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America’s Cup boats: 8 facts about the AC75 and why they’re unique

• Toby Heppell
• August 20, 2024

The America's Cup boats to be used on the 2024 edition of the event are immensely complicated high tech bits of kit. They might be officially sailing craft but they behave in some remarkable ways

The AC75 is the class of boat that takes part in the America’s Cup and are arguably the most radical boats the compeition has ever seen.  This type of America’s Cup boat was first used in the 2021 America’s Cup so this is the second event in which these boats have been used.  

The America’s Cup is, fundamentally, a design competition, and successive America’s Cups have featured the most extreme yachts yet – for their time – ever since the first race in 1851.

However, the foiling boats we have seen in the last four editions of America’s Cup racing (the AC72 and AC50 catamarans, and now the AC75 monohulls) do represent a new direction for the highest level of sailing.

There are plenty who argue that this technology is so far beyond the bounds of what most people consider sailing as to be an entirely different sport. Equally, there are those who believe this is simply a continuation of the development that the America’s Cup has always pushed to the fore, from Bermudan rigs, to composite materials, winged keels, and everything in between.

Good arguments can be made either way and foiling in the world’s oldest sporting trophy will always be a subjective and controversial topic. But one thing is certain: the current America’s Cup boats, the AC75s, are unlike anything seen before and are showcasing to the world just what is possible under sail power alone.

Photo: Ian Roman / America’s Cup

1 Unimaginable speed

Topping the 50-knot barrier used to be the preserve of extreme speed record craft and kiteboarders. A World Speed Sailing Record was set in 2009 of 51.36 knots by Alain Thebault in his early foiling trimaran, Hydroptere , and was bested in 2010 by kite boarder, Alexandre Caizergues who managed 54.10 knots.

Only one craft has ever topped 60-knots, the asymmetric Vestas Sail Rocket 2 , which was designed for straight line speed only and could no more get around an America’s Cup course than cross an ocean. Such records are set by sailing an average speed over the course of 500m, usually over a perfectly straight, flat course in optimum conditions.

America’s Cup class yachts, designed to sail windward/leeward courses around marks, are now hitting speeds that just over a decade ago were the preserve of specialist record attempts, while mid-race. American Magic has been recorded doing 53.31 knots on their first version of the AC75 class, Patriot.

Perhaps even more impressive, in the right conditions when racing we have seen some boats managing 40 knots of boatspeed upwind in around 17 knots of wind. That is simply unheard of in performance terms and almost unimaginable just three or so years ago.

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2 A storm onboard the AC75

Related to the speeds the boats are sailing through the water, particularly upwind, is the wind speeds the sailors will feel on deck.

When sailing, the forward motion affects the wind we experience onboard, known as apparent wind. The oft’ trotted out explanation of how apparent wind works is to imagine driving your car at 50mph. Roll down the window and stick your hand out of it and there will be 50mph of wind hitting your hand from the direction your car is travelling.

So when an AC75 is sailing upwind in 18 knots of breeze at a boatspeed of 40 knots, the crew on deck will be experiencing 40 knots of wind over the decks plus a percentage of the true wind speed – depending on their angle to the wind.

The AC75 crews might be sailing in only 18 knots of breeze – what would feel like a decent summer breeze on any other boat – but they experience winds of around 50 knots.

To put that into context, that is a storm force 10 on the Beaufort scale!

3 Righting moment changes

The single most radical development of the AC75 is to take a 75ft ‘keelboat’, but put no keel on it whatsoever.

When the then America’s Cup Defender and the Challenger of Record, Emirates Team New Zealand and Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli respectively, announced that the 36th America’s Cup (to be held in 2021) would be sailed in 75ft monohulls, conventional wisdom had it that the boats would look something like a TP52 or a Maxi72 – both impressively high performance keelboats.

By doing away with the keel entirely, the design is now like nothing we have ever seen, particularly when it comes to how dynamic the power transition is between foiling and not foiling.

The boats are designed to foil on the leeward foil, with the windward one raised to help increase righting moment: to help balance the boat. This means that when the AC75 is not foiling they are extremely tippy – much more so than most other boats of the same size.

Essentially, when the wind catches the sails, the boat wants to fall over as there is too much sail area for the amount of weight underneath the boat – something a lead keel usually counters on a yacht or keelboat.

Once the boat is up and on the foils, however, that all changes, as everything to windward of the single foil in the water balances the sails. That means, the hull, the crew weight, the sail and rig weight, and the windward foil, all work to counter the sails.

What all this means is that the boats go from being extremely tippy, to hugely powerful in just the few seconds it takes to get up on the foil. “The [AC75s] are really very tippy pre-foiling and then they go through the transition where they will need to build significant power. Then immediately [once they lift off] you have more stability than, well, take your pick, but certainly more righting moment than something like a Volvo 70 with a big canting keel.

“That change all happens in a very short space of time,” explained Burns Fallow of North Sails, who was one of the team who developed the soft wing concept back when the concept was revealed.

Photo: Ricardo Pinto / America’s Cup

4 ‘Cyclors’ return to power America’s Cup boats

Bak in 2017 Emirates Team New Zealand stormed to America’s Cup victory in an AC50 foiling catamaran which was, by some margin, quicker than any of the other teams.

The most glaring difference was their use of pedal grinders to produce power rather than traditional pedestal arm grinders. ETNZ’s sci-fi style term for their grinders was ‘cyclors’, cyclist sailors.

The idea had actually been tried before in the America’s Cup; Pelle Petterson used pedal grinders on the 12-metre Sverige in 1977. But ETNZ’s set-up now was very different: here it was part of a linked chain of innovations, the most obvious emblem of a radical approach.

One obvious benefit was the greater power output from using legs to pedal, but beyond this it left cyclists’ hands free and allowed the team to use a highly sophisticated system of fingertip control systems, and thus to use faster, less stable foils, and then to divide up crew roles so ETNZ could be sailed in a different way.

When the AC75 was first introduced in 2021, Cyclors were specifically banned by the class rule. However, with a reduction of crew numbers from 11 to 8 in the second AC75 class rule – in use for the 2024 America’s Cup – cyclors are now allowed once again and all teams look set to be using pedal power onboard.

5 America’s Cup boats may not be heading where they point

With the AC75 sailing on its foil, drag is dramatically reduced, vast amounts of power can be generated and so speeds rapidly increase. But the foils can serve another purpose too.

In order to be able to lift each foil out of the water, the foil arms must be able to be raised and lowered. Hence the foil wings, which sit at the bottom of the foil arms (and are usually a T or Y shape), do not always sit perpendicular to the water surface and the AC75s often sail with them canted over to something nearer 45º to the surface.

The further out the leeward foil arm is canted – essentially more raised – the closer the AC75 flies to surface and, crucially, the more righting moment is generated as the hull and rest of the boat gets further from the lifting surface of the foil.

There is another positive to this: as the lifting foil is angled, it produces lift to windward, which can force the boat more towards the wind than the angle it is sailing.

