steam owner yacht

The 101-year-old classic yacht that runs on steam

The SS Delphine is an iconic yacht that reached a major milestone in April 2021: celebrate its 100th birthday . Now, a year older, the yacht has been renovated on the inside but still uses steam to move around. 

“She is the only superyacht in the world still operating today with her quadruple expansion steam engines,” -Emmanuel R Buetss, SS Delphine’s Manager.

SS Delphine’s origins

Although it was built for Horace Dodge , American automobile manufacturer pioneer, the 78-metre yacht has hosted heads of states while they planned peace treaties . SS Delphine was launched in 1921 at Great Lakes Engineering Works . At that time, she had the largest gross tonnage of any yacht in America. 

Originally it was equipped with Babcock & Wilcoz boilers. These supplied power for her two 1,500-horsepower steam engines. However, the engine room was updated in 2003 during a refit. Now, two modern water-tube boilers that power the original engines. 

In 1926 the SS Delphine was almost destroyed after catching fire and sinking in New York. However, she was miraculously salvaged and restored. 

Christened as the USS Dauntless

In 1942 SS Delphine was requisitioned by the US Navy and christened the USS Dauntless. During this time, she served as the flagship for naval commander Admiral Ernest King during WWII. 

Once the war was over, she hosted US president Franklin D Roosevelt, vice president Harry S Truman, UK prime minister Winston Churchill and Russian diplomat Vyacheslav Molotov . This was when they prepared for the Yalta Conference, the event that determined how Europe would be reorganised after the war.

“The privileged status of having been Admiral Ernest King’s ship certainly helped her avoid the unfortunate fate of other steamships that did not survive the war, allowing her to delight us today with her original splendor.” -Buetss

Times of changes

Once WWII was over, she returned to the Dodge family. However, over the next 50 years she changed of owners on several occasions. As a result, by 1997 her condition had worsened, so although the owner paid a low price for the vessel he had to pay €45 million to restore the iconic yacht to its former glory. 

During the five-year restoration, her original Tiffany décor layout and design was kept as possible.

“That is indeed why sailing on board the SS Delphine is not only a maritime journey, but above all a journey through time that takes us back to the Belle Époque of the 1920s in the decorations, carvings, wall patterns and carpets that are exact replicas of the 1921 plans,” -Buetss

Current times

In 2003 the yacht changed names once again, this time by HSH Princess Stephanie de Monaco. Now, the current owners offer exclusive events aboard the yacht and charters in the Mediterranean. 

You might find interesting: How expensive is it to charter a luxury yacht? 

“Sailing on SS Delphine is not only a visual pleasure but also the opportunity to enjoy a steam engine which, beyond its timeless aesthetics, also offers a unique noiseless and vibration-free comfort forgotten by the hectic modern machines,” -Buetss

The SS Delphine can receive up to 26 guests to sleep onboard and up to 150 guests for day events . Moreover, she is now equipped with modern comforts expected from a charter yacht: she has a sauna, jacuzzi, hammam, gym, swimming pool and a dressing room. This together with her Tiffany décor in her dining rooms, lounges and suites make her a unique vessel.

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Professional BoatBuilder Magazine

Delphine ii, the last big steam-powered yacht.

By Gérald Guétat , Sep 1, 2016

Original blueprint of the SS Delphine II .

 At the origins of the Dodge industrial empire were two inseparable brothers, Horace and John, natives of a small Michigan town. The family was poor and the Dodge boys went to school barefooted. John preferred to look after horses, while his younger brother admired the passing boats on the nearby river. They had a younger sister, named Delphine. Horace loved above all to tinker, to invent small machines, and to play the piano, and his brother never seemed to raise his nose from reading books. At the turn of the 1900s, the Dodge brothers opened a little bicycle factory before operating a machine tool workshop. Horace had a genius for assembling high-precision parts. Soon, growing firms like Oldsmobile and Cadillac could not do without their subcontractor, the Dodge Brothers Company. Henry Ford also needed their services to manufacture some essential components for his first cars. As money to pay his bills was short, Ford offered to pay the two brothers in shares of his company. The Dodges’ fortune was made.

Horace Dodge could give free rein to his childhood love of boats. In 1903, when he was 35 years old, he bought his first 40 ‘ (12.2m) launch. The long, slender hulls of those touring launches were powered by steam engines designed and built by their owner. In 1910, he commissioned architect Henry John Gielow to design the 183 ‘ (56m) Nokomis , the family’s first large cruising yacht, powered, not surprisingly, by two Dodge steam engines. Following the 243 ‘ (74m) Nokomis II , in 1918, the automaker had Gielow design an even more prestigious yacht. The Great Lakes Engineering Works of River Rouge, Michigan, was in charge of constructing the largest steam yacht ever built in the U.S. Its length had to be limited to 262 ‘ (80m) to fit the locks of the Welland Canal and the Saint Lawrence River.

The main stateroom with piano and bar was restored, including the sliding windows with levers. On the bar is a thermos bottle in the shape of a coastal light, a gift from the Dodge family to Bruynooghe, recognizing Delphine II ’s renaissance.

This private ocean liner, built of 12mm-thick steel, was christened Delphine II in homage to Horace’s sister and to his young daughter. Onboard saloons, smoking rooms, a great staircase, apartments with fireplaces and bathrooms, all paneled with precious woods, could host about 18 guests and a crew of 52. Horace Dodge decided he would personally design the engineroom with two quadruple-expansion engines of 1,500 hp (1,125 kW) each. Horace Dodge died of pneumonia three months before the launching of his masterpiece. His brother John followed him a few weeks later, struck by the same illness. On April 2, 1921, Horace’s daughter swung the traditional bottle of champagne on Delphine II ’s hull.

The two 1,500-hp (1,125-kW) quadruple-expansion steam engines were designed by Horace Dodge, who died just three months before the launching.

In 1925, Anna Dodge, Horace’s widow, and her sister-in-law made a fortune by selling their shares in the family business. Anna Dodge fitted the yacht for long-range cruising. The great steamer then voyaged around the Great Lakes and along the East Coast. During a stopover in New York, a fire sank the boat. The owner, who fortunately was not on board, had it raised and completely repaired by Brooklyn Shipyard.

Soon after the United States entered World War II, Anna Dodge received a requisition order from the U.S. Navy. In May 1942, the steam yacht was convoyed by a military crew from Detroit to Washington, where the Navy armed her with guns, painted her green and gray, and renamed her USS Dauntless . She was then assigned to the command of the chief of naval operations as the flagship of Admiral Ernest King. The USS Dauntless voyaged little during the war years but served as a residence and remote meeting place reserved for high-ranking officials. After the Japanese surrender, Delphine II was returned to her private owner, who refit her at great expense.

During World War II, the 262′ (80m) Delphine II was conscripted by the U.S. Navy, armed, painted camouflage colors, and renamed USS Dauntless .

Even Jacques Bruynooghe’s impeccable restoration wasn’t able to make the chartering enterprise a success.

But times had changed and steam yachts definitely belonged to a bygone era. The aging ship, no longer of interest to the family, was entrusted in 1968 to a merchant marine academy. In 1989, a Singapore-based company bought the old vessel and sent it from America to Asia with a long stopover in Malta. Next, a French business group moved her to Marseille, where she was later abandoned. In 1997, Jacques Bruynooghe, a Belgian textile industrialist, came to the rescue, planning a huge restoration project and a charter business. The restoration took about six years. The steam engines underwent a fascinating reconstruction.

In 2003, Delphine II was relaunched as the last and only large steam yacht in the world, but Bruynooghe’s charter business was not successful. He put her up for sale in 2004 for € 46 million, reduced 12 years later to € 16 million. Today, this rare witness to a glorious era lies in Monaco awaiting a new owner. It’s listed for € 19.75 million on www.jamesedition.fr.

[A longer version of this article was published in Classic Superyacht magazine in January 2012 . ]

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ULTIMATE RESTORATIONS: Cangarda: The Last American Steam Yacht (Series Premiere)

Airs Monday, February 16, 2015 at 10 p.m. on KPBS TV

KQED presents a new eight-part series, ULTIMATE RESTORATIONS , featuring the spellbinding restorations of irreplaceable masterpieces. ULTIMATE RESTORATIONS showcases the rescue and restoration of some of the most valuable mechanical icons of the Golden Age (1880-1940), a high point in innovation and craftsmanship. The series, hosted by Bob McNeil, tells the spellbinding stories behind eight of American history’s greatest historical and engineering treasures — the world’s largest pipe organ ; a surviving 1920s fire engine ; a “fish car” designed to transport live fish by train ; a priceless carouse l; a World War II spy plane ; one of the first U.S. yachts to round Cape Horn and a famous steam locomotive . The passionate restorers and committed craftspeople discuss the challenges associated with reviving these massive icons to their original glory: moving huge pieces of equipment, salvaging from sea-floor beds, searching for rare parts, and dealing with complicated mechanical systems.

"Cangarda: The Last American Steam Yacht" - The last existing American stream yacht was nothing more than an eyesore stuck in the mud of the Boston harbor until Bob McNeil came to its rescue. His four-year restoration of the 136-foot vessel revives old construction techniques alongside new technologies with the help of the colorful crew of Rutherford’s Boat Shop in San Francisco. After 112 years and more than a few setbacks, the Cangarda finally sails again.

History of SY Ena H i s t o r y   o f   S Y   E n a  

SY Ena is one of the very few classic luxury steam yachts extant in Australia, and alongside Lady Hopetoun is one of two designed by Walter Reeks and built by WM ('Watty') Ford boat builders, both preeminent in their fields in Sydney and Australia.

Only around 15 of Reeks’ craft remain extant, with probably a slightly larger number of Ford built craft also still in existence. The SY Ena respectively represents the highest quality of both their design and construction capabilities. It also demonstrates that a craft of this high standard could be built in Australia during that period (1900), whereas most other steam yachts had previously been imported or built locally to international designs.

Her original cost was 5800 pounds, a huge sum of money at the time.

Built from Australian timber

The Ena was built largely with Australian timbers, the exception being the choice of lighter New Zealand kauri for the topsides planking. It was considered a light but strong hull at the time, and has proven to have been extremely durable, after more than a hundred years. The original machinery (steam engine) was made in Australia.

Ena was originally designed for daytrips and entertaining guests, and the layout provided for two cabins below the decks, fore and aft, a galley aft of the helm position, and a large open but covered deck area, perfect for parties.

The interior fit out was designed and built by Beard Watsons Ltd, another well-known firm in Sydney’s commercial and retail history. A few years after it was launched, an enclosed saloon cabin was added to the aft end of the superstructure.

Dibb's family album, boating around Sydney

ANMM Collection Gift from Elizabeth Cadden

One of only two surviving World War I veterans

Original owner Thomas Dibbs used SY Ena for over 10 years, entertaining guests as the Commodore of the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron, by day and overnight, cruising Sydney harbour and the Hawkesbury, before it was bought by the Royal Australian Navy in early 1917 for the then low price of 1000 pounds.

Renamed HMAS  Sleuth , painted black and fitted with a Hotchkiss 3 pounder cannon on the foredeck, the ship was used to patrol for armed German raiders. Steaming in the Torres Strait, around Thursday Island and along the east coast during the final days of World War I, the crew were ever fearful of firing the gun, because it shook the entire ship.

Ena , however, proved unsuited for the tropics, and returned to Sydney to finish the war as a tender (ferry) for the training ship Tingira . Ena would take raw recruits out to sea to show them what being seasick felt like.

Ena remains as one of only two surviving World War I Australian war service vessels.

Post-war work horse

After the war it was bought from the Navy and returned to being a private yacht on Sydney Harbour and nearby. In 1933, the navy sold Sleuth for 1350 pounds. She went to Tasmania and operated out of Hobart to Bruny Island and the D’Entrecasteaux Channel as a trading vessel. It was later left idle for many years and became caught in a legal dispute before the Roche brothers, (well known in Hobart), bought the vessel in 1940 and used it for shark fishing, travelling as far as Queensland.

She was renamed  Aurore, and fitted with a diesel engine in 1945. Aurore  continued to work as a crayfish and shark fishing vessel until the sixties.

She returned to Tasmania and then hit an object in the D’Entrecasteaux Channel and sank in 1981.

Back from the depths

In 1982, the Ena was raised and towed to Sydney, where she was berthed at Pyrmont.

