT .

“Jesus Christ! The hull is intact. The water came in from [hatchways] left open,” he said. “There is no other possible explanation. If maneuvered properly, the boat would have comfortably handled the weather—comfortably,” he said.

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Who Was on the Sunken Yacht? Tech Mogul Mike Lynch, His Family and Friends.

Mr. Lynch, the former chief executive of the software firm Autonomy, who was acquitted on fraud charges in June, was with friends and family when the yacht went down in a severe storm.

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By Michael J. de la Merced

Michael de la Merced reported on Mike Lynch’s career and legal battles over the course of 13 years across two continents.

A cruise on the Mediterranean Sea aboard a superyacht was supposed to be a celebratory event for the British tech entrepreneur Mike Lynch , who was acquitted in June of fraud charges tied to the sale of his company, Autonomy, to the tech giant Hewlett-Packard.

Instead, it turned into a disaster after the yacht, a 180-foot boat called the Bayesian, sank off the coast of Sicily in a violent storm. Of the 22 people aboard, 15 were rescued and seven others died . Search operations ended on Friday after the final body was recovered from the site of the sunken yacht .

Here’s what we know about the passengers.

Mike Lynch and his family

Mr. Lynch, 59, is a British software entrepreneur who had once been described as his country’s Bill Gates. He founded the software firm Autonomy, which analyzed clients’ unorganized data, and turned it into one of the most prominent British technology companies of its time. He became a widely known corporate leader, who advised David Cameron, the British prime minister at the time, and joined the board of the BBC.

In 2011, Mr. Lynch sold Autonomy to Hewlett-Packard for $11 billion, which was far above its market value, earning him hundreds of millions. But HP investors almost immediately soured on the transaction, and the American tech giant quickly fired its chief executive — and then Mr. Lynch.

HP later accused Mr. Lynch of misleading it about the state of Autonomy’s business, setting off a decade-long legal ordeal for the British executive, who denied the accusations. U.S. prosecutors charged him and other executives with fraud, and Autonomy’s chief financial officer was convicted in 2018.

Despite appeals to the British government, Mr. Lynch was extradited to the United States last year and was confined to a townhouse in San Francisco ahead of his criminal trial, which began in March. Facing the possibility of decades in prison if convicted, Mr. Lynch and another colleague were instead acquitted of all charges.

An official in Palermo, Sicily’s capital, said on Thursday that Mr. Lynch’s body had been recovered. His wife, Angela Bacares, 57, accompanied him on the yacht, and she was rescued on Monday when it sank. She was a consistent presence at his trial in the United States. Records show that she controlled Revtom, the company listed as the owner of the Bayesian.

The body of Hannah Lynch , Mr. Lynch and Ms. Bacares’s 18-year-old daughter, was thought to be recovered on Friday.

The other guests

Jonathan Bloomer, 70, chair of Morgan Stanley’s international arm and the chairman of Hiscox, an insurance provider that trades on the London Stock Exchange, was on the yacht when it sank, along with his wife, Judy Bloomer, 71. Their bodies are thought to be among those recovered, but Italian authorities have not identified them.

Christopher J. Morvillo, 59, a New York-based partner at the international law firm Clifford Chance, was also on the yacht. A former federal prosecutor who comes from a family of prominent lawyers, Mr. Morvillo represented Mr. Lynch during his criminal trial in San Francisco. His wife, Neda, 57, was with him on the yacht. Their bodies are also assumed to be among those recovered.

“We are in shock and deeply saddened by this tragic incident,” a representative of Clifford Chance said in a statement.

Surviving passengers rescued from the yacht include Charlotte Golunski, a partner at Mr. Lynch’s venture firm, Invoke Capital; Ms. Golunski’s husband, James Emslie; and their one-year-old daughter Sophie. Also rescued were Ayla Ronald, a lawyer at Clifford Chance, and her partner, Matthew Fletcher.

The yacht had a crew of 10, and nine were rescued. The body of the chef, Recaldo Thomas, was recovered from the water, the Sicilian Civil Protection Department said.

Elisabetta Povoledo contributed reporting, and Kitty Bennett and Susan Campbell Beachy contributed research.