Due to this negative leeway (as it is known when a foil creates lift to windward) the boat can be pointing at a compass heading of say 180º but in fact will be sailing at eg 177º as the foil pushes the boat sideways and to weather, essentially sailing to windward somewhat diagonally.

6 The foils are heavy. Very heavy.

As the foils work to provide stability to the boat (when it is stationary both foils are dropped all the way down to stop it tipping over) and to provide massive amounts of righting moment, they are incredibly heavy.

A pair of foil wings and flaps (excluding the one-design foil arm which attaches them to the boat and lifts them up and down) weigh 1842kg. To put that into perspective, the entire boat itself with all equipment (but without the crew) weighs between 6200kg and 6160kg. So the foil wings at the base of the foil arms are nearly ⅓ of the total weight of the boat.

It is partly due to this that you will see some teams with bulbs on their foils. If you decide to go for a skinny foil wing (which would be low drag and so faster) then there will not be enough volume to cram sufficient material in to make the foil weigh enough. So some teams have decided to add a bulb in order to make it weigh enough but to also keep a less draggy, slimmer foil shape.

7 Sails can invert at the head

As with everything on the AC75, the mainsail was a relatively new concept when the boat was first announced. It consists of two mainsails which are attached to both corners of a D-shaped mast tube. This has the effect of creating a profile similar to a wing.

It is well established that solid wing sails are more efficient at generating power than a soft sail and for this reason solid wings were used in both the America’s Cup in 2013 and 2017. But there are drawbacks with a wing: they cannot be lowered if something goes wrong and require a significant amount of manpower and a crane to put it on or take it off a boat.

One reason a wing makes for such a powerful sail is that the shape can be manipulated from top to bottom fairly easily with the right controls. With the AC75 the designers wanted a sail that could have some of this manipulation, produce similar power but could also be dropped while out on the water. The twin skin, ‘soft wing’ is what they came up with for this class of America’s Cup boat.

In addition to the usual sail controls, within the rules, the teams are allowed to develop systems for controlling the top few metres of the mainsail and the bottom few metres.

What this means is that the teams are able to manipulate their mainsail in a number of different ways to develop power and control where that power is produced in the sail. But it also means that they have the ability to invert the head of the sail.

Doing this effectively means ‘tacking’ the top of the sail while the rest of the sail is in its usual shape. The advantage here is that instead of trying to tip the boat to leeward, the very top of the sail will be trying to push the boat upright and so creating even more righting moment. The disadvantage is that it would come at the cost of increased aerodynamic drag.

We know that a number of America’s Cup teams are able to do this, though whether it is effective is another question and it is very hard to spot this technique being used while the boats are racing at lightning speeds.

8 America’s Cup meets F1

A new America’s Cup boat is a vastly complex bit of kit. Each team has incredibly powerful Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software packages and simulators in order to try to understand the various gains and losses.

To make these simulators and computer projections as accurate as possible each team has been getting as much data as they can over their three year development cycle.

In the case of this America’s Cup it does seem the development process is genuinely getting closer to Formula 1 (albeit with smaller budgets than a modern F1 team has behind them).

INEOS Britannia have been work alongside the all powerful Mercedes F1 team (both of who are backed by INEOS) and have been open about how much this has helped their development process and after a relatively small amount of collaboration in 2021 the British team and Mercedes have created a much tighter relationship for the 2024 America’s Cup .

But the British team is not alone. When two-time America’s Cup winner, Alinghi announced they would be coming back to the event after some years on the sidelines, they also announced their own tie-in with current F1 World Champions, Red Bull Racing, to for Alinghi Red Bull Racing .

“It’s really similar to F1,” explains Mercedes Applied Science Principal Engineer Thomas Batch who has 11 F1 titles to his name and is was with INEOS in Auckland 2021. “Certainly in this campaign the technology is close to what we have in F1.

“In terms of raw sensors on the boat you are probably talking in the 100s but then we take that and we make that into mass channels and additional analysis with computational versions of those channels that we then analyse and get into in more detail. So you are looking at 1000s of plots that we can delve into [per race or training session].

“That level of data analysis and then feedback with the sailors is very similar to working with an [F1] driver.”

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The America's Cup: Everything you need to know about the sailing competition

Ahead of the 2021 America's Cup in New Zealand , Elaine Bunting explains everything you need to know about the sailing competition in our handy guide - from America's Cup racing rules and history, to detailing just how fast those hydrofoil boats can go...

The America’s Cup is considered the pinnacle of yacht racing. Every four years, teams compete for the oldest trophy in international sport in yachts that represent the cutting edge of yacht design and technology.

This is a magnet for the world’s most talented sailors. It is notoriously difficult to win, and the opportunity comes only once every four years. Yet the storied history of the Cup has always attracted brilliant minds and been backed by some of the world’s most ambitious and successful businessmen.

The America’s Cup match is held between only two teams, the defender and one challenger. The series that establishes the right to be that challenging team was held through January and February, and provided some genuinely shocking moments.

WHAT HAS HAPPENED SO FAR?

Two of the four challengers were eliminated in the Prada Cup challenger series in January and February. The US team American Magic spectacularly spun out of control and capsized in a high-wind, high-speed mark rounding. Despite rapidly being rebuilt, the team was unable to get the boat fully functional again and was ousted from the Prada Cup without a single win.

The British team INEOS Team UK, led by Sir Ben Ainslie, won the opening round robin series handsomely and were regarded as favourites only to shock fans when they were thrashed 7-1 in the Prada Cup final by the clearly faster Italian team Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli.

So after several brutal gladiatorial rounds, the match is on between old rivals Emirates Team New Zealand and Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli. The stakes are sky-high: whoever wins the America’s Cup not only earns the historic America’s Cup ‘Auld Mug’ trophy, but they get to write the rule for 37th America’s Cup in four years, defining the yacht design, how it is sailed – and to choose the venue where it will all take place.

It is a winner-takes-all format. The America’s Cup is famously a race in which, as Queen Victoria was informed during the first contest in 1851, “there is no second.”

HOW IS THE AMERICA’S CUP WINNER DECIDED?

The challenger, Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli, will race against the defender, Emirates Team New Zealand in the 36th America’s Cup match series starting on 10 March.

There are two races each day on 12, 13 and 14 March with additional days on 15, 16 and 17 March if needed to conclude the first-to-seven wins series.

A choice of race course is decided each day depending on wind conditions, but the courses are all windward-leewards with around 3km between each end and around 1.5km from side to side.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TEAMS RACING FOR THE AMERICA’S CUP?

Emirates Team New Zealand, yacht Te Rehutai – The home team is the defender, having won the Cup in Bermuda in 2017. Heading it up is the steely Grant Dalton, with eight times America’s Cup campaigner Kevin Shoebridge capably in charge of the sailing side. The design team is also second to none – and between them they all set the rules this time.