At this time a syndicate in Sydney was looking for a craft similar to the Lady Hopetoun for use as a charter vessel on Sydney Harbour.  Shipwright Nick Masterman from Sydney suggested that restoring the sunk Ena would give them a craft equal to Lady Hopetoun. The wreck was purchased for an initial sum of $65,000.

The project was commenced under Masterson's guidance in 1984 and completed in Sydney during 1986.  The structure and arrangement was restored or recreated where needed as accurately as possible to replicate how it was built originally, although changes were made to the proportions and it was adapted to modern survey requirements.

A new steam engine was made, based on the remains of an existing steam engine used in another Reeks designed ship Excella that had also been used in Tasmania.  

The project cost over $3 million and created a restored vessel that was supplemented with modern requirements so that it could be put into commercial survey for passenger charter work on enclosed waters. The SY Ena was one of the first large Australian restoration projects and has helped the resurgence of interest and support for heritage vessels in Australia.

Further adventures

In 1986/87 the  Ena steamed to Fremantle for the America’s Cup and then returned, completing a circumnavigation of the Australian mainland.  In 1989 it was seized by the creditors for one of the syndicate and later sold to a private owner. It was well maintained, kept in survey, berthed in Berrys Bay and then Blackwattle Bay and made available for charter but was apparently only used occasionally. 

It was sold in 2013 to private owners and taken to Melbourne to continue its use as a charter vessel, but returned to Sydney under new ownership in 2016.

On 1 July 2017, the SY Ena was officially donated to the Australian National Maritime Museum by Mr John Mullen.

SY  Ena  is listed on the Australian Register of Historic Vessels  and is available for charter.

Visit SY Ena at the museum

This vessel is part of the floating fleet at the museum. It can normally be viewed from our Heritage pontoon.

Walter Reeks

Walter Reeks (1861 - 1925) was a well respected naval architect working in Sydney. In addition to designing SY Ena, he devised many other significant vessels ranging from luxury yachts to commercial ferries. 

Many of these are now recognised in the Australian Register of Historic Vessels (ARHV), a sign of their significance to Australia’s maritime history.  

Wilkins 42 ft Steam Schooner 1893 - Sold

Wilkins 42 ft Steam Schooner 1893

Designer	J E Wilkins
Builder	J A Houston, Rowhedge Essex
Date	1893
Length overall	50 ft 0 in / 15.25 m
Length deck	42 ft 0 in / 12.8 m

Length waterline	38 ft 1 in / 11.6 m
Beam	9 ft 3 in / 2.82 m
Draft	4 ft 2 in / 1.26 m
Displacement	12.7 Tonnes
Construction	Teak planking on oak frames

Engine	Triple expansion steam installed 1977
Location	United Kingdom
Price	Sold

These details are provisional and may be amended

BROKER'S COMMENTS

MYRA is about as elegant as any yacht can be; built of teak bronze and iron in 1893. She is an extremely exciting project with many of her original fittings and details intact but this should not be undertaken lightly because of the extent of the work needed. We believe MYRA to be totally unique and therefore her next owner will be rewarded by a vessel that surely defines the oft over used term “Gentleman’s Motor Yacht”.

Interested in MYRA in more detail.

Enquire About MYRA Download PDF Specification

Restoration project

This vessel is offered for sale as a restoration project and some of the pictures used are historical and do not necessarily show the vessel as she is today.

Built in 1893 for wealthy young man and serial steam yacht owner Willie Mackenzie of Colchester by J A Houston of Rowhedge; MYRA is a steam schooner, carvel built of teak and gaff rigged. The original steam compound engine was built by Mumford of Colchester, one of the world\'s largest steam engine builders of the late 19th Century. This remarkable vessel was used by Mr Mackenzie in a variety of roles both as a vessel for day trips out with friends and admirers such pleasures much enjoyed in those days as well with accommodation for 4 and a sea going capability; more extended voyages. Her second owner, one WJP Peacock used her from 1896 to the outbreak of war in 1914 for watching yacht racing and again for day sailing and longer trips - functions she could perform again in great style. Another story has it that she went over to Paris – to win 1st prize in the maritime section of the Great Exhibition of 1903, later plying the Seine on day trips but this is uncorroborated. Her subsequent owners from 1920 were: R S Heard of Swansea and J Hughes Rice of Newton, Glamorgan, who owned her until at least 1932. Details of her history thereafter are scant. Between the wars Myra had been fitted with a petrol engine but kept her schooner rig. After WWII she declined through neglect – left it seems for many years in Ipswich dock sans engine. It was there, by then in the 1970s that Peter Darby owner of Everson’s boatyard at Woodbridge found and after long negotiation, bought her. Once agreed he had her moved quickly by road to his own yard, where close inspection revealed that in spite of long immersion in brackish waters the hull condition was exceptionally good, requiring only limited re planking but total re caulking. Substantial refitting included removal of the petrol engine and concrete ballast as well as treating and replacement thereof. The deck caulking was completely stripped out and finding the timbers good, they were treated and re caulked. The interior was scraped back to bare wood, re varnished and deck houses re glazed. The original steam engine long gone, all sorts of options for an engine were considered, given Peter Darby her owner was a builder of steam engines himself. Looking for something suitable he found an awesome triple expansion engine, commercially built to deep sea standards; possibly a college training engine, which fine engine he bought and fitted – with remarkable ease as it happens. To power it initially he created a new oil fired 3 drum water tube boiler but replaced this later with a return tube boiler of Scotch design. It is worth noting that the combined size of this boiler and engine required some repositioning of the propulsion system further forward in the vessel, with some consequent re positioning of cabin spaces. MYRA made her second “maiden” voyage – the first time she’d steamed since 1920 on 18th December 1979. She was subsequently refitted with her schooner rig and is believed to have steamed regularly up to around 2005. pictures exist of her sailing hard pressed - and her surprising performance confirmed by her previous owner. More recently she was acquired by the Schiffs und Yachtwerft Dresden where further work was carried out and then acquired by her current owners in 2012.

Construction and condition

The teak carvel topside teak planking is considered to be 95% excellent and two large sections have been stripped to show the beautiful colour and patina of the 120 year old teak. Below the waterline again the teak planking is mostly good, but the garboards – believed to be of elm need attention. Fastenings are copper and bronze. The deck is not so good and the 1½ inch pine, swept deck planking - possibly the original, will need to be replaced. Both deck houses are complete and sound but require full cosmetic refurbishment. Cabin tops are teak (laid fore/aft) doubled with diagonal teak beneath. The grown oak frames and steam bent oak timbers do need significant work with about half needing repair, doubling or replacement. The keel is straight and well supported on a 40 ft flatbed trailer.

Rig spars and sails

- Schooner rig with loose footed sails and furling by brailing - The masts need work or replacing but have all the fittings. - The gaffs are varnished and look good - Galvanized rigging and all blocks are present but need attention - Main sail sheet track well aft on the counter - Foresail tacks with a Lazy sheet - Wickham Martin type Jib furling - The sails are scruffy but will provide good patterns

Deck fittings

- All deck fittings for sailing except ship\'s wheel are present - Additional fittings include the bronze coaling hatches, period anchor winch and capstan - Forged iron tiller enabling steering from the counter - Bronze chain plates - Ship\'s bell is in Rostock NE Germany and attempts are being made to repatriate

Engine, mechanical and electrical

- Triple expansion steam main engine - no maker’s plate apparent but probably by Sissons - Cylinders of 4.5 inch + 7 inch + 10 inch x 6 inch stroke - Engine is complete and has crosshead driven air pump for the condenser - Eccentric driven boiler feed pump and chain drive to a 12 volt generator - Remote control Stephenson reverse gear and regulator enables deck or engine room control - Engine complete but now not free so needs stripping cleaning and reassembly - Dry backed Scotch type Boiler, currently oil fired - Domestic type burner converted to 12 V - Steam donkey engine with own condenser and salt water pump powers a second generator - Generator for battery charging or lighting when main engine is stopped - 2 x Modern fuel tanks for paraffin or 28 sec heating oil are currently removed for access - 2 x Top up water tanks and the hot well water tank for boiler feed water - Water can also be fed by injector - Boiler certificate expired and the boiler will require attention or replacement - All fittings, gauges etc are available

Interior from forward

- Chain locker, with some storage, very pretty teak oval hatch - Head with period Downton pattern WC and bronze pumps currently discharging over side - J Stone fold away self draining basin with nickel plated taps, pump and all parts - Ladies fore cabin panelled in dark oak; 2 x berths, needs a full cosmetic restoration - Table with drop sides, fiddles and bottle storage - Engine room containing the propulsion and generating etc equipment - This space was originally just the boiler room - Aft cabin; 2 x berth and galley mostly teak interior of 1970 s vintage currently stripped out for access - All parts labelled for replacement if wanted - This cabin was originally the engine space plus crew quarters - Also in store; an early Simpson Lawrence stove and a classic pattern Patay galley pump - The Windermere kettle is in Rostock NE Germany - attempts are being made to repatriate - Lazarette mostly dedicated to the large diameter steering quadrant but with some storage

Owners notes and comments

MYRA is complete but needs new decks and a substantial restoration The original Mumford compound engine - or one identical from near MYRA’s home port is currently for sale at Preston Steam Services Ltd near Canterbury in the UK. If a potential purchaser would wish to fit a different steam or maybe diesel engine the owners would be willing to sell her without the existing machinery, which could be removed with ease having been installed only to facilitate the move from Dresden back to the UK. MYRA is currently on a 40 ft York artic trailer with air suspension, which is also available for sale by negotiation. She could very easily be delivered anywhere with road access; including USA as there are RoRo services to most parts of the world. Height with funnel etc removed is under 4 m. Assistance could be given to the new owner with moving if required. MYRA is listed as a project boat in need of restoration but once completed she would be a unique vessel and the belle of the ball at any regatta or gathering.

Contact us to discuss MYRA in more detail.

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These particulars have been prepared from information provided by the vendors and are intended as a general guide. The purchaser should confirm details of concern to them by survey or engineers inspection. The purchaser should also ensure that the purchase contract properly reflects their concerns and specifies details on which they wish to rely.

Sandeman Yacht Company

Brokerage of classic & vintage yachts.

Steam Yachts on the Clyde

By valeman on Oct 8, 2021 in Clyde River and Firth | 6 comments

Steam yachts for pleasure have been the prerogative of the wealthy from the earliest days of steam power. From the largest vessels measuring more than 200 feet, requiring a crew numbering in the dozens, to small steamers not much larger than launches, they were generally well turned out and universally admired. Perhaps the genre reached a pinnacle in the 1890s and the early years of the following century, when the designs of G. L. Watson and the shipbuilding reputation of the Clyde, brought the world to the river. World War I largely finished the boom although there were some notable additions during the 1920s. The Wall Street crash wiped out what remained and by the 1930s, motor propulsion came into fashion.

This is a pictorial album of steam yachts. Some of the pictures are from commercial postcards, others are from old photographs and glass slides, but the bulk are photographs from a visit to the Clyde Fortnight in 1904. The family who captured the scene appear to have come over from Belfast on Messrs Burns’ Pointer and had a connection with the owner of the steam yacht Oransay , Henry Auld, of the Sun Foundry in Glasgow. The yacht would appear to have been based at Ormidale in the Kyles of Bute. The family also seems to have been in the market for a small steam launch themselves and visited boatbuilders at Bowling and on the Gareloch.

On board Pointer, heading for the Clyde in 1904

On board Pointer in 1904.

Apart from a few commercial postcards, I have had to identify most of the vessels and there may well be some mistakes. Some of the yachts are as yet unidentified but perhaps someone who reads this can provide input. I am always happy to be corrected.

The account starts much earlier, with some carte-de-visite photographs showing steam yachts built by some of the smaller yards on the Clyde.

Fairy Queen on Lake Windermere

Fairy Queen, docked on Lake Windermere

Fairy Queen, interior

Fairy Queen , was built by Messrs T. B. Seath, Rutherglen in 1860 for Mr G. J. M Ridehalgh to sail on Lake Windermere. She was 85 feet long by 8½ feet in breadth and propelled by a 16 h.p engine.

Amy, one of several yachts of the same name for Ninian Stewart

Amy , was built by Messrs Henderson, Coulborn & Co., Renfrew, for Ninian Bannatyne Stewart of Keil, Argyll in 1874. She was 144 feet long by 19 feet in the beam and propelled by a 2-cylinder engine. She was sold to Mr Herbert Wood of Raasay in 1878 and renamed Rona and after passing through several hands, broken up in 1934.