Michael J. de la Merced has covered global business and finance news for The Times since 2006. More about Michael J. de la Merced

Yachting World

• Digital Edition

The Yachting World hall of fame: 50 yachts that changed the way we sail

• Helen Fretter
• May 13, 2020

We asked historians, round the world race winners and legendary sailors to name the yachts that changed the sport for good. In no particular order, these are the 50 yachts that shifted how we sail...

41. Jolie Brise

Built: 1913 Design: Alexandre Pâris/Paumelle

The 56ft gaff-rigged Jolie Brise was originally built to do a job of work. Although she appears to be a traditional pilot cutter, Jolie Brise was unusual for the time in being built to plans.

She was designed to cross oceans rapidly, and was the last boat to carry the Royal Mail under sail. However, she was too late to really show her worth as a pilot boat, and as steam replaced sail suffered some ignominious years as a tuna fishing boat.

Her fortunes changed after she was sold and refitted for racing, going on to take part in the inaugural Fastnet Race in 1925, which she won. She went on to win the 600-mile epic twice more, a record which remains unbeaten.

Photo: Paul Buttrose

Built: 1929 Design: Sparkman & Stephens

Designer Olin Stephens was just 22 when the 52ft yawl Dorade was launched, built for his father Roderick Stephens as a great gamble on the success of a new business venture, a design house called Sparkman & Stephens.

The yacht, which he described as “a kind of awakening”, was  both beautiful and radical from the outset. She was n arrower in beam and lighter in construction than her contemporaries, partly due to the hull frames being steam-bent rather than sawn.

Stephens was confident that a slim hull with stability gained from a deep lead keel, would pay off. He was correct – although his calculations were thrown into question at Dorade’s launch, when the waterline stripe was three inches below the surface.

Any detractors were silenced by Dorade’s performance in the 1931 Transatlantic Race when she, the third smallest yacht in the fleet, reached the line more than two days ahead of the next. On corrected time, Dorade was almost four days faster. She went on to win the Fastnet Race of the same year by a wide margin.

The yacht became the first in a new generation of deep keeled, slim hulled, powerful racing yachts. Dorade was famously restored to once again race in the Transatlantic and Fastnet Races in 2015, scoring podium finishes in both offshores some 84 years after her first win. Sparkman & Stephens, of course, went on to become the most prolifically successful yacht design office of the 20th century.

43. Sundeer 68

Built: 1988 Design: Steve Dashew

An unsung hero of yacht design, Steve Dashew built small numbers of highly specialised cruising yachts.

Andrew Bishop of the World Cruising Club comments: “The powerful, balanced rigs are designed with sail handling for short-handed crews in mind, which, combined with their easily driven hull forms, make for consistently high speeds in a wide range of conditions. These boats were ahead of their time for modern fast cruising yachts.”

The range began with the 1978 Deerfoot , a 68-footer that featured the first swim platform, fore-and-aft watertight bulkheads, and an aft engine room.

They later launched the Sundeer range, which could comfortably cover 230 miles a day, a distance Dashew describes as “the magic number that keeps you safe and comfortable”.

Built: 2007 Design: VPLP

The 33rd America’s Cup pitted a 34m trimaran against Alinghi’s giant catamaran. For BMW Oracle USA designers, VPLP, the project was a golden opportunity to rapidly accelerate multihull development, resulting in the famous wingsail.

Lauriot Prévost remembers: “In the original brief the boat had to be designed and built in ten months, and then there were lawyers and postponements, which meant instead of having ten months we had almost two and a half years.

“So that’s how the wingmast came onto the boat. Having worked on the platform, on the appendages, on everything else, we had to work on propulsion.” The original idea came from design director Mike Drummond.

“It was a crazy project because even at the final finish, when the second leg had been won by USA 17, we still had some modification projects that were on the table, changing the main hull and so on,” recalls Lauriot Prévost.

“It was really, really very intense. But I think the America’s Cup is exactly this: you can have the skills and money to achieve in two years what would take five or ten years on a usual project.”

45. Contessa 32

Built: 1970 Design: David Sadler / Jeremy Rogers

The gateway for many owners into yacht racing, the Contessa was a one-design, avoiding the vagaries and expense of IOR, and performed just as well as a family cruiser. Its seaworthy reputation was cemented during the 1979 Fastnet, when of the 58 boats in the smallest class, only one finished – the Contessa 32 Assent .