The Kiwis boast some of the youngest sailors, who grew up in the era of foiling, notably the wildly gifted Pete Burling as helmsman and his Olympic champion crewmate Blair Tuke, who share a Gold and Silver Medal and six World Championship wins in the high performance 49er class.

The pair works in partnership with the team’s resident Australian Olympian, Glenn Ashby. This successful triumvirate was a crucial ingredient in Emirates Team New Zealand’s last Cup win. Ashby is key to tactical decisions, Blair Tuke is the so-called flight controller in charge of flaps on the foils and rudder, with Peter Burling is steering and coolly making those split-second decisions on the race course.

Their yacht Te Rehutai has many visible differences compared with Luna Rossa. It is a more brutal looking design beside the smooth shaped, elegant Italian boat, and has quite different shaped foils (see ‘How do the America’s Cup yacht work?’): New Zealand’s are almost flat across the wing base, while Luna Rossa’s foils are in a dihedral shape, sloping downwards from a central wing bulb.

These are just the most obvious differences, and there will be many more variations beneath the surface, especially in the complex control systems. Yet despite dissimilarities, the speed differential between teams in the Prada Cup varied only by fractions of a knot, putting the emphasis on dominating pre-start manoeuvres, reading the wind shifts and match racing the opponent. These will all play a part in the Cup match too.

Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli, yacht Luna Rossa - The Italian team, backed by Patrizio Bertelli, is bristling with experience. Italian team boss Max Sirena has been involved in six America’s Cups.

At the wheel, the Italians have a set-up never seen before, with straight-talking Australian Jimmy Spithill helming on starboard and Italian Olympic sailor Francesco Bruni helming on port. When one is steering, the other acts as flight controller and trims the foils.

It is a formidable partnership. Spithill is the most successful Cup sailor in the line-up, having been part of seven campaigns and winning it twice in 2010 and 2013 for Larry Ellison’s US team Oracle. Bruni, meanwhile, has three Olympics behind him and several Cup campaigns himself.

While this unconventional division of control between the two helmsmen prompted observers to shake their heads at first, it has proved highly successful. Spithill has suggested that the arrangement allowed them both to accelerate their skills, while at a very practical level it means no one has to jump out of the cockpit and cross the boat during high-speed G-force tacks and gybes before settling back into continuity in a new position.

Indeed, it has been so successful that Emirates Team New Zealand have been experimenting with changing to the one-helmsman-per-side arrangement, split between Peter Burling and Glenn Ashby. Watch out, this may come into play at some point.

Meanwhile, they have increasingly brought into play the tactical skills of Pietro Sibello, an Olympic 49er sailor, who is to be seen popping up to read the wind and the race course and feed back into the strategy.

HOW TO WATCH THE AMERICA’S CUP

America’s Cup racing is split into two parts throughout February and March and you can watch them all free. All the racing will be streamed live on the official America’s Cup YouTube Channel , Facebook and on americascup.com .

It will also be on free-to-air and pay-to-view networks in 120 territories around the world, including TVNZ in New Zealand, RAI and Sky Italia in Italy, the BBC and Sky UK & Ireland in the UK, and NBC Sports in the USA and Caribbean.

FIVE THINGS TO WATCH OUT FOR IN THE AMERICA’S CUP RACES

1. The pre-starts. This America’s Cup has traditional upwind starts. Each team must enter the start box from opposite ends at the two minute mark. They jostle for the best position with the aim of hitting the line powered up exactly as the clock counts down to 0:00 – and in front of their opponent.

To get an advantage, each team will look to dodge, weave, box out their opponent, put a penalty put on them, or execute some other perfectly legitimate but edge-of-the-seat manoeuvre. These minutes can be among the most exciting of a whole race, and may set the tactics and playbook for all that follows so are not to be missed.

2. Mark roundings. Teams can round either one of two marks at the top or bottom of the course, so watch for splits here, close overlaps and other tactical manoeuvres. As the boats bear away at the upwind mark rounding they head into a power zone, speeding up rapidly. This is where we have seen the AC75s exceed 50 knots of speed and get unstable and into trouble with flight control.

3. Light winds. The AC75s have sometimes struggled to foil in winds of under 8 knots. When they come off their foils they suddenly go from supersonic to super-slow. Comparatively huge distances can open up or disappear in a flash if one team finds a puff and gets flying while the other is floundering. On light days, everything can turn inside out in seconds.

4. Strong winds. The same is true in big winds. Mistakes in crewing and sailhandling can be punishing when these massively loaded boats are fully powered up. When the winds are up, the pre-starts and mark roundings are likely war zones.

5. Match race tactics. Some thought the equivalent of hand-to-hand combat could never happen in the AC75s, but they have turned out to be agile and the crews surprisingly willing to throw them into some very close quarter spots. They are also able to mark opponents tack for tack and gybe for gybe round the course to defend a lead and deny their opponent a passing lane. Watch for these clever displays of aggression and stealth. And do listen in the live audio feed from each of the boats that gives big clues as to what each skipper and tactician is doing, thinking and planning.

WHAT ARE THE AMERICA’S CUP YACHTS?

Teams are racing in the AC75 design, a radical 75ft long monohull with no keel that flies on foils at speeds of up to 50 knots.

Deciding the boat to be raced is one of the spoils of victory, and when Emirates Team New Zealand won the last America’s Cup in Bermuda in 2017 they decided to create something never seen before, and where their knowledge of foiling could be a winning advantage.

The AC75 design rule is a so-called ‘box’ rule, which sets some key parameters such as hull length and overall length with bowsprit (75ft, hence the name AC75). The 62-page rule specification defines draught, minimum hull volume, number of sails, number of foils, even the number of boats – the teams have been allowed to build two and will all be racing with iteration No. 2 – but leaves other areas such as hull shape and foil flaps open for teams to develop.

As these yachts do not have keels, they rely for stability on a mere three tonnes of total ballast, plus 960-990kg allowed for 11 crew. The ballast is spread across two swivelling foils that look like arms (some say insect legs) on each side.

To keep some design costs down, the teams have one-design elements, such as the components and arms that move the foils up and down. However, the shape of the foils, the flaps and the control systems that operate them are absolutely key, and unique to each team.

The rule has also kept hull shape relatively open so we see quite striking differences in shapes. This reflects different teams’ thinking about the best way to promote foiling as early as possible in the wind range and slip as smoothly as possible between displacement and flying modes.

The sails are unique, too. The mainsails are twin-skinned soft wings, a new hybrid between a conventional sail and hard wing.

HOW DO THE AMERICA’S CUP YACHTS WORK?

The AC75s are designed to be able to fly in as little wind as possible, and as consistently as possible across the wind range up to the maximum of 23 knots allowable for the America’s Cup match.

To do that, the yachts have a canting T-foil on each side that provides the lift to take the hull out of the water and fly.

The foils are ballasted to provide stability, and are set across a large beam, so the AC75s have a huge amount of righting moment. That means they can carry a very large and efficient sail area to drive the boat.