Unidentified yacht at Oban

This small, unnamed yacht with her proud crew is pictured at Oban.

Oaks, built at Rutherglen

Oaks , built by Messrs T. B. Seath, Rutherglen for the builders in 1881. She was 140 feet in length and 14 feet in breadth and powered by a single screw driven by a 2-cylinder 40 h.p. engine.

Messrs Coats’ Iris

Iris , was the product of Messrs A. & J. Inglis, Glasgow, for James Coats Jr., of Paisley, one of the threadmaking family, in 1892. She was 78½ feet in length by 14 feet in breadth and had a 3 cylinder 25 h.p. engine driving her screw. She went to Middlesburgh in 1912 and was converted to a tug seven years later.

Verve (Robertson, Gourock)

Verve built as Minona in 1896 by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd, Troon for Mr Peter Stewart of Moidart, she was subsequently sold to Mr Robert Wylie of Glasgow in 1908 and renamed Verve before passing to the cotton emperor, Mr Wiliam Birtwistle of Blackburn in 1922. She was 92½ feet in length by 15½ feet in the beam.

Erin , built Messrs Scotts’ Shipbuilding and Engineering Co. Ltd., at Greenock as Aegusa , for Italian owners, in 1897 . She was 264½ feet in length by 31½ feet in breadth with a 4-cylinder engine. In 1898 Sir Thomas Lipton purchased her to serve as tender to his sailing yacht, Shamrock IV . In 1914, she was requisioned by the Admiralty, and was mined off Malta in 1916.

Norseman (Robertson, Gourock)

Norseman , built by Messrs D. & W. Henderson, Glasgow, for Oldham engineer Mr S. R. Platt in 1898 and was 160 feet in length by 27 feet in the beam. She passed through many hands before being taken over by the French Navy in 1917 and subsequently entered service for Italian owners as a trading schooner.

Mingary (Robertson, Gourock) also in colour at the beginning of the article.

Mingary in Oban Bay

Mingary in the western isles

Mingary , built by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Troon in 1899 for Charles D. Rudd of Sheilbridge. She was 187½ feet in length by 27½ feet in breadth and powered by a 3-cylinder engine developing 123 h.p. She was requisitioned by the admiralty at the beginning of 1915 and sold when returned to her owners in 1919. In 1920, she went to the middle-east as a ferry. G. L. Watson Rudd was a friend and partner of Cecil Rhodes and made his money in diamond and Gold mining. He purchased the Ardnamunachan estate in 1896.

Stradella at Eybury

Stradella was a wooden vessel designed by G. L. Watson, and built by Messrs Paul Jones & Son, Gourock in 1901 for Mr D. N. Bertram of Edinburgh. She was 80½ feet by 14 feet. In 1910 she was sold to owners in Surrey. She is seen here at Eybury.

Iolaire (Robertson, Gourock)

Iolaire at Tighnabruaich regatta (Spencer)

Iolair , built by Messrs Wm Beardmore & Co., Ltd, Govan. For Sir Donald Currie in 1902, she was 236 ½ feet in length by 30 feet in the beam. Currie founded the Castle Line involved in the South African shipping trade that amalgamated with the Union Line to become Union-Castle. In 1915 she was requisitioned by the Admiralty and served on anti-submarine duties.

Medea (Robertson, Gourock)

Medea , built by Alexander Stephen & Sons Ltd., Govan for William M‘Allister Hall of Torridale Castle in 1904. She was 109½ feet in length by 16.6 feet in breadth. She served with the French Government in World War I and is currently preserved at San Diego as a historic ship.

The yacht Rosabelle at Arrochar (Gilchrist), built in 1900 by Messrs Rmage & Ferguson, Leith, in 1902 for Theodore Pim of Crayford, Kent. (identification by Bernard Vivegnis and Iain M‘Allister is gratefully acknowledged)

Perhaps the same yacht, Rosabelle, with a white hull at Arrochar

The following photographs were taken in 1904 and are from an album.

May Queen in Rothesay Bay

May Queen , was built of wood by Messrs Chambers Brothers, as Sea King at Dumbarton for John M‘Donald, Greenock in 1894. She had a 4hp 2-cylinder engine wood. She was purchased by Mr Bruce W Kelly who owned the Alexandra Hotel, in Rothesay who changed her name to May Queen .

Ina in the Kyles of Bute

Greta , was built Messrs Scott & Co., at Greenock for Mr John Scott, she was 145 feet by 22 feet in 1895.

Unidentified yacht

Erin , Sir Thomas Lipton’s yacht in 1904

Beryl , was built Messrs Scotts’ Shipbuilding and Engineering Co. Ltd., at Greenock for Mr Wyndham Francis Cook of London in 1904. He was the son of Sir Francis Cook, British Merchant and Art Collector, Viscount of Monserrate, who became immensely wealthy. In 1905 Beryl was sold to Mr James Burns, Lord, Inverclyde who sold her in 1911 to Lord Hollenden who renamed her Lorna . She was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1914. Her dimensions were 168½ feet by 25 feet and her two screws were driven by a three-cylinder engine.

Oransay , Built by Messrs J. Fullerton & Co., Paisley in 1904 for Henry D. Auld of Glasgow, owner of the Sun Foundry she was 70 feet long by 13 feet in the beam. She was sold to owners in London and eventually ran excursions at Scarborough in the 1920s.

Oransay at Ormidale

On board Oransay

Queen of Scots in Kyles of Bute

Queen of Scots in Lamlash Bay

Queen of Scots , was designed by G. L Watson and built by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd., Govan for William Allan Coats of Skelmorlie Castle, in 1904, she was 175½ feet in length by 28½ feet in breadth with two screws driven by 3-cylinder engines providing 100 h.p.. In 1926, ownership passed to Thomas H. Coats of Renfrew. She survived until 1952.

Nirvana , was designed by G. L Watson and built by Messrs D. & W. Henderson, Glasgow, for Comtesse de Bearn, in 1904 and shortly afterwards became the official yacht of the French Embassy in Istanbul. She appears to be flying the red ensign and so was probably before delivery. Nirvana was 234 feet in length by 30 feet in breadth and was driven by two 4-cylinder engines propelling separate screws. She lasted until 1938 when she was converted to a gunboat for the Italian Navy.

A neat yacht unidentified in 1904

An older unidentified yacht in 1904

Visits to the boatyard in 1904.

Gareloch boatyard

Bowling boatyard

This marks the end of the 1904 photographs,

Built as Maretanza in 1905 by Messrs George Brown & Co, Greenock for Sir John Denison-Pender, London who made his fortune in the South African War where his Eastern Telegraph Company provided communications. She was 129½ in length by 22 feet in the beam. In 1907 purchased by William Birtwistle of Blackburn, Lancashire and renames Zarefah . Taken over and subsequently purchased by Admiralty in 1914 and sunk by a mine in 1917.

Isle of May (Robertson, Gourock)

Isle of May , was built as a fishing trawler by Messrs Hawthorns & Co., Leith, she was 90 feet long by 19 feet in breadth. In 1905 she was acquired by Granville Craig of County Down who converted her into a yacht. She was purchased by Mr William F Robertson of Glasgow in 1920, and in 1935 passed to Mr Walter Brock of Dumbarton. She served as an examination vessel on the Clyde during the second world war.

Doris , was designed by G. L Watson and built by Messrs John Brown & Co., Ltd, at Clydebank in for Solomon B Joel of London in 1910. Mr Joel had made his fortune in the diamond trade in South Africa. She was 238½ feet in length by 31 feet. She was requisitioned by the admiralty in 1914. GL Watson

Launch of Volo in 1910 at Paisley

Volo was built by Messrs Bow, McLachlan & Co. Ltd. in 1910 for Mr William Bow of Paisley. 109½ feet in length by 18½ feet in the beam.

Cutty Sark on the Mersey (Feilden)

Cutty Sark , built by Messrs Yarrow & Co., Ltd. of Scotstoun as a war ship but too late for World War I, she was converted to a turbine driven yacht for Major Henry Keswick in 1920. At 273 feet in length by 25½ feet in breadth her two screws could drive her at 25 knots. She was taken over by the admiralty at the beginning of World War II in 1939, for anti-submarine duties.

Iona (Robertson, Gourock)

Iona built as Volo by Messrs Bow, McLachlan & Co. Ltd. in 1920 for Mr William Bow of Paisley as a replacement for his Volo of 1910. She was sold the same year to Sir Joseph Maclay, chairman of Messrs Maclay & Macintyre Ltd., shipowners of Glasgow.

Restless (Robertson, Gourock)

Restless  was built by Messrs John Brown & Co., Ltd, at Clydebank in 1923 for Mr Alex S. Cochran, Glasgow, she was 186 feet in length by 29 ½ feet in breadth. She was sold to Lord Tredegar in 1924, and then to the Duke of Sutherland two years later before becoming the property of King Faisal of Iraq in 1935. She became a lighthouse tender in 1938 and lasted until 1974.

Nahlin in the Mersey (Feilden)

Nahlin  was designed by G. L. Watson and built by Messrs John Brown & Co., Ltd, at Clydebank in 1930 for Lady Annie Yule. With steam turbine propulsion, she was 300 feet in length by 36 feet in the beam. She was sold in 1937 to King Carol II of Romania but returned to British ownership in 1999 and remains in service.

Martin Black, “G. L. Watson,” Peggy Bawn Press, , Limerick, 2011.

David Couling, “Steam Yachts,” Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1980.

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October 8, 2021

Another wonderful collection of nostalgia. I was so excited to look at the pictures of Iolare at the Tighnagruich regatta. I remember as a lad aged 9 years whilst on holiday standing with my bike at the railings in 1940 watching the paid hand with the assistances of men from McLeans boat yard preparing the good ship to set sail for war duties.

Refering now to S Y Volvo, You have provided me with an addition to my blog, the history of navigation and activity on the river Cart Renfrew County. I was unaware of the existence of the second vessel Volvo. Do you know where I could find details of this good ship.

From far off Western Australia (Covid free) Many thanks and keep writing.

October 9, 2021

A lovely and interesting collection of photos. Is the Iolaire the same one as was wrecked during the First World War at Stornoway with the tragic loss of the lives of so many servicemen returning home from fighting in the trenches?

Stewart: From what I have gathered the Iolaire associated with the Stornoway tragedy is not this one. I read somewhere that the names of the two vessels were switched at one point.

Exceptionally good images of these steam yachts! Beautiful flowing designs contrast with todays equivalents. I would have loved to be aboard, but preferably as a guest….

August 17, 2022

My father served for some years including her early war service on the steam yacht Coila ( I think that is the spelling ) Do you have any images or information on her?

February 13, 2023

Exceptionally fine presentation! Please see my Facebook group which devotes a lot of coverage of steam yachts. https://www.facebook.com/groups/253119085354833

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Altai Republic (Russia) Travel Guide: A Journey through Twisting Mountain Roads

• December 13, 2023

Altai: Land of Shamanic Traditions and Otherworldly Scenery, Complemented by First-Rate Tourist Amenities

Popular ski resorts and rugged nature reserves, where few human feet have trodden — all this is the Altai Republic at once. In 2020, the region was visited by 2 million tourists — twice as many as the year before. But at the same time, untouched nature has been preserved here. We tell you where the most picturesque landscapes and unique archaeological sites are located, when and where you can see the mummy of the Altai princess, and how to reach the remote lakes where the Old Believers hid from persecution.

How often do tourists encounter bears — and who is much more dangerous than these animals? How to plan a trip and what customs and traditions of the Altai people should be remembered so as not to offend anyone? Where to stay and what to bring back from the trip? And what to pay attention to when traveling on one of the most beautiful highways in the world — the Chui Tract — and beyond its borders.

In Russia, there is the Altai Krai and the Altai Republic — these are two different regions. The Krai is located to the north, and its landscapes are mostly fields and steppes. The Republic is to the south — it is mountains and taiga, sometimes also called the Mountain Altai.

Table of Contents

Gorno-Altaysk is the capital of the republic and its only city

All the main attractions of Gorno-Altaysk can be explored in a day. The city won’t astonish you with beautiful architecture, but it’s cozy: there are many pleasant parks and squares. Founded in 1830, Gorno-Altaysk grew from a small settlement of the indigenous Teleut people. However, the first humans lived here over a million years ago: the site of the city was one of the oldest settlements of primitive man in Eastern Asia — the Ulalinka Site.