David Glenn explains: “The key to the the Contessa 32’s success was that the boats could perform two roles equally well. They could be raced as a one-design, which meant you didn’t have to adhere to the vagaries and expense of IOR, which was then the predominant racing rule, and perform just as well as a family cruising yacht.

“The David Sadler/Jeremy Rogers Contessa was designed in 1970 and more than 750 were built. At one time they had their own class in Cowes Week and they still race through an active class association. A good looking and very seaworthy yacht, chosen by many who wanted a go-anywhere, reliable and – for her day – fast boat.

“By today’s standards her accommodation is very limited. Nonetheless, a real winner in her time and many people aspired to owning one. They still do! She had that ‘must have’ ingredient. ”

46. Aqua Quorum

Built: 1996 Design: Adrian Thompson

Ocean racer Dee Caffari nominates Pete Goss’s  Aqua Quorum. “ Most of my racing offshore is spent on boats with canting keels,” she explains, “but i f we go back to 1991, Michel Desjoyeaux sailed the first distance offshore with a swing keel in a mini 6.50. This then led onto Pete Goss sailing Aqua Quorum , an open 50, in the 1996 Vendee Globe becoming the first to sail round the world with a canting keel.

“From this moment the world stopped questioning the canting keel concept. We agree that there are risks and as a result many races have adopted the one-design rule to try and reduce the risk factor, but no one has moved away from the extra stability and power this design can produce. It sure beats having 15 people on the rail to act as ballast!”

Built: 1953 Design: Blondie Haslar

With her unstayed Chinese ‘junk’ rig set on a modified 25ft Folkboat hull, Jester is unique. She was created by Herbert ‘Blondie’ Haslar, who believed that one did not need a racing machine in order to cross ocean miles.

He then sailed her in the 1960 race which he established for fellow singlehanded, Corinthian yachtsmen, from Plymouth to New York – at the time a revolutionary concept and the first solo ocean race.

It was won by Francis Chichester in  Gipsy Moth II , with Jester second, and the race became the hugely successful OSTAR, held on a four-yearly cycle in various incarnations for many years since.

Jester competed in each one, until finally damaged by a rogue wave and abandoned in 1988. A replica Jester was built – and again raced in the OSTAR – in 1992.

Technically Jester was also very innovative, thanks to Haslar’s wind vane self-steering and rudimentary trim tab system, which he refined further over four Atlantic crossings – claiming to only take the tiller for an hour during the 1960 race. By 1970 over 600 units of Haslar’s Pendulum Servo Gear system had been fitted to yachts around the world.

Many other developments in short-handed racing were first tried during runnings of the OSTAR, such as the earliest weather routing in 1968 (it was subsequently banned).

48. Westerly Centaur

Built: 1968 Design: Jack Laurent Giles

“Designed in 1968 by Jack Laurent Giles, this was the people’s cruising boat, the ‘floating country cottage’,” comments David Glenn.

“She was a motor sailer really but she changed yachting by getting families afloat in their thousands and she is a still much loved second-hand yacht. Westerly built (I think) some 2,500. Those numbers speak for themselves.”

Built: 1912 Design: Camper & Nicholson

The 15-metre was the first yacht designed with a Marconi topmast, which was fitted with a track which meant the topsail could be hoisted from deck.

With 72 wins out of 81 starts for Istria , the gaff rig was rapidly demoted to the history books. Istria was also the first large yacht to be built using laminated materials to save weight.

Photo: Jean Jacques Bernard.

50. Ceramco

Built: 1980 Design: Farr

Peter Blake’s 68-footer with a bulb keel and flat stern was designed to surf around the world in the 1981-82 Whitbread, but she was dismasted on leg one. The crew set a jury rig and sailed 4,400 miles to rejoin the race and resume battle with Flyer .

Updated from an article that first appeared in the November 2016 issue of Yachting World magazine.

• 1. Introduction

Explained: How did Bayesian superyacht with Mike Lynch sink?

O n a fateful Monday off the coast of Sicily, the Bayesian, one of the world’s largest and most advanced sailing superyachts, sank after encountering severe weather conditions.

This catastrophic event has left the maritime community grappling with the question: How did such a sophisticated vessel succumb to the elements so quickly?