Once the leeward foil lifts the hull clear of the water, there is very little drag, with only one slender foil and the T-foil rudder in the water. That, in a nutshell, is how it is possible for these yachts to reach 50 knots of boat speed, and potentially more.

In the real world, there are lots of variables that will affect foiling. New Zealand’s Hauraki Gulf sees a large wind range, often blustery conditions, and there are also waves to contend with. Keeping a large boat foiling efficiently and consistently on just two slender points is like juggling on a slackline, and the control systems for rapid adjustments will be a critical but largely invisible factor.

WHAT’S THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICA’S CUP?

Books could, and have, been written about the contentious history of the America’s Cup. It all began in 1851, when a syndicate of businessmen from New York sailed the schooner America across the Atlantic and beat a fleet of British yachts in a race around the Isle of Wight, winning the 100 Guinea Cup.

Famously, Queen Victoria, who had watching the race, asked who was second and the reply came: “Your Majesty, there is no second.”

The 100 Guinea Cup was donated to the New York Yacht Club, renamed in honour of the schooner and a Deed of Gift drawn up for ‘a perpetual challenge cup for friendly competition between nations’. The America’s Cup is the oldest trophy in international sport and arguably the most difficult (and expensive) to win.

For 160 years, Britain has been trying to win it back. Challengers have included the tea magnate Sir Thomas Lipton, who challenged five times between 1899 and 1930.

After a golden era of racing in the J Class yachts, the Cup was raced for in the 12-metre design, then an evolving International America’s Cup Class. More recently it has been contested in much faster multihull designs.

The America’s Cup has always been defined by, and contested with, the backing of some of the world’s wealthiest businessmen. Winners have included Harold Vanderbilt (1930, 1934 and 1937) and Henry Sears (1958).

In the modern era, Ernesto Bertarelli’s team Alinghi won in 2003 and 2007 before losing to Larry Ellison’s Oracle Racing in 2010. Ellison’s US team successfully defended in 2013 before losing to New Zealand in 2017.

Both men retreated from the America’s Cup following their defeats, but Patrizio Bertelli, CEO of the Prada Group, is still trying to win it for Italy after five Cup campaigns with the Luna Rossa Challenge.

Since 1851, the US has defended or won the America’s Cup 30 times, New Zealand three times, Switzerland (Alinghi) twice, and Australia once (Alan Bond’s Australia II in 1983). Despite 16 challenges in a Cup match since 1870, Britain has never yet won back the trophy that left its shores in 1851.

WHAT IS THE AMERICA’S CUP TROPHY?

The America’s Cup , affectionately known as the ‘Auld Mug’  is an impressive piece of silverware. Including its pedestal, it stands 1.1m high and weighs over 14kg. It was made by London-based silver maker Robert Garrard & Co, the royal jeweller since 1735, and was originally a claret jug.

It was given an extra pedestal in 1958 to make room for more engraving, and when that ran out of space, another was added in 1992.

A little known fact (which says so much about America’s Cup rivalry) is that when Oracle won the trophy in 2010 the engraving marking rivals Alinghi’s victory was rotated round to the rear. A new base in carbon fibre was also made to replace the mahogany one.

When Louis Vuitton sponsored the challenger series, the America’s Cup was given its own large Vuitton trunk on its 150th birthday in 1998. With Oracle as the holder it was accompanied everywhere and closely guarded by white-gloved bodyguards.

On winning it in 2017, Emirates Team New Zealand took it to yacht clubs round its home country and let members and young sailors handle the famous silver trophy.

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THE BOATS: AC75, AC40 & LEQ12

Although foiling feels like a recent revolution to take the world of watersports by storm, it has been at the heart of America's Cup racing for over 10 years.

It was August 2012 when the sailing world was turned upside down by a 72-foot catamaran flying in the Hauraki Gulf. Emirates Team New Zealand had brought foils to the America's Cup, changing the face of top-level yacht racing forever.

Six years later, in 2018, the publication of the AC75 Class Rule marked the beginning of a new sailing era. The engineering and sailing techniques needed to get the AC75 to fly completely differed from anything seen before.

During the 36th America's Cup in 2021, the AC75 proved themselves to be unique and kept millions of fans worldwide glued to their screens. It was then no surprise that the organisers were keen to continue with the AC75 rule for the Louis Vuitton 37th America’s Cup in Barcelona, albeit with several improvements to promote faster flight and incorporate upgraded technology. But the organisers went further. With a focus on youth and women being paramount to growing the sport into the future, a new class of boats was introduced–the AC40–specifically for this purpose. As the smaller sister-ship of the AC75, the AC40 launched in Auckland to much acclaim with speeds hitting the "high 40s" almost immediately straight out of the box under the skillful command of Emirates Team New Zealand in September 2022.

AC75: AMERICA'S CUP BOAT

On the 15th of November 2021, eight months after the Kiwis successfully defended the America's Cup, an updated 'Version 2' of the AC75 Class Rule was released.

The boats will be a step on from what we saw in Auckland in 2021. The foils will be larger to promote quicker lift and faster flight. The boats will be lighter and, onboard, the electronics and software systems will be vastly upgraded. To save weight, the number of crew on the AC75 has been reduced from 11 to 8. The move to reduce the crew means cycle power is again legalised, and the cyclors, introduced by Emirates Team New Zealand in 2017, might return to the game.

Several of the elements are strict one-design, such as the mast, rigging, foil cant-arms and cant hydraulics but the scope for design elsewhere is broad. To keep costs under control, it was also determined that teams would only be allowed to build one AC75 so the demand on getting the design right is at a premium. The boats will be expected to fly at speeds touching 50 knots in winds that average 12 knots in late summers in Barcelona.

AC40: YOUTH, WOMEN & TRAINING

New for the Louis Vuitton 37th America's Cup, the AC40 is a multi-use foiling monohull that all the confirmed teams will use for sailing and testing purposes. The AC40 is also the nominated boat for both the UniCredit Youth & Puig Women’s America’s Cup events where they will be sailed in strict one-design. The confirmed teams will also use the AC40 in competitive events leading up to the America’s Cup and several of the teams have two boats on order. The AC40 is being built by McConaghy’s in China. The foils and systems are being delivered by the Emirates Team New Zealand North Shore Facility and delivered in strict order of entry to the America’s Cup. Teams may modify and test out componentry on the AC40, and for this purpose, they will be deemed as a LEQ12 (see below), but for competition purposes in the UniCredit Youth & Puig Women’s America’s Cup, they will be returned to one-design according to strict rules around those specific events. Early trials of the AC40 by Emirates Team New Zealand have been sensational with speeds recorded in the ‘high-40-knot’ bracket and it is anticipated that this new class will form a global circuit both before and after the America’s Cup. For the UniCredit Youth & Puig Women’s America’s Cup, aside from the confirmed entries from the America's Cup syndicates, yacht clubs from around the world are being invited to form teams on a strict one-nation, one-entry basis and the finals of the youth and women’s events are scheduled on key dates of both the Louis Vuitton Cup (Challenger Selection Series) and Louis Vuitton 37th America's Cup Match dates.