All the most interesting antiquities are gathered in the National Museum . It is a must-visit to better understand not only Altaian traditions but also East Asian culture as a whole. Altai is the ancestral home of the Scythians and Turkic peoples (Altaians, Turks, Kazakhs, and many others). In 552 AD, the ancient Turks created a state — the khanate, and here the Turkic script originated, with the Altai Mountains being a part of the Great Silk Road.

In 2012, the museum underwent a major reconstruction and is now modern and accessible — equipped with ramps and an elevator. The collection includes archaeological finds from frozen burial mounds, deer stones , statues, runic inscriptions from the Turkic period, and shamanic attributes — in a couple of hours, you can visualize all the main stages of the ancient history of the Altai Mountains.

Visitors often come to the museum specifically to see the mummy of the Ukok Princess — for whom a separate hall was built. In 1993, on the Ukok Plateau in the Ak-Alakha River valley, archaeologists excavated a burial site dating back to the 5th–3rd centuries BCE. In the tomb, a Scythian woman lay in a sleeping position with six horses. The perpetual permafrost preserved her numerous tattoos and clothing: a silk blouse, a woolen skirt, felt stockings, and a fur coat. Her head was adorned with a complex hairstyle nearly a meter high — made of hair, wool, felt, fabric, leather, and carved ornaments. Scientists took the mummy to the Novosibirsk Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography. Later, it was established that the woman died at 25 from breast cancer.

Ten years later, a devastating ten-point earthquake occurred in the Kosh-Agach region, the consequences of which are still seen as fractures and cracks in the ground. Religious people took this as a sign: the Ukok Princess was angered and wanted to return home. Some believed it was enough to bring her back to Altai, while others insisted that her body should be reburied. Eventually, in 2012, the mummy was brought to the Gorno-Altaysk National Museum.

But the disputes did not end there. In 2014, a severe flood hit the Altai Mountains, destroying hundreds of homes. Two months later, a major hailstorm with hailstones the size of chicken eggs shattered windows and slate roofs, destroyed gardens, left dents in cars, and felled trees. A couple of weeks later, the Council of Elders of the Altai Republic decided to bury the princess, and their decision was approved by the head of the region. In 2015, representatives of the Turkic Spiritual Center filed a lawsuit in the city court for the return of the princess to the Ukok Plateau, but were denied. The court justified this by stating that burial would lead to the loss of a scientific and cultural object.

As a compromise, the museum management devised a schedule for displaying the Ukok Princess. You can only see her during the waxing moon, not any day as before. In traditional Altaian culture, this is the best time for public and family events, religious and ritual ceremonies, and important beginnings. The museum’s website publishes a schedule with possible visiting dates. An adult ticket costs 250 rubles (2.46 euros), a family ticket (two adults and no more than three children from seven to 16 years old) — 450 rubles (4.42 euros).

The permanent exhibition of the museum features paintings by the main Altai artist Grigory Choros-Gurkin, a student of Ivan Shishkin. In Altai, Grigory Ivanovich is loved not only for his talented epic landscapes but also for his active public work. In 1937, the artist was falsely accused and executed in the NKVD prisons. Today, a street where the museum is located is named after the painter, and the name could have been given to the airport. In 2018, the Public Chamber proposed to name 47 Russian airports after distinguished compatriots, and online voting was conducted nationwide. Most residents of the Altai Republic chose Choros-Gurkin, but followers of Nikolai Roerich from other regions also joined the voting — the traveler visited Altai in 1926 during his Asian expedition and was also included in the list. Eventually, Roerich won by a small margin, which upset the locals so much that they decided not to name the airport after anyone.

The play ‘The Ascent to Khan Altai’ by Andrey Borisov, about the life of Gurkin, is usually one of the most popular productions in the drama theater. From the theater, you can walk to the city park and the ‘Blue Altai’ cinema. There are no particular entertainments here, but it’s a nice place for a walk: the building stands near a small lake, and almost from there starts the promenade of the Maima River. Along the bank, there’s a boulevard with gazebos and a bridge leading to the foot of Komsomolka.

Opposite is Mount Tugaya, which is great for hiking. To reach the observation deck, one must climb 750 stone steps. From this point, the entire Gorno-Altaysk is visible. Next to the mountain, there’s a stadium and a spring, adorned with marble statues of fairy tale heroes — Yrystu and Alyonushka. Sometimes there’s even a queue for the water.

Just a couple of minutes’ walk from the spring is the ‘Enchi’ ethnogallery in the printing house building. On the second floor, paintings by local artists, felt, cedar, stone, and clay souvenirs, musical instruments are sold, and you can try on national clothing. On the first floor, there’s the ‘ Typografia’ restaurant (35 Kommunisticheskiy Avenue), serving Altai cuisine: meat snacks, which are various types of boiled meat with onions; ostrich fern, which tastes like mushrooms when cooked; grayling, the most common fish in the Altai Mountains. Altaians, being former nomads, predominantly prepare dishes from meat and milk. The average bill is 500 rubles (4.92 euros), and local dishes should be ordered in advance, as 90% of the menu is European cuisine. In the ‘City’ cafe-bar (26/1 Chaptynova Street), you can try burgers with maral meat — Altai deer (450 rubles (4.42 euros)) and lamb dishes (about 500 rubles (4.92 euros)). There are a few other local dishes typically eaten in Altai. Chegen is a sour milk drink similar to kefir or ayran; boorsoki are small doughnuts fried in deep oil; Altai flatbread made from dough; talkan — ground barley grains added to tea or water with salt and butter; chokchok — a dessert made of talkan and honey; kurut — dry cheese.

The Chui Tract – one of the most beautiful roads in Russia

The road to many attractions passes along the Chui Tract. Meandering rivers along the tract, mountain gorges, green valleys, and steppes will alternate with each other. All the main natural monuments seem to be strung along this road.

In the Russian Empire, a ‘tract’ was a term used for an improved dirt road or, in general, a major well-traveled route connecting important settlements. But today in Siberia and the Urals, some roads continue to be called ‘tracts,’ mainly historical ones.

The site of the modern Chui Tract was once the Mungal Tract, references to which can be found in Chinese chronicles dating back a millennium. By the mid-18th century, it was a trade route with Mongolia, consisting of a narrow pack trail winding among passes and ridges. In 1914, the road began to be widened and improved for vehicle travel.

The Chui Tract is a federal road, and its condition is noticeably better than that of regional routes. For example, the Teletskoye Tract is also very beautiful, but its surface is significantly worse. The road from Aktash to Ulagan to Balyktyul is a dirt road that occasionally turns into asphalt.

Manzherok — a bike park in summer, a ski resort in winter, and a cable car operating year-round

The village has many comfortable tourist bases, hotels, and campgrounds — and therefore, it’s always full of tourists. In summer, people come here to ascend to the observation deck on Mount Malaya Sinyukha (1020 meters) via the gondola cable car. On weekdays, an adult ticket costs 500 rubles (4.92 euros), on weekends and holidays — 600 rubles (5.90 euros), and guests staying at hotels on the resort territory receive one trip as a gift. From the top, there are views of the Katun River and Manzherok Lake — it’s warm enough, and people even swim in it in summer. The rarefied air tints the mountains in a bluish shade, which is why Sinyukha got its name.

At the top, there’s a café with a standard selection of sandwiches, pastries, drinks, and souvenirs. You can also paraglide with an instructor — 10–15 minutes in the air cost 5000 rubles (49.17 euros), including photos and videos of the flight.

Bike rental ranges from 300 to 5000 rubles (2.95 – 49.17 euros) per hour, depending on the specifications. ‘Manzherok Bike Park’ is the first professional bike park beyond the Urals with four tracks of varying difficulty. The ‘Green’ track is for beginner riders, with a length of 1850 meters, starting from the middle station of the cable car. The ‘Blue’ track has a low level of difficulty, a wide and smooth 1700-meter-long route, also starting from the middle station, featuring jumps and simple turns. The ‘Red’ track, with a medium level of difficulty, includes two routes of 700 meters each and one of 3000 meters, with steep descents and sheer sections. And the most challenging one is the ‘Black’ track.

The park also has a 4.5-kilometer walking trail, a wooden extreme park, and a dirt pump track.

On the mountain, there’s a shaman’s hut, where from time to time one can meet a shaman (usually during the waxing moon). This is specially designed for tourists and is more of an educational and entertainment format. Normally, folk healers are not very public people, they live the same life as everyone else, and in a crowd, they are indistinguishable from ordinary passersby. Locals find them through recommendations from acquaintances. Agencies often offer various tours under the name ‘Trip to a Shaman’. But whether there will be a real shaman at this meeting is unknown.

In winter, six ski runs of varying difficulty levels open on Malaya Sinyukha. There is a separate slope for beginners, and instructors are available to teach — a one-time lesson costs from 1800 rubles (17.70 euros) per hour. For children with special needs — cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, hearing and vision impairments — specially qualified instructors conduct the lessons. They teach rollerblading in summer and skiing in winter — from 1200 rubles (11.80 euros) per hour.

Chemal — an abandoned hydroelectric station, rafting, and views from Mount Camel

It is believed that Chemal is the warmest village in all of Siberia. It has a mild climate, and there are many sunny days throughout the year — averaging 20 per month in summer. The area is known for its gardens, such as the popular ‘Peony Garden’ ecopark . The park features a guest house, a restaurant with tasty pizza (average check 700–800 rubles (6.88 – 7.87 euros)), and a nursery for ornamental plants.

Patmos and Chemal Hydroelectric Station. Altai has its own Patmos. But here, it is a very small islet — a rock with sheer walls in the middle of the Katun River, accessible by a suspension bridge. It was named after a monastery built in the 19th century. During the Soviet era, the hermitage was destroyed. In 2001, a church of John the Theologian was built on its site.

From the bridge towards the hydroelectric station runs a one-and-a-half-kilometer goat trail, in places with wooden or stone steps and railings, and in others, it’s made of clay soil. It’s better to walk here in clear weather — it’s not very safe in the rain. The trail leads to the Chemal Hydroelectric Station by a challenging but short route. This is not the only way — you can bypass the forest and Mount Beshpek via Sadovaya Street. The hydroelectric station was built in the 1930s, but today it is not operational. Various extreme attractions, rafting, and souvenir shops are located on its territory.

The most interesting souvenirs are sold in Askat — a village of artisans in the Chemal district. A clearing with workshops is located at the entrance, where you can also watch the local craftsmen at work. In the village itself, there is a linen shop and the Golovan’ master’s estate. About a kilometer upstream of Askatka is the Silver Spring — the stream’s waters are rich in silver.

Camel. A mountain with a height of 927 meters on the southeastern outskirts of Chemal, near the hydroelectric station. A well-trodden trail leads to the top, which is clearly visible even from afar. No special preparation is needed to get there, and the views of the surroundings are magnificent.

Rafting. The Katun River in the Chemal and Manzherok areas is suitable for beginner rafting. Many popular and uncomplicated routes start on the shore near Patmos or the Turquoise Katun. A three-hour rafting trip with all equipment will cost about 800 rubles (7.87 euros). Rafting on the Chemal River is a bit more challenging and costs around 1500 rubles (14.75 euros).

Karakol Lakes. From the village of Elekmonar (eight kilometers from Chemal), you can go trekking to the Karakol Lakes. Suitable for those who don’t travel further along the Chui Tract but want to see mountain landscapes. The main advantage is accessibility — almost to the lakes, ZIL trucks go, and the last part of the route can be walked or reached by a more passable GAZ-66 vehicle or on horseback. Commercial tours usually take a whole day. If you want to stay in a tent or spend a day or two at a recreational base, you can organize the trip independently, paying separately for transportation to and from each side, or walk the entire way.

In the Karakol Valley, there are many sacred places for the Altai people: the Bashadar burial grounds with sacrificial layouts, the Nizhnee Sooru site, where, according to legends, evil spirits dwell. On the left bank of the Karakol River, on the Bichiktu-Bom mountain, you can see petroglyphs from different eras. Another sacred place is Lake Arygem with its pure spring water and the Arzhun-Suu mineral spring.

On the way to Aktash — passes, ancient petroglyphs, and high-altitude lakes

Aktash is a village from which it is convenient to reach attractions towards Ulagan and Kosh-Agach. Along the way, there are many picturesque landscapes: you will have to overcome two passes — Seminsky and Chike-Taman and you can see the confluence of the Chuya and Katun rivers.