As details emerge, the focus shifts to understanding the specific factors that led to this disaster.

Bayesian’s rapid sinking raises alarms

The Bayesian, a 56-meter British-flagged superyacht, was anchored near Palermo when it was struck by a violent storm.

The yacht, managed by Camper & Nicholsons and owned by UK tech entrepreneur Mike Lynch , was carrying 22 people, including 10 crew members and 12 guests.

Of these, 15 were rescued, but six, including Lynch and his 18-year-old daughter, remain missing. Tragically, the body of the yacht’s chef was found near the wreckage.

The rapid sinking of the Bayesian, a modern and well-equipped yacht, has raised alarms about the dangers posed by extreme weather events, especially as they become more frequent due to climate change.

But what exactly happened that led to the sinking of this state-of-the-art vessel?

The role of the waterspout and extreme weather

Italian coastguards suggest that the Bayesian was likely caught in a waterspout, a type of tornado that forms over water.

This intense weather phenomenon, combined with the yacht’s anchorage, created a perfect storm that overwhelmed the vessel.

Despite the forecasted bad weather, the severity of the storm was unexpected, catching the crew off guard.

A nearby skipper, Karsten Borner, witnessed the event and provided crucial details about the moments leading up to the disaster.

Borner described how he had to use his boat’s motor to maintain control and avoid colliding with the Bayesian as the storm hit.

According to Borner, the Bayesian was hit by a powerful gust of wind that caused it to heel over dramatically, laying the yacht flat on the water. Within moments, the vessel began to take on water and sank rapidly.

How does a yacht’s design impact its stability?

One of the key factors that may have contributed to the Bayesian’s sinking is its 72-meter aluminium mast, the tallest of its kind in the world.

Such a tall mast, even when not bearing sails, presents a large surface area to the wind, known as “windage.” In extreme wind conditions, this can significantly destabilize a yacht, making it more susceptible to capsizing.

In Borner’s account, the combination of high winds and the yacht’s towering mast likely created enough force to tip the Bayesian over.

This would have allowed water to enter the vessel, especially if any windows, hatches, or companionways were open, further compromising its buoyancy.

Additionally, the Bayesian was equipped with a lifting keel, a feature designed to allow the yacht to enter shallow harbours by reducing its draft.

However, if the keel was in the raised position rather than fully extended, it could have further reduced the yacht’s stability in such extreme conditions.

A raised keel would mean less counterweight to balance the yacht against the force of the wind, making it more vulnerable to capsizing.

Is the Mediterranean weather to blame?

The sinking of the Bayesian also highlights the unpredictable nature of Mediterranean weather, which can turn violent with little warning.

Unlike the North Atlantic, where weather changes are often signalled days in advance by shifting air pressure and visible cloud formations, the Mediterranean is known for its sudden and intense storms.

The storm that struck the Bayesian was part of a larger system known as a “Dana,” an acronym for “Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos” or isolated high-altitude depression.

These thunderstorms are notorious for their unpredictability and can produce extreme weather, including strong winds and heavy rains. The same weather system also caused severe flooding in the Balearic Islands, including Mallorca and Menorca.

What does climate change have to do with this?

While the exact cause of the Bayesian’s sinking is still under investigation, many experts point to the broader context of climate change as a contributing factor.

The Mediterranean has seen a marked increase in extreme weather events in recent years, a trend that is likely to continue as global temperatures rise.

Last week, the Mediterranean Sea recorded its highest surface temperature on record, with a median temperature of 28.9°C. This follows 15 consecutive months of record-breaking global sea temperatures, driven by the ongoing heating of the world’s oceans.

Warmer seas can fuel more intense and frequent storms, including hurricanes and waterspouts, which pose significant risks to maritime safety.

Meteorologists have long warned that climate change will lead to more extreme weather events, including stronger storms, prolonged droughts, and more severe flooding.

The Bayesian’s sinking may be an example of the dangers these changing conditions present, especially in regions like the Mediterranean that have traditionally been seen as safe havens for sailors.

Lessons for the yachting community

The tragic loss of the Bayesian underscores the need for ongoing vigilance and adaptation within the yachting community.

As extreme weather becomes more common, yacht owners, builders, and skippers must reassess traditional safety practices and design standards to ensure they are equipped to handle the new realities of a changing climate.