LEQ12: TESTING ONLY

Entrants for the Louis Vuitton 37th America’s Cup are required to build one AC75 and purchase at least one AC40 but within the rules there is also the opportunity for teams to build one, new, test boat with the stipulation that it must be ‘Less than or Equal to 12 metres in overall length.’ The term LEQ12 was thus coined and it’s a nod to a well used term in computing ‘LEQ’ and was the most accurate description of the vessel. To date, two teams have built dedicated LEQ12s–INEOS Britannia and Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli–and these boats are loaded with sensors, cameras and measuring devices in order that the design team can collate data and calibrate their design software packages in a real-world environment. For the sailors too, it is an opportunity to hone monohull foiling techniques and have the ability to try new sailing styles as well as test new componentry in a relatively controlled environment, and with far fewer consequences than trialling something new on a powerful AC75 at full scale. The two specifically built LEQ12s to date are notably different in design with the Italian LEQ12 being of similar design to the winning ‘Te Rehutai’ of Emirates Team New Zealand during the 36th America's Cup whilst the British LEQ12 is a more extreme design to give a baseline of validation to the INEOS Britannia design team that is supported by Mercedes F1 Applied Science.

How many new AC75s can a team build

When agreeing on the new format for the 37th America’s Cup, the Defender and the Challenger of Record were determined to keep a lid on costs and deliver a sustainable event that could attract additional entries without a very high financial barrier to entry. During the 36th America's Cup, teams were allowed to build two AC75s but in the final Protocol for the 37th America's Cup, it was agreed that teams could only build one AC75 to compete in the America’s Cup in Barcelona. The introduction of the AC40 class allowed for teams to purchase these for either two-boat training or as test boats and a further concession was permitted in that teams could build one specific LEQ12 for testing and training purposes. By implementing the one-boat build rule for the 37th America's Cup, a high premium is placed on getting the final design right as there is little opportunity to change the fundamental design of the boats after launch. The world’s greatest naval architects, designers and engineers have been employed by all the teams with several partnering with complementary sports engineering functions such as Red Bull Advanced Technologies and Mercedes F1 Applied Science. The design race for the Cup is therefore, as intense as ever.

Can older AC75s be used and/or modified?

The first-generation AC75s that were used at the 36th America's Cup in 2021 may be used for training purposes by all of the confirmed teams in the run-up to the Louis Vuitton 37th America's Cup in Barcelona. To date, two teams–American Magic and Alinghi Red Bull Racing–have opted to re-launch these first-generation boats and use them as test boats and in the case of Alinghi Red Bull Racing, the Swiss who were not present during the 36th America's Cup, purchased Emirates Team New Zealand’s first boat ‘Te Aihe’ to train in Barcelona. There are, however, strict rules on developing these first-generation boats with the number of foil wings, flaps, rudders, foil arms, masts, hull surfaces and sails being strictly limited. This could well be the reason why the other teams have elected to develop LEQ12s or to adapt their AC40s into LEQ12s, as is the case with Emirates Team New Zealand, where the limits on componentry and testing are far less stringent, affording more scope for design development and analysis.

When does an AC40 become an LEQ12?

As mentioned above, in relation to the AC40, these boats are delivered in one-design format, but some teams may elect to take them out of one-design to test out componentry, and in this case, those AC40s will be deemed as ‘LEQ12s’ until returned to one-design configuration again. Change anything on your AC40 outside of the very strict class rules on componentry, and it becomes a LEQ12. In order for it to be used in the planned pre-regattas or the UniCredit Youth & Puig Women’s America’s Cup events it must be returned to the agreed one-design. Immediately after the necessary commissioning process of the very first AC40 that was delivered to Emirates Team New Zealand in September 2022, the team made changes to the cockpit configuration and specific controls that the crew use; This immediately converted the Emirates Team New Zealand AC40 to a LEQ12.

What is Yacht Racing? (Here’s All You Need To Know)

Have you ever watched a yacht race, with its colorful sails gliding across the water in a graceful dance? Have you ever wondered what it takes to participate in yacht racing? This article will take you through all you need to know about yacht racing, from the different types of yachts and races, to sailing clubs and regattas, technical knowledge and skills, safety, and the benefits of yacht racing.

We’ll also explore some of the most popular events and races.

So whether you’re an avid sailor or just curious about this exciting sport, you’ll find all the information you need here.

Table of Contents

Short Answer

Yacht racing is a competitive sport and recreational activity involving sailing yachts .

It is most popular in areas with strong maritime cultures, such as the UK, US and Australia.

Races typically involve a course that boats must follow, which can vary in length depending on the type of race.

Competitors often use advanced sailboat designs, and use tactics and strategy to try to outmaneuver their opponents in order to be the first to cross the finish line.

Types of Yachts Used in Racing

Yacht racing can be done with a wide variety of boats, from dinghies and keelboats to multihulls and offshore racing boats.

Dinghies are small, lightweight boats with a single sail and are often used in competitive racing.

Keelboats, on the other hand, are larger and heavier boats with a fixed keel and two or more sails.

Multihulls, like the popular catamaran, are boats with two or more hulls and are designed with speed and agility in mind.

Finally, offshore racing boats are designed for long-distance racing and are typically larger and more powerful than other types of yachts.

No matter what type of yacht you choose to race, they will all have common features that make them suitable for racing.

All yachts must have a mast, sails, hull and rigging, and will usually feature a deck, compass, and navigation equipment.

Additionally, racing yachts are often fitted with safety features such as life jackets, flares, and emergency radios.

Each type of yacht has its own unique characteristics, and some are better suited for certain types of racing than others.

For example, dinghies are better suited for short-course racing, while offshore racing boats are better for long-distance racing.

Additionally, keelboats and multihulls are often used for more challenging types of racing, such as distance racing or match racing.

No matter what type of yacht you choose for racing, it is important to remember that safety should always be your first priority.

Be sure to check the weather conditions before heading out and make sure that you have the proper safety equipment on board.

Additionally, it is important to get professional instruction or join a sailing club to ensure you have the necessary skills to race safely and enjoyably.

Types of Races

Yacht racing events can take place in a wide variety of forms and formats, from long-distance ocean racing to short-course inshore racing in protected bays and estuaries.

Each type of race requires different skills and equipment, and the type of race you choose to participate in will depend on your sailing experience, budget and the type of boat you have.

Long-distance ocean racing is a popular form of yacht racing, with races often taking place over several days and often involving multiple stages.

These races often have several classes of boat competing, with each boat competing in its own class.

These races may involve sailing around a set course or route, or they may be point-to-point races, where the boats sail from one point to another.

Inshore racing is the most common form of yacht racing, with races typically taking place over a few hours or a single day.