Seminsky Pass (1717 meters). Located at the 583rd kilometer of the Chui Tract. The ascent from the northern side stretches for nine kilometers, the descent to the southern side — 11 kilometers. Over this short distance, several vegetation zones will change: steppe-forest, forest, and high-mountain. There is an observation deck at the top where you can eat and buy souvenirs.

Tavdinsky Caves. A complex of 30 caves represents a kind of prototype of a multi-apartment building. People lived in these caves for several centuries: during excavations, artifacts from the early Iron and Bronze Ages were found.

The Barangol Necropolis consists of kurgans of the Pazyryk culture, which are scattered on both sides of the Chui Tract. Between the villages of Barangol and Ust-Sema, there is a six-meter Kamyshlinsky Waterfall with two drops.

Chike-Taman Pass (1460 meters). The road to the pass winds up endless twists of serpentine, and at the top, there is an observation deck with a view of these steep turns. On the platform, there are also several cafes and souvenir kiosks.

After the Chike-Taman Pass, there are many natural monuments: rock images, caves, kurgans. After the village of Inya, perhaps the most interesting of them is the Kalbak-Tash site . It is the largest complex of petroglyphs in Altai and practically on the side of the Chui Tract — it doesn’t require a long and tiring walk to reach. The oldest images are about eight thousand years old. Scientists have deciphered only about three thousand of them, and that’s far from all. If you look on your own, most of the drawings can simply be misunderstood. Therefore, it is best to go on a guided tour.

Yalomanskaya Fortress (settlement) — an ancient structure at the mouth of the Bolshoy Yaloman River. A little further — Ayr Tash Stone Gates — a place where the Chui Tract is squeezed between two sheer cliffs. Ininsky Bridge — the first and only two-chain suspension bridge built in the Soviet Union.

Chuy-Oozy — the confluence of the Chuya and Katun rivers, a sacred place for the Altai people. It is a cliff from which one can see how one river flows into another: the waters of the Chuya are muddy, those of the Katun — clear. Nearby is the eponymous nature park — a large ancient sanctuary with a huge number of rock drawings and kurgans. For example, the deer stone Adyr-Kaya, presumably erected two to three thousand years ago. It is a plate of greenish slate with a cut top. It was from this stone that the study of the deer stones of the Altai Mountains began.

Shirlak Waterfall (Maiden’s Tears). Another attraction that is easy to reach. It is clearly visible even from the road when traveling along the Chui Tract towards Chibit and Aktash.

Chibit Village. From here start the routes to the Shavlinsky Lakes, which formed due to the melting of the North-Katun Glaciers. The Lower Shavlinsky Lake is the most accessible for unprepared tourists, to which one can get from Chibit on horseback. The road is quite long — 35 kilometers, but there are many stops along the way. More prepared hikers can continue the route to other Shavlinsky Lakes and passes of the North-Chuya Ridge. Through the passes, you can reach the Maashey Glacier, go to the Karakabak Lakes or the Abyl-Oyuk and Kamry Lakes, and reach the watershed of the Kurundu and Yungur rivers. All these are challenging routes for experienced hikers.

In addition, Chibit often hosts various water racing competitions: here flows a very difficult section of the Chuya. Nearby are two waterfalls: Big Ular and Upper Karasu (Little Ular).

Aktash — an excellent base for exploring the surroundings

In Aktash, tourists are offered jeep tours around the area. A trip in an off-road vehicle along selected routes will cost about 2500 rubles (24.58 euros) per person. However, some attractions can also be reached with your own car.

Relay Station. An operating radio tower on Mount Verkhnya. From a height of 3000 meters, fantastic views of the North-Chuya Range and the Kurai Steppe open up. It’s better to go there in clear weather, otherwise, you won’t be able to see all this beauty due to the clouds.

‘Mars-1’ and ‘Mars-2’. A place that gained fame a couple of years ago when a blogger traveling in Altai dubbed these mountains ‘Martian’ on their Instagram. They are located approximately nine kilometers southwest of the village of Chagan-Uzun, and their red color comes from compounds of iron and manganese. You can drive to ‘Mars-1’, but ‘Mars-2’ requires a walk.

According to locals, they knew about the red mountains before — but didn’t consider them anything special. It’s also preferable to visit the ‘Mars’ in clear weather — the mountains acquire a Martian color only when the sun is shining. On a cloudy day, it all looks less picturesque.

The Geyser Lake is located six kilometers from Aktash. A wooden bridge leads to the lake, and on the way, you have to pass through the territory of a tourist base and pay 100 rubles. Of course, there are no geysers at the bottom of the lake, but springs. There are also three layers of clay: blue-black-blue, and the springs constantly create new patterns on the surface from these layers.

Red Gates. Rocks between which a narrow road winds, if you go towards Ulagan. The composition of these rocks includes cinnabar — a mercury mineral.

Uchar Waterfall. The largest waterfall in the Altai Republic, located within the Altai Nature Reserve.

Ulagan. A major district center with supermarkets. This is where civilization ends. Attractions along the way include the Stone Mushrooms in the Akkurum area, the Katu-Yaryk pass, and the Chulyshman river valley — also very popular places.

Kosh-Agach District — trekking to the glacier, lakes, and megaliths

Kosh-Agach is the coldest point in the Altai Republic during winter. The village is situated in an intermountain basin, hence it has a sharply continental climate. At the same time, according to meteorologists, the Kosh-Agach region is one of the sunniest in Russia. Since 2014, the country’s largest solar power station has been operating here.

Akturu Valley. To get to the ‘Akturu’ alpine camp, first, from the village of Kurai, one must reach Perevalka — an intermediate camp. From there, you need to travel either by a special vehicle or on foot. In ‘Akturu’, you can stay in a cabin, cottage, or tent. The area has baths, a cafe, and showers. The camp’s programs with excursions, accommodation, transportation from and back to Kurai cost 24,000–32,000 rubles (236.00 – 314.66 euros) per person for five days.

The easiest route to the Waterfall Stream and the Small Aktru Glacier takes two to three hours. It does not require any special preparation and is suitable for families with children. A guided tour for a group of five people costs 3000 rubles (29.50 euros). The Big Aktru Glacier (eight kilometers long) and Blue Lake are located 12 kilometers from the camp.

On a separate day, you can ascend to the Teacher’s Pass . The name is associated with the sports society of the same name, which opened a training camp here for teachers in the late 1930s. This pass leads from the Aktru valley to the valley between the peaks of Kyzyl-Tash and Jubilee. From the pass, one of the peaks of the North-Chuya Range , the Dome of the Three Lakes , is visible. It offers a beautiful view of Mount Belukha.

Throughout the Chuya Steppe (the upper course of the Chuya River), there is a huge number of archaeological monuments. For example, in the Elangash river valley, there is a complex of rock paintings stretching 18 kilometers in total. 20 kilometers southwest of the village of Kosh-Agach is the Altai version of Britain’s Stonehenge. An ancient megalithic complex of giant stone slabs over four meters high, arranged in a circle.

Teletskoye Lake — the second largest after Baikal

The village of Artybash is located on the shore of the second-largest freshwater lake in Russia. In Altai, Teletskoye Lake is called ‘Altyn-Köl’ — ‘Golden Lake’. Today, its surroundings are a protected nature reserve.

In summer, a ferry operates on Teletskoye Lake: from Yelangash (Artybash) to Cape Kyrsey (the southern shore of Teletskoye). You can admire the beauty of the lake and all the attractions along the way to Aktash. It also operates in the opposite direction. The ferry crossing for a passenger car costs 10,000–12,000 rubles (98.33 – 118.00 euros), motorcycle — 4,000–6,000 rubles (39.33 – 59.00 euros), pedestrian tourist 1,000–1,500 rubles (9.83 – 14.75 euros).

The most popular waterfall of Teletskoye, Korbu , can only be reached by water. It is 12.5 meters high. Near the bridge connecting Artybash and Yelangash, there are pleasure boats. For 1500 rubles (14.75 euros) per person, they offer tours to view the waterfalls, lasting a couple of hours. If desired, you can also go on the ‘Pioneer of Altai’ ship — but it takes five and a half hours and is more expensive — 1800 rubles (17.70 euros).

Near Korbu is another waterfall, Kishte . It is considered to be the loudest waterfall, although Korbu is taller. You cannot walk near it — it is surrounded by rocks and water, but the boats approach it closely. Opposite is the 80-meter Ayu-Kechpes, and on the western shore is Chedor, near which you can also disembark and walk, as near Korbu.

In Artybash, there are small private museums, such as ‘Ethnopark on Teletskoye’ . It consists of three yurt-museums, one of which recreates the exhibition of a traditional Altai dwelling: with a hearth in the center, and division into male and female sides. The exhibits — various household items — were shared by the indigenous residents of Altai villages over two years before the opening. The museum owner, Synaru Anatpaeva, treats visitors to herbal teas and chegen — one of the most beloved and popular national drinks in the Altai Mountains, made from fermented boiled milk. During such tea sessions, she talks about the traditions and customs of the Altai people, recalls legends about the attractions. Tourists ask about things they find interesting, such as wedding rituals, shamanism, or the history of the people.

In summer, on weekends, concerts are held in the park, where you can listen to ethnic Altai music. In addition to tours, there are workshops on felting, after which visitors leave with souvenirs made by their own hands. The ticket to the ethnographic park costs 400 rubles (3.93 euros), and the museum is closed in winter.

Uimon Valley and Mount Belukha

In the 18th century, Old Believers fled to the Uimon Valley to escape persecution. Later, local legends even suggested that the free country of Belovodye was located in these areas. Indeed, they are suitable places to hide: even today, the road to the villages of Uimon is very difficult and in places dangerous. Gromotukha Pass is a boundary with steep turns and a mound instead of asphalt. After it begins the valley. Mainly, people come here to see the Multinsky Lakes and conquer the highest point of Siberia — Belukha (4506 meters).

Multinsky Lakes. This is a cascade of lakes on the northern slope of the Katun Ridge, formed by a melting glacier in the upper reaches of the Multa River. 30 kilometers from the lakes is the eponymous village. There are several ways to get here: on foot or by truck GAZ-66 (popularly known as ‘shishiga’) or UAZ through off-road — muddy tracks, serpentine, and turbulent rivers. The trip from Multa to the lakes costs 1800–2000 rubles (17.70 – 19.67 euros), from Ust-Koksa — 2000–2500 rubles (19.67 – 24.58 euros).

In Ust-Koksa , there is the largest selection of accommodations, so tourists usually stay here. It is a district center with a population of about 4000 people. The village has a small airport and a bus station. Due to good transport accessibility, it is convenient to plan different routes from here. Tourist bases typically have their own off-road vehicles for taking guests to local attractions, or they collaborate with local drivers.

Another option is to stay closer to the lakes, in Verkh-Uimon, Multa, Maralnik, or Zamulta. These are small villages with populations of 600-700 people, so there are fewer hotels and tourist bases, but many locals rent out houses (from 1500 (14.75 euros) per day). There is not much difference in price. In Ust-Koksa, accommodations are more comfortable and there is a wider choice, but in nearby villages, this is compensated by much more beautiful landscapes — for example, the Gromotukha River and the pass of the same name.

Tourists usually visit three to five of the largest lakes, but there are a total of 42. The Multa River flows through the Upper, Middle, and Lower Multinsky Lakes, and they seem to flow into each other. Transportation usually only goes as far as the Lower Lake — beyond that, vehicles cannot pass. To reach the other lakes, you must cross the river or go around on foot.

Near the Lower Lake, it’s convenient to stay with a tent, where there are a couple of dozen camping spots, several small cabins (400 rubles (3.93 euros) per person, with outdoor washbasins and a fire pit) and a bathhouse (1000 rubles (9.83 euros) per hour), and electricity is provided by generators for a couple of hours a day. In the nearby ‘Multinsky Lakes’ mountain camp, rooms with a bathroom and a warm shower cost from 1200 rubles (11.80 euros) per day, and staying in your own tent on the territory costs 100 rubles (0.98 euros) per day.

To cross to the opposite shore of the Lower Lake, tourists use a motorboat to further access the other lakes. If there are four or more people, the cost is 350 rubles (3.44 euros) per person one way; for one to three people, it’s 1000 rubles (9.83 euros) per boat. It’s also possible to walk around the lake along the shore, about two kilometers.