For yacht builders, this might mean rethinking certain design features that, while offering advantages in certain conditions, could pose risks in extreme weather.

The Bayesian’s tall mast and lifting keel, for example, are both features that have benefits under normal circumstances but may have contributed to its vulnerability in this particular storm.

For skippers and crews, the incident highlights the importance of preparedness and the need to take potential weather threats seriously, even when conditions initially seem manageable.

In the case of the Bayesian, the crew may not have anticipated the severity of the storm, but once it hit, there was little they could do to save the vessel.

Safety at sea ultimately depends on a combination of factors: the design and condition of the vessel, the skill and experience of the crew, and the ability to anticipate and respond to changing weather conditions.

The sinking of the Bayesian serves as a sobering reminder that even the most advanced yachts can be vulnerable to the forces of nature, particularly in an era of increasingly unpredictable and extreme weather.

The sinking of the Bayesian off the coast of Sicily is a tragedy that has left many unanswered questions. As investigations continue, the focus remains on understanding how such a well-equipped yacht could have been lost so quickly.

The incident serves as a stark reminder of the dangers posed by extreme weather, particularly in a world where climate change is making such events more common.

For the yachting community, the loss of the Bayesian is a call to action. It underscores the need for greater awareness of the risks posed by extreme weather and the importance of designing and operating yachts with these risks in mind.

As the search for the missing continues, the lessons from this disaster will hopefully lead to improvements in safety and preparedness, helping to prevent future tragedies at sea.

The post Explained: How did Bayesian superyacht with Mike Lynch sink? appeared first on Invezz

Superyacht sinks latest: Investigators reveal where bodies were found as probe looks at 'crew's responsibility'

Italian officials revealed at a news conference there could be "a question of manslaughter" as they opened a shipwreck investigation and said the probe is also looking at the "crew's responsibility".

Saturday 24 August 2024 18:33, UK

• Superyacht sinking

Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player

• Prosecutor: There 'could be a question of manslaughter'
• Probe 'concentrating' on crew's responsibility
• Seven bodies recovered after five-day search of superyacht wreckage off Sicily
• Saturday's papers pay tribute to youngest victim Hannah Lynch
• Hannah's sister pays tribute to 'my little angel'
• Explained: Inside the superyacht | What challenges have faced divers?
• Eyewitness: Sombre scenes greet rescue teams as final body is brought ashore
• Live reporting by Niamh Lynch

We're ending our live coverage for this evening but here is a recap of what we know:

• Prosecutors have opened a manslaughter investigation into the Bayesian sinking;
• Officials have revealed more details on their investigation and the difficult five-day rescue mission;
• The six bodies found during the search in recent days were all in cabins on the left-hand - and highest - side of the ship. Five were found in the first cabin and the sixth was found in the third;
• Prosecutors said the six passengers were most likely asleep when the boat sank;
• The probe is now focusing on the crew and their responsibilities, with the captain set to undergo more questioning.

Monday 19 August

The Bayesian yacht, flying a British flag, sinks at around 5am local time when the area was hit by a tornado.

Fifteen people are rescued from the 56 metre vessel - including a mother and baby - but another seven remain missing.

One body, later confirmed to be the yacht's chef Recaldo Thomas, is found near the wreck.

It emerges that British technology tycoon Mike Lynch and his 18-year-old daughter Hannah are among six people that remain missing.

Tuesday 20 August

The search continues for the six tourists missing.

It is reported that among those missing are Morgan Stanley International chairman Jonathan Bloomer; his wife, Judy Bloomer; Clifford Chance lawyer Chris Morvillo; and his wife, Neda Morvillo.

Police divers try to reach the hull of the ship, resting at a depth of 50 metres.

Italy's fire brigade Vigili del Fuoco say early inspections of the wreck were "unsuccessful" because of limited access to the bridge and furniture obstructing passages.

The operation is later described as "complex", with divers limited to 12-minute underwater shifts.

Tributes pour in for Mr Thomas, with his friend Gareth Williams saying: "I can talk for everyone that knew him when I say he was a well-loved, kind human being with a calm spirit."

Wednesday 21 August

The search for the six people unaccounted for enters a third day, with crews carrying out inspections of the yacht's internal hull.