This type of racing is often conducted in protected waters, such as bays and estuaries, and generally involves shorter course lengths than ocean racing.

Inshore races may involve multiple classes of boat, or they may be one-design classes, where all boats are the same model and size.

Multi-hull racing is another popular type of yacht racing and involves boats with two or more hulls.

These boats are generally faster and more agile than monohulls, and races are often held over a short course.

These races can be highly competitive, with teams of experienced sailors vying for position and race victory.

Offshore racing is similar to ocean racing, but often involves much longer distances and more challenging conditions.

Races may take place over several days and multiple stages, and require a high level of experience and skill.

Offshore racing boats are usually specially designed for speed and agility, and may have multiple crew members on board to help manage the boat in challenging conditions.

Sailing Clubs and Regattas

Yacht racing is a popular sport around the world, with sailing clubs and regattas held in many countries.

Sailing clubs are organizations where members can come together to race, learn, and enjoy their shared passion for the sport.

Membership in a sailing club usually includes access to the clubs facilities, equipment, and training classes.

Regattas are large-scale yacht racing events, often hosted by a sailing club.

The regatta can be organized for any type of boat, from dinghys to offshore racing boats, and the races can be held over a series of days.

The goal of the regatta is to crown the winner of the overall race, or the individual class honours.

Sailing clubs and regattas are a great way for sailors of all levels to come together and compete.

They give sailors an opportunity to hone their skills, network, and make friends with other passionate sailors.

Additionally, these events are often open to the public, so they give the general public a chance to see the amazing spectacle of yacht racing up close.

If youre looking for an exciting and fun way to get involved with sailing, look no further than your local sailing club or regatta.

Technical Knowledge and Skills

Yacht racing is a sport that requires a great deal of technical knowledge and skill.

Competitors must be familiar with the physics and dynamics of sailing, including how to read the wind and manipulate their vessel to maximize speed and maneuverability.

They must also be able to understand the principles of navigation, so they can accurately plot a course and adjust it to take advantage of the prevailing wind and current conditions.

Furthermore, competitors must be able to read the weather and use that information to their advantage in the race.

Finally, competitors need to have a good understanding of the rules of the race and how to adhere to them.

Yacht racing is a complex sport with a steep learning curve, and it requires a great deal of experience and practice to master.

Safety is a key element of yacht racing, as it involves operating large vessels in often unpredictable and hazardous conditions.

All racers must be properly equipped with the appropriate safety gear, such as life jackets, flares, and a first aid kit.

It is also essential that all racers are familiar with the rules of the race, and have a good understanding of the safety protocols that must be followed in order to ensure the safety of everyone involved.

All yacht racing events must be properly insured, and there are often medical personnel on standby in case of an emergency.

Before any race, all participants must sign a waiver declaring that they understand the risks involved and accept responsibility for their own safety.

Benefits of Yacht Racing

Yacht racing is a great way to challenge yourself and take part in a thrilling sport.

It offers numerous benefits to those that participate, from improved physical health and mental well-being to an opportunity to travel and explore new places.

Whether youre a beginner or an experienced sailor, yacht racing provides an exciting and rewarding experience.

One of the main benefits of yacht racing is its impact on physical health.

It requires a great deal of strength and endurance, as the sailors must use their arms and legs to control the boats sails and rudder.

Its also a great way to get your heart rate up and improve your cardiovascular health.

Additionally, sailing is a low-impact sport, meaning theres less risk of injury than other more strenuous activities like running or cycling.

Yacht racing also has many mental benefits.

Its a great way to relax and take in the beauty of the ocean, as well as the camaraderie and excitement of competing in a team.

Additionally, it gives sailors the opportunity to put their problem-solving skills to the test, as they must think quickly and strategize in order to succeed.

Yacht racing also requires quick decision-making, which can help to improve mental acuity and develop a more acute awareness of ones surroundings.

Finally, yacht racing is a great way to explore new places and meet new people.

Races often take place in different locations around the world, meaning sailors can get a glimpse into different cultures and explore new destinations.

Additionally, yacht racing provides an opportunity to socialize with other sailors, as well as make connections in the sailing community.

Overall, yacht racing is a great way to challenge yourself and reap the numerous physical, mental, and social benefits that come with it.

With its exciting races and stunning locations, its no wonder that yacht racing has become a popular sport around the world.

Popular Events and Races

Yacht racing is an exciting and popular sport with events and races held all over the world.

From the world-famous Americas Cup to local regattas, there are races and events of all sizes and skill levels.

The Americas Cup is the oldest and most prestigious yacht race in the world, with the first race held in 1851.

Held every 3-4 years in a different location, the Americas Cup pits the worlds best sailors against each other in a battle of boat speed, tactics and teamwork.

The Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race is another major race, held annually in Australia.

The race begins in Sydney Harbour and ends in the port of Hobart, Tasmania and is known for its unpredictable and challenging conditions.

The Whitbread Round the World Race (now known as The Volvo Ocean Race) is a grueling nine-month, round-the-world yacht race.

This race is one of the most challenging and dangerous races in the world.

In addition to these larger races, there are many smaller local and national regattas and races that offer an opportunity for sailors of all skill levels to compete.

From small dinghy races to larger keelboat and offshore racing events, there are plenty of opportunities to get involved in yacht racing.

Yacht racing is a fun, competitive and rewarding sport and with so many events and races available, there is sure to be something for everyone.

Whether you are a competitive sailor or just looking to have some fun on the water, yacht racing is the perfect sport for you.

Final Thoughts

Yacht racing is an exciting and challenging sport that is enjoyed by many around the world.

With a variety of yacht types, races and events to choose from, there is something for everyone.

To get started, it is important to have a good understanding of the technical skills and knowledge needed, as well as the safety protocols associated with the sport.

With the right preparation and dedication, yacht racing can be an incredibly rewarding experience.

If you’re interested in taking up this exciting sport, make sure you check out your local sailing clubs and regattas to find out what’s on offer.

James Frami

At the age of 15, he and four other friends from his neighborhood constructed their first boat. He has been sailing for almost 30 years and has a wealth of knowledge that he wants to share with others.

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2022 Boat of the Year: Best Offshore Racer

• By Dave Reed
• December 17, 2021

Sailing World Magazine’s annual Boat of the Year tests are conducted in Annapolis, Maryland, following the US Sailboat Show. With independent judges exhaustively inspecting the boats on land and putting them through their paces on the water, this year’s fleet of new performance-sailing boats spanned from small dinghies to high-tech bluewater catamarans. Here’s the best of the best from our 2022 Boat of the Year nominees »

As interest in doublehanded offshore racing piqued with the expectations it would be an Olympic sailing discipline in 2024, so too did the development and production of several purpose-built 30-footers. Dehler Yachts, Germany’s big production boatbuilder, jumped into the action with its own 30-footer, and as we’d expect of a Judel/Vrolijk and Co.-designed race boat, this one is an all-business shorthanded racing machine jam-packed with cool features found on grand‑prix boats twice its size.