The shore of the Lower Lake, which serves as the start of the route, is rocky, while the opposite shore is sandy, giving the water a turquoise hue even on cloudy days. The Shumy, the threshold where one lake flows into another, can only be crossed on foot to the Middle Lake. The Upper Lake is another five kilometers away, and a little further is the Katun Biosphere Reserve. Passes must be obtained from the game wardens (150 rubles (1.47 euros)), and a passport is required. A trail through the reserve leads to Lake Kuyguk.

Belukha is 1000 meters lower than Elbrus — the highest peak in Europe, but climbing it is considered more challenging. The mountain changes significantly each year, and the weather around the summit is very variable, with rocks falling due to glacier movements and frequent avalanches. Conquering it without mountaineering experience is not possible.

Therefore, travelers mostly go trekking to the foot of Belukha, but this also requires good physical preparation. Additionally, one must be mentally prepared for rain and cold nights. The routes can vary slightly, but usually, the entire journey takes 10–14 days. Along with guides, tourists set out from the village of Tyungur and visit Lake Ak-Kem, which reflects Belukha, the Ak-Kem Glacier, the Tekelyu Waterfall, the Valley of Seven Lakes, Kucherlinskoe Lake. Some tours include rafting on the Katun. On average, including transfers, the tour costs 25,000–30,000 rubles (245.83 – 295.00 euros).

Nature Worship. The locals greatly respect and value nature and react painfully when they encounter careless or disrespectful behavior. In June, Altaians were outraged by a video in which a Moscow blogger, for some reason, shot at the Katun River, which the indigenous people have revered since ancient times. The reaction was even sharper when a Novosibirsk company launched a mattress into the Geyser Lake with a very fragile ecosystem for an advertisement shooting.

This indignation is easy to understand, and it’s not just about the fear that the pristine beauty could be destroyed. Many Altaians still worship spirits, visit shamans, and perform traditional rituals. Nature is a cult, an animated sanctuary, and a source of pride. It is also a force with which people are closely connected, as the lifestyle of village residents remotely resembles that of their ancestors: many still engage in agriculture, hunting, and livestock breeding.

Influence of Traditions. Tourists often do not know that the colorful ribbons tied to trees in Altai are not for making wishes. Here, it is part of a religious ritual. But due to unawareness, travelers tie any piece of fabric they find to the branches, sometimes even cutting up their colorful clothing. In reality, tying ribbons is an offering to the spirits, for which people specially prepare.

The ceremonial ribbons are called ‘d’yalama’ and ‘kyira’, and they come in four colors, each symbolizing different phenomena. White symbolizes Altai faith and purity; yellow represents the sun and mountain peaks; green symbolizes plants and taiga; blue represents rivers and lakes. The ritual is performed at the new moon, in the morning or during the day. Ribbons are tied on the eastern side, in pairs — because everything on Earth has a pair. Before this, the new fabric is consecrated — fumigated with juniper. One ribbon is usually placed slightly higher as a sign that good is always stronger than evil.

The Altai people still observe old traditions, which are reflected in their daily life and creativity.

Inscriptions on Rocks. Eight thousand years ago, our ancestors left petroglyphs to pass knowledge to other generations. However, writing one’s name in paint on rocks today is of dubious value. Moreover, local volunteers struggle to restore the mountains to their original state. Since 2019, participants of the ‘Clean Altai’ project have been cleaning rocks of inscriptions along the most popular tourist routes: the passes of the Chui tract and the cliffs along the Katun, on the way to Ulagan. The work is costly and labor-intensive: there are many inscriptions, and volunteers spend hours removing paint with a sandblaster from a small area. On challenging passes like Chike-Taman, volunteers require the escort of road services due to the very steep and narrow turns.

What to Bring Back Home

Tourists usually buy honey and herbal balms based on honey, herbal teas, pantogematogen (a drink made from maral antler blood), local natural cosmetics, chocolate with pine nuts, and various cedar souvenirs. Near the passes and close to the attractions, there are always many souvenir shops. However, everything is significantly more expensive in such places, and the balms are often left in the heat for a long time, contradicting storage conditions. Therefore, it’s better to check out the same items at local markets in district centers or specialized phyto-pharmacies. In Gorno-Altaisk, such a pharmacy is located at Protocnaya Street 16/1.

Traffic Jams. During the summer, many residents from neighboring cities — Biysk, Barnaul, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk — come to the Altai Mountains to spend the weekend. Typically, they choose tourist bases and resorts near the city: Manzherok, Ayu, Biyuzovaya Katun, Chemal — places that can be visited in a day before returning for the start of a new work week. Therefore, starting from Friday evening and throughout the weekend, there is increased traffic on the Chui tract, sometimes leading to traffic jams. Serious collapses are rare, but it’s useful to know this feature to plan travel time — for example, not to miss a flight.

Wild Animals. The most common animals you’ll encounter are harmless rodents like chipmunks or squirrels, not bears. In the forests, be cautious of snakes. The likelihood of encountering a bear during a stop is very low — the brown bear is a cautious creature and usually does not want to encounter humans. In the summer of 2021, bears were spotted several times at Teletskoye Lake — where the Katun Biosphere Reserve is located. Who is more dangerous in such encounters — human to bear or bear to human — is a debatable question. In most cases, bears are scared of humans and run away, especially if the encounter occurs in a populated area .

Tick Season starts in spring and ends in autumn. Park areas and tourist bases are treated for dangerous insects, but if you plan to hike or take long walks in nature, it’s better to get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis (the most serious disease transmitted by ticks) before the trip. The procedure usually consists of three stages. The first vaccine is given in the fall to prepare for the spring-summer epidemic, then another one in early winter. The third vaccination is done 9-12 months after the first. After that, the body will develop immunity for about three years.

If you don’t want to bother or if there’s little time before the trip, you can buy tick insurance. It’s sold by most insurance companies and costs about 400 rubles (3.93 euros). This amount can save money if you are bitten by a tick infected with encephalitis or Lyme disease. Without insurance, immunoglobulin injections for a person weighing 60-70 kilograms will cost at least 8000 rubles (78.67 euros).

Where to Stay

Accommodation in the Altai Mountains can be found to suit any taste and budget. If you go during the peak tourist season, it’s better to book accommodations in advance — at least a couple of months ahead. In Altai, the rule is – the closer to district centers, the greater the choice of comfortable accommodations.

Finding a place for a tent is not difficult. Tourists most often stay near the banks of the Katun River, where there are many organized camping sites. However, it’s most comfortable to camp on the territories of tourist bases: they are usually guarded and treated for ticks, and amenities include a bathhouse or shower. The price per person is on average about 150 rubles (1.47 euros) per day. But there won’t be much unity with nature or romantic campfire gatherings here.

The perfect combination of comfort and nature is glamping, but they usually only operate in summer. Glamping sites are often located in beautiful natural areas, and tourists stay in large tents, sleep on soft beds, and the site has showers with hot water and offers meals and organized excursions. Prices vary depending on the level of comfort. For example, a double yurt in “Ethno House Yurt” in the village of Aktash costs 1500 rubles (14.75 euros) per day, with shower and toilet in a separate building. In “Cheposh Park,” the minimum price for a double tent with a shower is about 5000 rubles (49.17 euros).

Here are a few more options: “Saikol” three kilometers from the village of Kurai, Cloud Park Altay in the Chemal district, the tent mini-hotel “Forest and Sea” in the Kosh-Agach district, and “Taigala” near Chibit.

How to Get There. In 2023, traveling from Europe or the UK to Gorno-Altaysk in the Altai Republic involves a series of connecting flights, as there are no direct flights to this destination.

One option is to fly to Istanbul, Turkey, utilizing airlines like Turkish Airlines, which offers extensive connections from various European cities. From Istanbul Airport (IST), you can then take a flight with Pegasus Airlines or Turkish Airlines to Russian cities like Moscow or Novosibirsk.

Another option is to fly to Yerevan, Armenia, with airlines such as Air France, Lufthansa, or British Airways offering flights to Zvartnots International Airport (EVN) in Yerevan. From Yerevan, you can take a connecting flight to Moscow with airlines like Aeroflot or Armenia Aircompany.

Direct flights to Gorno-Altaysk are available from Moscow, Kazan, Novosibirsk, and Krasnoyarsk. With the start of the summer tourist season, Nordwind Airlines offers direct flights from St. Petersburg. A round-trip ticket from Moscow to Gorno-Altaysk costs on average between 6000 to 15,000 rubles (59.00 – 147.50 euros). It’s also possible to fly to Barnaul (700 kilometers from Gorno-Altaysk), Novokuznetsk (800 km), or Novosibirsk (900 km), and then travel to Gorno-Altaysk by land transport. A ticket to Novosibirsk costs 5000–10,000 rubles (49.17 – 98.33 euros), plus an additional 3000 rubles (29.50 euros) for a bus and another seven hours on the road.

The nearest railway station to Gorno-Altaysk is located in Biysk, 100 kilometers away. To reach the capital of Altai, you’ll need to travel by bus or taxi. From Moscow to Biysk, the train journey takes two days, and a one-way ticket costs about 7000 rubles (68.83 euros). There are also trains from Novosibirsk and Barnaul.

These routes may involve overnight layovers, so it’s advisable to plan for potential stays in transit cities.

Getting Around the Republic. During the summer, Let 410 planes from “Siberian Light Aviation” with a capacity of 19 passengers fly to remote district centers from Gorno-Altaysk. There are flights to villages like Kosh-Agach and Ust-Koksa, with one-way tickets starting from 1500 rubles (14.75 euros). The journey takes about an hour. It’s a great opportunity to quickly reach your destination and experience flying in a small plane. Bus number 103 runs from the airport to the bus station in Gorno-Altaysk. A taxi ride would cost about 300 rubles (2.95 euros). Traveling to Kosh-Agach from Gorno-Altaysk by car takes no less than eight hours.

Daily scheduled buses run from Gorno-Altaysk to the most popular tourist destinations. The bus station does not have its own website, but it has an official Instagram account with a link to E-traffic , where you can view the schedule and buy tickets. Main destinations include Manzherok (about 120 rubles (1.18 euros)), Chemal (350 rubles (3.44 euros)), Onguday and Shebalino (400 rubles (3.93 euros)), Turochak and Artybash (500 rubles), Ust-Koksa and Multa (1000 rubles (9.83 euros)), Kosh-Agach and Tyungur (1500 rubles (14.75 euros)). An alternative is to find carpooling options on BlaBlaCar or rent a car. For example, on Booking Car , the minimum price for a car is 1700 rubles (16.72 euros) per day. Car rental services “Za Rulem” (Communist Avenue, 81, bldg. 2) and Arget (Biyskaya Street, 23) offer cars for an average of 2700 rubles (26.55 euros) per day.

When to Visit

In Altai, the climate is sharply continental: winter doesn’t hold back on frosts, and summer on heat. The weather greatly depends on the region, but in Gorno-Altaisk and the nearby villages, the warmest month is July. The average temperature is around plus 19 degrees Celsius, and heat up to plus 36 degrees can last for a couple of weeks. Nonetheless, even if traveling in the middle of summer, you should bring warm clothes. For example, the temperature on mountain passes is five to six degrees lower than on the plains.

Winter. In winter, people primarily come to Altai for picturesque landscapes and ski resorts. In Gorno-Altaisk, you can ski or snowboard on Komsomolka (402 meters) — an easy track suitable for beginners. The neighboring Tugaya mountain is designed for those with more serious sports training. But lovers of active recreation often choose ski resorts outside the city: ‘Manzherok,’ ‘Teletsky,’ or the ‘Semin Pass’ training center. Initially envisioned as a base for training athletes, it is now open to tourists.

Spring. At the end of April to early May in Altai, the red rhododendron blooms — this endangered shrub covers the mountains and rocks with bright pink flowers. Residents of nearby cities often come during the May holidays to see the bloom. There is especially a lot of rhododendron in the Mayminsky, Chemalsky, Ongudaysky districts, and beyond the Chike-Taman pass. Spring is also the best time to see waterfalls as they are full-flowing.

Summer and Autumn. In summer and autumn, there are more options available — from contemplating natural expanses to trekking in the mountains or off-roading in uninhabited areas. By mid-September, one of the main rivers, the Katun, becomes strikingly turquoise — the water changes color several times a year.