A team of four British inspectors from the Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) arrive in Porticello to look at the site of the sinking.

A helicopter is drafted in to help with the search effort and remotely controlled underwater vehicles are being used, with naval units and cave divers also taking part in the search.

Five bodies are found inside the yacht on Wednesday afternoon. Only four of them are brought to shore.

Body bags are seen being taken to Porticello in the afternoon where dozens of emergency services staff wait.

Searches finish for the day just before 7.30pm.

Thursday 22 August

The search resumes for the remaining missing person.

The body of the fifth missing person, found but not recovered the previous day, is brought to shore.

A fire service boat with flashing blue lights returns with a blue body bag to the port of Porticello just after 8.45am local time on Thursday.

Tributes pour in for Mr Lynch and Mr and Mrs Bloomer after they are identified as having died.

The search is called off at around 8pm in Sicily, with divers expected to begin again at 6.30am on Friday.

Friday 23  August

The search continues for the final person missing from the wreck of the Bayesian, Hannah Lynch.

Vincenzo Zagarola, of the Italian Coastguard, says the search for Hannah has not been "easy or quick", comparing the sunken yacht to an "18-storey building full of water".

The coastguard confirms in the late morning that her body has been found.

A green body bag is brought to the port of Porticello from the site of the sinking.

A spokesperson announces on behalf of the Lynch family that they are "devastated" and "in shock" after the deaths of Mike and Hannah.

Hannah's sister Esme pays tribute to her "little angel".

Saturday 24 August

A press conference is held in the court of an Italian town, Termini Imerese.

Public prosecutor Ambrogio Cartosio tells reporters that his office has opened an initial investigation against unknown persons into manslaughter and negligent shipwreck.

As the focus now turns to the manslaughter investigation, here's another reminder of the seven victims of the sinking and the 15 people who survived. 

A close friend of the Lynch family has added to the chorus of tributes for British tech tycoon Mike Lynch, who died in Monday's superyacht sinking.

Susannah Gurdun, who lives in Suffolk, recalled being "daunted" when she first met Mr Lynch at a dinner party, before discovering he was "so much more than the corporate cliche".

"He was riveting.  He was funny, and kind, and endlessly interesting; capable of talking about anything and everything," she said.

Ms Gardun said the businessman also had a "thrilling ability" to make complicated subjects "accessible to those of us less blessed with a science acumen".

"In particular, he was wonderful with children.  I will never forget hearing him explain to a group of them - including our ten year old son - the physics of why the sky went pink at sunset," she said.

She went on describe Mr Lynch as a "true genius" and "phenomenal creative".

Ms Gardun said his daughter Hannah was also showing "serious literary promise", and added that it was "beyond tragic that we will never know where her own particular brilliance might have led".

"I still feel blessed to have shared that time with them in Spain.  Not just because I witnessed Mike’s incredible storytelling; but because I was given a chance of understanding what that moment said about all four of them as a united vibrant loving family," she said.

"He was an extraordinary human being and it was - truly - a privilege to have known him."

A yacht crew member who survived the sinking has paid tribute to Hannah Lynch, calling her a "diamond in a sea of stars".

Sasha Murray, chief stewardess of the Bayesian, has released a statement after divers recovered the final missing body from the wreckage, which is believed to be 18-year-old Hannah.

"Those who knew her will know that Hannah was a diamond in a sea of stars," she said.

"Bright, beautiful and always shining. What most people may not have seen was the extraordinarily strong, deep and loving relationship she shared with her parents, whom she adored more than anything. 

"While swimming with them she often said, if anything ever happened she would save them. 

"I have no doubt that the Irish, Latina fire that burns in her soul kept that spirited determination alive."

Ms Murray's statement comes as a new image of Hannah Lynch and her father Mike Lynch is released:

Prosecutors announced in this morning's news conference that they have opened a manslaughter and negligent shipwreck investigation.

Officials were unable to answer several queries from the media, saying they needed time to establish the facts, but what are the key questions facing prosecutors? 

Why weren't passengers who remained on board the vessel warned about escaping from the yacht?

The prosecutor in charge of the case, Raffaele Cammarano, suggested that some passengers may have been asleep when others were awake.

Asked why they were not woken up or alerted, he said that is something investigators are trying to work out from the statements of the survivors.