“You can tell they started with a blank slate because the boat is so well-integrated with the design and construction—from bow to stern,” Greg Stewart says. “It hits its design purpose spot on. It’s a complete small offshore one-design, and it’s obvious there was a lot of development required to get things so right.”

Prototypes and mock-ups after mock-ups were required, Dehler says, to efficiently accommodate a lot of boat handling and living in such a compact craft. Virtually every rope on the boat spills into the cockpit, which is the way of life in shorthanded sailing, where everything happens at the back of the boat. Vigilance with line keeping, therefore, is paramount. That and carefully executed and planned maneuvers. In full-tilt conditions, there will be a lot going on in the cockpit, Stewart says, but everything’s easily at hand.

“All the control-line leads are well thought out,” he adds, pointing to the smooth-operating traveler controls and the individual gross and fine-tuned mainsheet flip cleats mounted on the cockpit floor.

Powlison’s first impression at the dock was that the boat would be challenging to manage, but “once we went sailing, it all was logical. Yes, there’s a lot of line management, but once you’re disciplined to do that, the boat is much easier to sail than it looks.”

With the trio of judges and the owner piled on board during the test sail, it was immediately obvious that two is company and three is definitely a crowd. “It’s also not the type of boat where you’ll want to spontaneously invite an inexperienced crew [to go race],” Powlison says. “You will really need to know what you’re doing, but once you do get comfortable with everything, it will be a really easy boat to sail well.”

Ben Corson, the Annapolis-based owner of our test boat, had spent the better part of a year racing with his female partner and tinkering with the boat, and consequently, the boat is meticulously prepared, race-ready and offshore-compliant. There’s no mistaking what’s what and where—labels pasted throughout the boat identify halyards, sail and ballast controls, safety gear and even the electronics manuals.

As a tightly controlled one-design class with ratified rules, owners like Corson can’t do much to the boat as it is, but there’s not much—if anything—an owner would need to change anyway. Everything on the boat, the judges agreed, works as it should. Adjustable backstays, for example, lead forward to clutches mounted on the cockpit wall, which allows the backstays to be kept taut or released without having to worry about loading to a winch during a maneuver. With the turn of a locking nut on the tiller arm, the steering system can be adjusted to change rudder toe-in on either side. The traveler track runs nearly the full width of the wide transom, opening up a wide range of adjustability for the 361-square-foot mainsail, and as a bonus, small removable reaching struts open up headsail sheeting angles. Stainless-steel foot braces are easy to deploy and stow, and allow the skipper to lock into a comfortable position over the angled coaming, with great visibility over the bow.

When the boat is powered up and leaning on the chine, Allen says, the sensation is exceptional: “This delivered the best sailing experience of all of the boats we tested. It was easy to tack and jibe, it tracked great, it’s easy to get to the sail controls, and we had no problems whatsoever with wiping out—and we tried hard a few times.”

With Allen on the tiller and Powlison managing the sheets as they started upwind into a 15-knot breeze, Stewart hit the chamfered rail. “My first impression from the rail was how high I was and how it was charging upwind—like a big boat. I couldn’t feel the chop, I didn’t get wet, it didn’t skid out at all. I was also amazed at how solid it felt; there wasn’t one bit of pounding, creaking or anything.”

Eventually, Stewart came off the rail and they filled the ballast tank instead—to the equivalent of 400-plus pounds of rail meat. Allen says the gravity-fed water-ballast system took about five minutes to top off, roughly 30 seconds to transfer during a tack, and less than a minute to drain.

“Once we added the water ballast, the boat just powered forward,” Powlison says. “You can really feel the difference when the boat sits on the chine and just tracks straight ahead.”

Impressed as they were with the Dehler 30’s upwind pace, when they set the big red A2 spinnaker (1,076 square feet) and took off down the bay, they had no doubts about the boat’s downwind potential. They only used three of the five class-sail inventory on board, which includes an A2, an A5, a spinnaker staysail and a Code Zero, and if they had more time and distance, they would have certainly piled on more sail area.

“I could see going with the A5, the J3 and the staysail, and maybe a reefed main in a big breeze,” Allen says. “That would be fun—and wicked fast.”

Lightweight and strong is, of course, the holy grail of every race boat, and here too Dehler delivers with what the judges say is an immaculate cored-hull laminate and good detail in the finish work throughout the boat. Dehler was also keen to leave out extraneous weight from the interior to get the boat to weigh in at just over 6,000 pounds. Without any floorboards (there’s thin foam padding glued to the inner hull skin instead), they’re able to get 6 feet of standing headroom at the companionway (which has a sliding hatch hood on rails) and plenty of sitting headroom forward of the mast and into the V-berth.

To achieve a higher level of the camper-sailor experience, comfortable V-berth cushions and removable mesh hull liners are standard, as is a folding centerline table, rounded wooden bench seats, and backrests that double as pipe berths. With storage cubbies scattered about the boat, a marine toilet with a graywater tank, a two-burner stove and two quarter berths, this little race rocket is definitely a legit weekender too. Lithium-ion batteries and a 9.9 diesel with a retractable Stealth Drive shaft that pulls up flush with the hull will get you where you need to go and keep the electronics suite powered up just fine.

The Dehler 30 was a strong contender for Boat of the Year, but the judges couldn’t dismiss the boat’s biggest limitation: It will get hammered by most rating systems, which makes it a one-trick one-design offshore-racing pony. It is, however, an outstanding design for keen shorthanded sailors looking for a race-ready platform for just over $240,000. If—or when—international class racing ever becomes a real thing, the offshore sailing world will be a better place.

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FIBRE Mechanics

● custom yacht builders, ●  carbon racing boats, ●  performance cruising boats, ●  structural yacht components, ●  composite panel factory , +44 (0) 1590 427 007, lymington uk, download our brochure, latest n ews....

Rán 8 - Caribbean 600 Class Win

29th February 2024

Congratulations to Niklas Zennström and the Rán racing team for winning a highly contested battle in the 2024 Caribbean 600 IRC Zero class. Niklas Zennström was delighted with the class win, tinged with a little frustration at just missing out to Leopard 3 for an overall win after IRC time correction.  “...We did as much as we could. We sailed a really good race and Steve (Hayles) and Bouwe (Bekking) made very good calls. Did we have a good time? Absolutely. You have to play your strategy well and as far as luck goes, this year we didn’t have weather for our class to win overall, eventually that will even out….” Rán is a 52 foot ocean racing yacht designed by Carkeek Design Partners, all carbon pre-preg with kevlar honeycomb, supercharged water ballast and a very sophisticated Southern Spars Rig. She was built in 2023 by the raceboat team at Fibre Mechanics in Lymington UK under the watchful eyes of Adrian Gillitt and Marcus Attridge - a team with a long list of Volvo Ocean, America's Cup, TP52 and IMOCA boats to their name.