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Anthem:
Show map of Russia Show map of Altai Krai
Coordinates: 83°46′35″E / 53.34861°N 83.77639°E / 53.34861; 83.77639
Country
Established	1730
City status since	1771
Government
• Body	City Duma
• Head	Vyacheslav Frank
Area
• Total	940 km (360 sq mi)
Elevation	180 m (590 ft)
Population ( Census)
• Total	612,401
• Estimate	632,372 (+3.3%)
• Rank	in 2010
• Density	650/km (1,700/sq mi)
• Subordinated to
•  of	, City of krai significance of Barnaul
• Urban okrug	Barnaul Urban Okrug
•  of	Barnaul Urban Okrug
	(   )
	+7 3852
ID	01701000001
City Day	One of the weekend days in August or September
Website

• Barnaul ( Russian : Барнау́л , .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%} IPA: [ bərnɐˈul ] ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Altai Krai , Russia , located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob Rivers in the West Siberian Plain . As of the 2021 census , its population was   630,877, [14] making it the 20th-largest city in Russia and the fourth-largest in the Siberian Federal District . Contents Administrative and municipal status

( : Барнау́л IPA: bərnɐˈul] and of , , located at the of the and in the . As of the , its population was 630,877, making it the and the fourth-largest in the .

Located in the south of on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy family, who intended to develop the production of and , which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.

Barnaul is the of the krai. Within the , it is, together with the of and twenty-four , incorporated as the of Barnaul – an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the . As a , the city of krai significance of Barnaul is incorporated as .

Barnaul is located in the zone of the , on the left bank of the , at its confluence with the .

The is 345 km (210 mi) to the south, which makes Barnaul the closest major city to the . The city is also situated relatively close to the Russian and the .

.

The area around the city has been inhabited by , and , for hundreds of thousands of years. They settled here to take advantage of the confluence of the rivers, used for transportation and fishing. In the late BC millennia, the locality was a centre of activity for and various .

While 1730 is considered Barnaul's official establishment date, its first mention dates back to 1724. It was granted city status in 1771. Chosen for its proximity to the mineral-rich Altai Mountains and its location on a major river, it was founded by the wealthy family. The Demidovs wanted to develop the in the mountains, and soon found substantial deposits of silver as well. In 1747, the Demidovs' factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became the centre of silver production of the Russian Empire.

In 1914, Barnaul was the site of the largest riot in Russia during . There were more than 100 casualties from the fighting.

Maria Stepanovna (née Zudilova) (1912–1996) was born and lived as a child in this city. She later became the mother of American actresses (born Natalia Zakharenko) and (born Lana Gurdin). Her father Stepan was killed in the 1918 street fighting between the Whites and Reds following the Revolution. Afterward her mother took Maria and her siblings as refugees to . Maria married a Russian there, and they had a daughter Olga together. Maria eventually immigrated with Olga to the United States, where she married another Russian immigrant, from Vladivostok, and had two daughters with him.

Over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in is estimated to have been manufactured in Barnaul.

In 2012, when residents of Barnaul were denied a permit for a street protest, they ingeniously circumvented the restriction by staging a demonstration with toys such as teddy bears, Lego figures, and toy soldiers holding signs denouncing electoral corruption. The photos of these rebellious figurines quickly spread across Russia, prompting others to replicate the protest. Faced with an awkward dilemma, Putin's government decided to ban the toy protests, asserting that toys, not being Russian citizens, were ineligible to participate in public gatherings, as explained by a government official.

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Barnaul was:

Ethnicity	Population	Percentage
	492,285	95.9%
	2,701	0.5%
	2,644	0.5%
	1,759	0.3%
	1,668	0.3%
Other Ethnicities	12,398	2.4%

Historical population

Year
1897	21,073	—
1926	73,206	+247.4%
1939	148,162	+102.4%
1959	305,046	+105.9%
1970	439,134	+44.0%
1979	533,263	+21.4%
1989	601,811	+12.9%
2002	600,749	−0.2%
2010	612,401	+1.9%
2021	630,877	+3.0%
Source: Russian Census

Barnaul is an important industrial centre of Western Siberia . There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120,000 people. Leading industries include diesel and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear. [22] The Barnaul Cartridge Plant , a major manufacturer of small-arms ammunition, is located in the city.

Transportation

Barnaul is located on the South Siberian, Turk–Sib and Omsk–Barnaul railway lines. [23]

Barnaul has public transport of Buses, Minibuses, Trolleybuses, Trams and Taxies. Intercity bus routes are operate to Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Biysk, Rubtsovsk and other cities. Also there are bus routes to Kazakhstan cities Oskemen, Pavlodar.

Barnaul International Airport is located 16 kilometres West of the city center. It is served by airlines such as Aeroflot, S7, Nordwind, Iraero and Ural Airlines. It has regular flights to Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Surgut etc.

The humid continental climate of Barnaul ( Köppen Dfb ) is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian forest steppe : it is subject to long winters, with an average of −15.5   °C (4.1   °F) in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of 19.9   °C (67.8   °F) in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below −45   °C (−49   °F) in the winter to above 35   °C (95   °F) in the summer.

The climate is relatively dry. The average precipitation in the area is 433   mm (17.0   in) per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season. This means snow packs can be quite moderate in spite of the cold temperatures.

Climate data for Barnaul (1991–2020, extremes 1838–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	5.3 (41.5)	7.4 (45.3)	16.4 (61.5)	32.3 (90.1)	37.4 (99.3)	38.5 (101.3)	37.9 (100.2)	38.3 (100.9)	34.4 (93.9)	27.4 (81.3)	16.6 (61.9)	7.2 (45.0)	38.5 (101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−11.4 (11.5)	−7.8 (18.0)	0.2 (32.4)	11.5 (52.7)	20.2 (68.4)	24.8 (76.6)	26.3 (79.3)	24.5 (76.1)	17.6 (63.7)	9.6 (49.3)	−2.2 (28.0)	−8.8 (16.2)	8.7 (47.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−16.2 (2.8)	−13.6 (7.5)	−5.7 (21.7)	5.0 (41.0)	12.9 (55.2)	18.2 (64.8)	19.9 (67.8)	17.6 (63.7)	11.0 (51.8)	4.0 (39.2)	−6.2 (20.8)	−13.1 (8.4)	2.8 (37.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−20.7 (−5.3)	−18.7 (−1.7)	−10.9 (12.4)	−0.3 (31.5)	6.4 (43.5)	12.0 (53.6)	14.2 (57.6)	11.8 (53.2)	5.6 (42.1)	−0.2 (31.6)	−9.9 (14.2)	−17.6 (0.3)	−2.4 (27.7)
Record low °C (°F)	−48.2 (−54.8)	−46.1 (−51.0)	−38.9 (−38.0)	−27.6 (−17.7)	−8.8 (16.2)	−1.2 (29.8)	2.9 (37.2)	0.0 (32.0)	−7.8 (18.0)	−27.0 (−16.6)	−42.8 (−45.0)	−43.9 (−47.0)	−48.2 (−54.8)
Average mm (inches)	23 (0.9)	18 (0.7)	19 (0.7)	28 (1.1)	41 (1.6)	54 (2.1)	72 (2.8)	45 (1.8)	36 (1.4)	35 (1.4)	40 (1.6)	32 (1.3)	443 (17.4)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)	38 (15)	47 (19)	45 (18)	6 (2.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.4)	8 (3.1)	23 (9.1)	47 (19)
Average rainy days	0.4	1	3	12	17	16	17	15	16	14	6	1	118
Average snowy days	22	20	16	9	2	0.1	0	0	1	10	18	24	122
Average (%)	78	76	74	63	55	64	70	70	69	73	79	79	71
Mean monthly	77	112	178	218	272	315	320	265	199	109	75	64	2,204
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net
Source 2: NOAA (sun only, 1961–1990)

Notable people

• Alexander von Bunge , botanist, worked in Barnaul
• Maria Butina , alleged agent of the US, and member of the State Duma
• Aleksey Chuklin , racing driver
• Pyotr Kozmitch Frolov , scientist and inventor
• Valery Kopytov , serial killer
• Tatyana Kotova , Olympic champion in long jump
• Kirill Marchenko , NHL professional ice hockey player
• Julia Neigel , singer, songwriter
• Ivan Nifontov , World champion and Olympic medalist in Judo
• Alexey Novikov-Priboy , writer
• Ivan Polzunov , inventor, creator of the first two-cylinder engine in the world
• Anastasiia Salos , European and world medalist rhythmic gymnast
• Konstantin Scherbakov , pianist
• Sergey Shubenkov , track and field athlete, 2015 world champion [26]
• Nadezhda Shuvayeva-Olkhova , Olympic champion in basketball
• Alexey Smertin , former captain of the Russia national football team
• Rita Streich , coloratura soprano
• Andrei Svechnikov , professional NHL ice hockey player
• Evgeny Svechnikov , professional NHL and KHL ice hockey player
• Nikolai Yadrintsev , explorer and archeologist, discoveries include the Orkhon script , Genghis Khan 's capital, Karakorum
• Mikhail Yakubov , NHL and KHL professional ice hockey player
• Mikhail Yevdokimov , comedian and former governor of Altai Krai
• Maxim Zimin , racing driver
• Maria Zudilova, mother of Natalie Wood

Twin towns – sister cities

Barnaul is twinned with: [27] [28]

• Nagorny Park
• Tsentralny City District, Barnaul
• Timeline of Barnaul

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• 1 2 3 4 5 Law #28-ZS
• ↑ According to Article   5 of the Charter of Barnaul, the official symbols of the city Archived 24 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine include only a flag and a coat of arms.
• 1 2 3 Charter of Barnaul, Article   4
• ↑ Charter of Barnaul, Article   37
• ↑ Charter of Barnaul, Article   46
• ↑ Official website of Barnaul. Geography Archived 2 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20180726010024/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar . Archived from the original on 26 July 2018 . Retrieved 25 July 2018 . {{ cite web }} : Missing or empty | title= ( help )
• 1 2 Charter of Altai Krai, Article   6
• 1 2 3 Law #144-ZS
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011 . Retrieved 19 January 2019 .
• ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. ( Russian Post ). Поиск объектов почтовой связи ( Postal Objects Search ) (in Russian)
• ↑ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved 1 September 2022 .
• ↑ Minns, Ellis Hovell (13 January 2011). Scythians and Greeks: A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus . Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-108-02487-7 . Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Google Books.
• ↑ "Пятые Бородавкинские чтения" . new.hist.asu.ru . Archived from the original on 25 July 2012 . Retrieved 1 January 2018 .
• ↑ Sanborn, Josh. "The Mobilization of 1917 and the Question of the Russian Nation." Slavic Review, Vol. 59, No. 2: pp. 267-89.
• 1 2 Lambert, Gavin (2004). Natalie Wood: A Life, London: Faber and Faber, p.8. ISBN   978-0-571-22197-4
• ↑ "Барнаульские патроны" . Archived from the original on 15 January 2000.
• ↑ VanHise, James L. (21 September 2021). "Dilemma Actions: The Power of Putting your Opponent in a Bind" . The Commons Social Change Library . Retrieved 12 August 2024 .
• ↑ "Национальный состав населения" . Rosstat . Retrieved 19 August 2023 .
• ↑ "Власть" . Archived from the original on 27 October 2012 . Retrieved 28 March 2015 .
• ↑ "Barnaul" . Encyclopaedia Britannica . Retrieved 8 November 2019 .
• ↑ "Weather And Climate – Climate Barnaul" (in Russian) . Retrieved 8 November 2021 .
• ↑ "Climate Normals for Barnaul" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 2 November 2021 .
• ↑ "Сергей Шубенков выиграл "золото" на Чемпионате мира по лёгкой атлетике в Пекине" . Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 . Retrieved 1 January 2018 .
• ↑ "США, Испания и Китай: в каких еще странах у Барнаула есть города-побратимы?" . tolknews.ru (in Russian). Tolk. 31 October 2020 . Retrieved 30 November 2020 .
• ↑ "Град Шумен – Как да ни намерите" . tourism-shumen.com (in Bulgarian). Tourism Shumen . Retrieved 14 July 2020 .
• Барнаульская городская Дума.   Решение   №789   от   20 июня 2008 г. «Устав городского округа   — города Барнаула Алтайского края», в ред. Решения №766 от   31 марта 2017 г.   «О внесении изменений в Устав городского округа   — города Барнаула Алтайского края (в ред. Решения от 16.12.2016 №706)». Вступил в силу   со дня официального опубликования (15 июля 2008 г.) (за исключением отдельных положений, вступивших в силу в иные сроки). Опубликован: "Вечерний Барнаул", №103, 15 июля 2008 г. (Barnaul City Duma.   Decision   # 789   of   June   20, 2008 Charter of the Urban Okrug—the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai , as amended by the Decision   # 766 of   March   31, 2017 On Amending the Charter of the Urban Okrug—the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai (rev. #706 of December   16, 2016) . Effective as of   the day of the official publication (July   15, 2008) (with the exception of clauses which take effect on different dates).).
• Алтайское краевое Законодательное Собрание.   №3-ЗС   5 июня 1995 г. «Устав (основной закон) Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №118-ЗС от   1 декабря 2015 г.   «О внесении изменений в Устав (Основной Закон) Алтайского края». Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №100, 14 июня 1995 г. (Altai Krai Legislative Assembly.   # 3-ZS   June   5, 1995 Charter (Basic Law) of Altai Krai , as amended by the Law   # 118-ZS of   December   1, 2015 On Amending the Charter (Basic Law) of Altai Krai . ).
• Алтайский краевой Совет народных депутатов.   Закон   №28-ЗС   от   1 марта 2008 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №16-ЗС от   4 апреля 2017 г.   «О присоединении станции Железнодорожная Казарма 572 км к посёлку Октябрьскому Октябрьского сельсовета Кулундинского района Алтайского края и внесении изменений в отдельные законы Алтайского края». Вступил в силу   8 марта 2008 г. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №67, 8 марта 2008 г. (Altai Krai Council of People's Deputies.   Law   # 28-ZS   of   March   1, 2008 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Altai Krai , as amended by the Law   # 16-ZS of   April   4, 2017 On Merging the Station of Zheleznodorozhnaya Kazarma 572 km into the Settlement of Oktyabrsky in Oktyabrsky Selsoviet of Kulundinsky District of Altai Krai and on Amending Various Laws of Altai Krai . Effective as of   March   8, 2008.).
• Алтайское краевое Законодательное Собрание.   Закон   №144-ЗС   от   27 декабря 2008 г. «О статусе и границах муниципального и административно-территориального образования город Барнаул Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №44-ЗС от   2 июля 2009 г   «О внесении изменений в Приложение   1 к Закону Алтайского края "О статусе и границах муниципального и административно-территориального образования город Барнаул Алтайского края"». Вступил в силу   через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №5–6, 15 января 2009 г. (Altai Krai Legislative Assembly.   Law   # 144-ZS   of   December   27, 2008 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formation of the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai , as amended by the Law   # 44-ZS of   July   2, 2009 On Amending Appendix   1 of the Law of Altai Krai "On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formation of the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai" . Effective as of   the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).