He called it an "essential" part of the inquiry.

Why were several of the passengers in one cabin?

The press conference heard several bodies onboard the sunken yacht were found in a single cabin which was not theirs.

Mr Cammarano said investigators currently do not know the reason for them being discovered in the same cabin.

The chief of the Palermo fire service, Bentivoglio Fiandra, said the yacht pinned to the right and suggested people tried to go on the other side, taking refuge in cabins in the higher part of the wreck.

Why did the boat sink?

The vessel had been deemed "unsinkable" by its manufacturer - Italian shipyard Perini Navi.

The Bayesian was hit by a downburst, according to Mr Cammarano, which are powerful winds that descend from a thunderstorm and spread out quickly once they hit the ground.

Officials will look into the safety equipment on the sunken vessel.

Mr Cammarano was asked about whether there is a black box and if the hatches were left open.

He said investigators do not have exact information about the black box and that the first phase of the inquiry will look into it.

Why were nearby vessels not similarly affected?

Another yacht, the Sir Robert BP, was about 150 to 200 metres from the Bayesian when extreme weather hit.

Its crew helped to rescue 15 people from the stricken vessel.

Italian officials said they would be looking at how the downburst could affect one vehicle and not other nearby vessels.

What weather warnings was the Bayesian alerted to?

Maritime director of western Sicily, Rear Admiral Raffaele Macauda, said the weather at the time of the yacht's sinking was abnormal and there was nothing to suggest such an extreme situation would arise.

He said there were forecasts of winds and a storm alert, but there was no warning of a tornado.

"Given that the conditions were such, there wasn't anything to suggest there could be an extreme situation arising," he said.

"There are vessels that can monitor, after all, these events and one would have thought that the captain had taken precautions."

How long will it take to recover the sailing vessel?

Mr Macauda could not confirm how long it would take to retrieve the shipwreck of the sunken yacht.

"Everything depends on the availability of the owners and the timeframe of the retrieval of the wreck and of course all that has to be submitted to the port authorities and in parallel of course there will be the inquiry results and it's only really then that we will be able to authorise the operation," he said.

"I can't say, like some experts who have already spoken on the subject, [said] that it will be eight weeks."

He made clear that the owners will bear the full cost of retrieval, although he could not estimate the figure.

Italian authorities detailed the challenging and meticulous rescue operation to recover the six missing people from the Bayesian wreck (see 9.18am post).

But why was the five-day search so difficult? 

Read more below...

More on this morning's press conference. 

One of the main updates from prosecutors was that they have opened manslaughter and shipwreck investigations after the deaths of seven people in the Bayesian sinking. 

Watch the announcement below...

Prosecutors have given a lengthy news conference this morning on their investigation into the sinking of the Bayesian. 

Read the full report on the prosecutors' probe below...

Marine investigator James Wilkes has been speaking to Sky News after this morning's press conference.

"Naturally, there are more questions than there are substantive answers at the moment - that's the nature of investigative work.

"Something forced that yacht to roll beyond its nominal stability limits, such that it wasn't able to right itself with the ingress of a certain amount of seawater that was coming into the yacht. 

"So the investigators are going to ask themselves one initial question - what must the conditions have been for this to happen? 

"Then they are going to look at the contributing factors to the yacht, sinking, and, and the unfortunate loss of life." 

Prosecutors said this morning that the future of the investigation is reliant on recovering the wreck. 

Mr Wilkes said the yacht is a "major piece of physical evidence in and of itself." 

"It's lying at 50 metres, which is a recoverable depth. 

"If it was significantly deeper, then I'm not sure they'd be considering salvage at this stage or certainly, the salvage question would be a lot more complicated to answer. 

"But if there was the ability to raise that yacht in one piece safely, then it gives the investigators physically more to look at."

Mr Wilkes said he was unsure if the yacht would have a "black box" - called a voyage data recorder in shipping. 

"It would record things like GPS position, heading speed, engine telemetry, whether the radars were on, what they were recording, alarms, communications from the yacht itself, any audio on the bridge.

"But more often than not, these are on merchant ships. The yacht was a commercial yacht in the sense that it could be chartered out so it's quite possible it has a voyage data recorder on, but I'm not sure that it does. I don't know that as a matter of fact," he said.

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