External links

• "Barnaul"   . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol.   3 (11th   ed.). 1911.
• Official website of Barnaul (in Russian)
• Directory of organizations in Barnaul (in Russian)

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The yachts owned by celebrities

How can someone who is recognised everywhere get away from it all? On a superyacht, of course. Yachts owned by celebrities range in style and size, but one thing that unite these vessels is their owner's love for the sea. Our round-up features the famous faces of British footballer David Beckham, tennis superstar Rafael Nadal, martial artist Conor McGregor and fashion designer Giorgio Armani. 

Unknown owned by Zlatan Ibrahimovic

Swedish striker Zlatan Ibrahimović took delivery of the second hull in Benetti 's 34M Oasis, named Unknown , in 2022.  The 34 metre superyacht has had a busy maiden season, cruising around the emerald coasts of Sardinia showing off her trademarked Oasis deck and RWD -designed exterior. Ibrahimović has posted the yacht on social media extensively, with videos of him and his friends playing with a drone and putting her huge locker of water toys - which includes a floating dock - to good use. The Oasis 34M follows in the footsteps of the highly popular Oasis 40M, the first hull of which, Rebeca , is owned by champion powerboat racer Tim Ciasulli.

More about this yacht

Seven owned by david beckham.

Ex-England football star and Inter Miami owner David Beckham has been revealed as the owner of a 28 metre Riva Argo 90 . Named after Beckham's iconic football shirt number, Seven was launched in October 2021 and constructed in GRP. Studio Officina Italiana Design penned the yacht both inside and out, while Ferretti Engineering Department oversaw her naval architecture. Stand out design features include the sun lounging space on the foredeck, while twin MTU diesel engines power her to a top speed of 30 knots. 

Tecnomar for Lamborghini 63 owned by Conor McGregor

UFC fighter Conor McGregor has been revealed as the owner of a recently completed Tecnomar For Lamborghini 63 yacht . The 19.2 metre yacht is a crossover of the two brands and designed to satisfy owners who enjoy superyachts and supercars. McGregor’s yacht features a distinctive gold hull paint and will feature the same materials as a Lamborghini supercar. Inspired by Lamborghini’s Siàn FKP 37 model, Tecnomar For Lamborghini features an aerodynamic profile and special “carbon skin”.

Viva a Vida owned by Tom Brady

NFL superstar Tom Brady took delivery of a 16 metre custom cruiser from Dutch builder Wajer towards the end of 2020 after signing a $50 million contract with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The quarterback is clearly a keen fan of the Wajer yachts after he recently announced he had commissioned a larger mode, the Wajer 77. The Wajer 55S, christened Viva a Vida , sports a baby blue hull and is powered by three 435hp Volvo Penta engines guaranteeing a wild ride with speeds in excess of 40 knots. A walkaround centre console allows guests to make the most of the deck space available with stowage for SeaBobs and other toys concealed beneath the aft stairway. Below deck, the Wajer 55S offers accommodation for four. Other cool features include push-button fenders and an extendable swim platform. The 55S is the souped-up version of its older sibling, the Wajer 55 , and comes from the boards of Dutch design studio Sinot Exclusive Yacht Design . 

Great White owned by Rafael Nadal

Tennis ace  Rafael Nadal  is the proud new owner of a Sunreef 80 Power superyacht , which was delivered in June 2020. Nadal commissioned the catamaran after previously chartering a number of Sunreef catamarans and meeting yard founder and president Francis Lapp at the 2018 Cannes Yachting Festival. This is not his first foray into yachting however. Nadal previously owned a  Monte Carlo Yachts  76 named  Beethoven  which he bought in 2016. Nadal has spoken openly about his love of yachting and his decision to invest in a yacht, telling  Boat International , "Because I have a yacht, I am able to forget about everything and get away from that tiring stress. I do have a real passion for [superyachts]. It is rare that I see a superyacht from a distance and I don’t know its name. I know them all!"

Main owned by Giorgio Armani

Fashion designer Giorgio Armani has recently celebrated 40 years of life at sea  and of course the fashion icon has a suitably stylish yacht. Enter the 65 metre Codecasa yacht Main , owned by Giorgio Armani, which has been designed inside and out with input from Armani. The exterior of the yacht is in an unusual dark green colour, which suits the angular, military-inspired exterior lines. Inside, the yacht has a muted palette and features wow factors in a spiral staircase, gym, cinema and guest accommodation for 12.

Vendetta owned by Billy Joel

The modern classic commuter yacht Vendetta is just one of the many yachts that Billy Joel has owned. The "Piano Man" is a yacht fanatic, to the extent that he's even a celebrity yacht designer . Designed by Doug Zurn, the 17 metre Vendetta was created to be a true replica of the classic gentleman's commuter launches that were popularised in the 1920s for their quick speed to run down the Long Island Sound and into New York City. True to the intended form of the vessels, Billy Joel told BOAT International  that he has used the yacht to run from his home in Long Island to the City to perform in a concert. At one point, Billy Joel owned five yachts, including 29 metre Inace explorer yacht Audacious (re-named Miss Sarah J ) ,  which he converted to house a few of his motorcycles. Fresh from a refit, Vendetta has recently joined the brokerage market and is listed for sale with Fraser .

Infinity owned by NBA star Tony Parker

In December 2018, Turkish yard AvA Yachts announced that it had sold the second hull in its 35 metre Kando 110 series to NBA star Tony Parker and the yacht was delivered two years later. Named Infinity , the steel and aluminium full displacement yacht will feature a bulbous bow and has been designed in-house. The 340GT yacht will accommodate 12 guests in six cabins with crew quarters for six including a separate captain’s double cabin. The four-decked yacht will feature a “light, contemporary interior décor” chosen by the basketball star and his wife, who are said to have put the yard through a rigorous selection process before choosing AvA for their new build.

Freedom owned by Roberto Cavalli

Much secrecy surrounded the construction of fashion designer Roberto Cavalli’s yacht until it was delivered in 2018. Built by Italian shipyard Cerri Cantieri Navali , the 27-metre Freedom was designed by Tommaso Spadolini in collaboration with her owner. According to Cavalli, the inspiration for the yacht’s design was the aesthetic of batman’s superhero batmobile. This explains the severe lines, jet black exterior and tinted windows which make up the yacht’s distinctive appearance. on board, Cavalli’s signature animal-print furnishings adorn the cabins and saloons. Freedom can accommodate six guests and three crew members and has two dining areas on board. Powered by three water jet engines, Freedom’s moderate size means that she can reach a top speed of 40 knots.

Eos owned by Diane von Furstenburg

Launched by  Lürssen in 2006, 93 metre sailing yacht Eos was bought by fashion designer Diane von Furstenburg and her husband IAC Chairman Barry Diller in 2009. The schooner features exterior design by Bill Langan and interior design by Francois Catroux with accommodation for 16 guests and 21 crew. Diller and von Furstenburg often use the yacht to host a star-studded group of friends with Bravo host Andy Cohen the latest celebrity spotted on this superyacht .

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There are two large regions called Altai: the Altai Republic with the administrative center in Gorno-Altaysk and the Altai Krai with its capital Barnaul. The most famous attractions are in the Altai Mountains, but you can also spend some great days in Altai Krai. Here I am telling you where to go in the Altai Krai to have a great time.

Visit Belokurikha - to walk along a terrenkur

Visit Altayskoye - to learn all about Altai herbs

Visit Basargino and experience life in a modern village

Basargino looks like it was created in some kind of computer simulation game. And there, on a little piece of land you need to arrange cozy wooden comfortable houses, a farm, a church, a cafe and a restaurant with insanely delicious meals, an apiary, lakes with fish, a chicken coop and pastures. You also should have cows, pigs, goats and sheep. And also wolves and yaks to make the visitors even more delighted.

Visit the forge in Belokurikha and forge a horseshoe for good luck 

There is not a feminine equivalent for a blacksmith, therefore I will simply introduce Anna Biletskaya as the blacksmith. Anna, armed with a heavy hammer and an anvil, is able to forge a horseshoe for a horse in 15 minutes and a decorative horseshoe for luck in only 10 minutes. Well the last one is more in demand lately. Anna opened her smithy to visitors a few years ago. This blacksmith in a skirt shows the whole process during her short master classes: first heat a piece of metal over a fire, then take a hammer and beat it well on the anvil, pull it back, then bend it and put it back into the fire. Finally, cool and clean it.

Visit "The Gold of Altai"(Zoloto Altaya) - to bath in Sanduny or to ride a horse

A hot bath filled with herbs such as hypericum, yarrow, camomile and also a rejuvenating bathtub -  these are the Russian answer to the best Asian spa with plumeria flowers. Well, the Altai version looks more brutal, but you will quickly feel the great effect. The herbs are collected and specially prepared here, in "The Gold of Altai" eco-hotel on the shore of the lake. Bathhouses are warmed up in both old Russian traditional ways: the "black" banya (a smoke goes out of bathhouse through cracks in wooden walls) and the "white" banya (a smoke goes out of the bathhouse through a pipe). The professional bath attendants will help guests adjust the right amount of steam and smack them briskly all over their bodies with special bath brooms. The largest horse farm in this district is also located in the hotel area; you should not miss the chance to ride a horse at least around the local territory.

What else to do in Altai:

• Take a walk through the pine forest near Barnaul
• Stop by the village of Srostki, where Vasily Shukshin (the soviet movie director) was born
• Spend a day at the "Biruzovaya Katun" Resort
• Take a walk along Biysk and visit the museum of the Chuysky Tract
• Relax in the "Altay Palace", check-in to the only official gaming zone in Siberia
• Go to Lake Aya

You can see the photo report about Altai Krai and Altai Mountains here .

Also read about Altai: The Princess of Ukok The most beautiful places of the Altai Mountains Looking for a snow leopard A female Blacksmith: The Mother-anvil Karakol Valley: Protected by Spirits Translation: Irina Romanova, Instagram:   @astrabella1

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