Tripp Design 88ft Shoal Draft Yacht

18th September 2023

Tucked away in the new hull oven at Fibre Mechanics, a Bill Tripp designed 88ft shoal draft cruising yacht is fast taking shape.

The challenge set by the Client was to design and build a high performance cruising yacht with a maximum draft of 2m. The phrase ‘Shoal Draft Performance Yacht’ is full of contradictions…. the performance of any sailing yacht depends on its sail-carrying ability, and that largely depends on a low centre of gravity. So designing and building a yacht of this size with such a shallow draft is a serious challenge for any yacht designer. The responsibility for making it work of course rests with the builder, and in particular depends on the builder’s ability to save weight in every aspect of construction.

To turn their concept a reality, Bill Tripp and his Client chose Fibre Mechanics because of the yard’s uncompromising attitude towards saving weight. To fulfil the design brief the hull and structure will be full pre-preg carbon with Corecell and Nomex core; and to maximise her potential the yacht will feature a carbon composite keel and a water ballast transfer system. Fibre Mechanics have taken the spirit of the design to the next level with a series of measures to lower the structural centre of gravity and increase the weight of the lead bulb. The build team are drawing on all their experience of building racing yachts such as the Wally Cento ‘Galateia’ and the offshore raceboat ‘Rán 8’ to build a very special cruising yacht. We look forward to reporting on the detail of this project as construction progresses.

Fibre Mechanics - Phase 2 Expansion

10th March 2023

Fibre Mechanics have opened a new factory facility in Hythe UK, with direct waterfront access and a new hull oven that can accommodate yachts of up to 50m in length.

Fibre Mechanics' planned growth is set out in three phases. Phase 1 was to take over the original Green Marine factory in Lymington (which we did in 2017) and to establish a business in yacht building, with a strong marine component business running in parallel.  We are now embarking on Phase 2 which entails expansion into a second factory with waterfront access to facilitate the building of large composite yachts.

The new factory is in Hythe, 12 miles to the east of Lymington with waterfront access to Southampton Water and Central Solent. The large single span roof gives us clear workspace of 38 x 55m., Over the next few months we plan to building a hull oven and an assembly area; in the short term we are installing an overhead gantry crane with a 9m mezzanine at one side.

We are also widening the front door access to 18m in order to accommodate a new project due into the yard: the re-build of a 100 ft catamaran.  More details on that fantastic project, and on Fibre Mechanics’ planned Phase 3 Expansion to follow…

Photo Caption:- Fibre Mechanics Hythe will have a full overhead gantry crane and a mezzanine deck.

CF-520 IRC Racing Boat for 2021

7th September 2020

FIBRE Mechanics and Carkeek Design announce a new 52ft IRC racing yacht for 2021.

Full production tooling for the new boat, to be known as the CF-520 is now under construction at FIBRE Mechanics in Lymington UK; with boat one due for launch in March 2021. FIBRE Mechanics plan to build a short series of CF-520s, with boat one already scheduled for launching in early March 2021. Two more build slots are available for delivery mid April and end of May 2021 respectively.

Boat one is being configured principally for offshore racing and will feature a water ballast tank system designed to reduce the crew numbers to 7 or 8.  However, Carkeek Design Partners and FIBRE Mechanics are making a wide range of equipment options available allowing subsequent boats to be configured to suit different racing programmes. Preliminary details indicate a full on approach to the hull build, with Waterfront Composites specifying full IM carbon and honeycomb core throughout. Detailed specifications and pricing for the standard boat are due for release on Sept 18th. 

FIBRE Mechanics Deliver Fire-Rated Superstructure

27th August 2020

In July FIBRE Mechanics announce the delivery of a fire rated superstructure to WightShipyard in Cowes IOW. The Superstructure will be installed onto a 20m aluminium hulled SES catamaran wind farm service vessel, due to enter service in the North Sea by the end of the year...

The structure was designed to be built without the expense of making production moulds. Instead, WightShipyard are taking advantage of FIBRE Mecehanics' composite panel factory, but also taking the concept to its next logical stage.  The entire structure was moulded on high temperature vacuum tables using Gurit's fire retardent pre-preg epoxy resin system and glass fibre re-inforcement. The panels were then assembled on a simple alignment jig and bonded together.

Areas where curvature was required have single curvature only, so that the boat builders at FIBRE Mechanics were able to bend and in some cases fold the cured panels to the shape required.  The superstructure incorporates the sole and undersole structure that will be resiliently mounted on the deck of the ship. Also incorporated into the panels are the seat mounting fixtures to make the fit-out of the superstructure as efficient and fast as possible.

Gunboat 68 Hull 5 Delivered

16th February 2020

FIBRE Mechanics have delivered the 5th set of structural components for the Gunboat 68  -  shipping over 150 components to Gunboat Europe in La Grande Motte.  The delivery of components is timed to co-incide with the completion of the hull, so that the assembly teams can get to work building the boat without breaking stride.

The FIBRE Mechanics team in Lymington UK have become key partners in the construction of the Gunboat 68.  William Jelbert is the Project Manager for the GB-68, and was responsible for the development of the boat and the key decisions about the production process. He describes the 'discovery' of the FIBRE Mechanics panel factory like this....

"...Once the key structural elements were designed, the rest of the internal structure could be optimized accordingly. We weighed the option of outsourcing these advanced components to an industry partner. A breakthrough came when FIBRE Mechanics presented us with the opportunity to employ robotically-laid fiber to the structural components on the Gunboat 68 (i.e. the bulkheads and stringers). This is the same technology that produces aircraft tail fins and F1 car parts - structures with incredibly demanding engineering tolerances - and the quality is just exceptional!

The process is called North Thin Ply Technology™ (NTPT) - a cutting-edge technology using the highest-quality materials and yielding the most precise results. In NTPT, extremely thin layers of pre-preg carbon are laid by a machine, after which CNC-cut Corecell is fitted. Then, more layers of carbon are robotically applied and the whole panel is cured at 110°C in an autoclave.

Thin ply pre-pregs allow greater optimization of modulus, strength and weight, and an overall improvement in the mechanical performance of the final part.   This repeatable and automated process can handle very fine laminate details. This opened up opportunities for our engineers, as decisions on the internal structure (and ultimately performance gains) could be further optimized...."          (Excerpt from 'The Gunboat Story')

100 Foot Carbon Hull for Ultime Trimaram delivered to CDK Technologies

16th December 2019

Delivery day at FIBRE Mechanics....   As the 100ft central hull of Banque Populaire XI is loaded onto a wind turbine transporter to make it's journey from Lymington UK to Lorient in France.  The new Ultime 100 trimaran was designed by VPLP and is being built by CDK Technologies in Lorient, with key components being contracted to long-time project partners FIBRE Mechanics.  The hull is built entirely in High Modulus carbon fibre with aramid honeycomb core, and cured at 95 degrees centigrade in a 35m long hull oven. This is all fairly routine for FIBRE Mechanics, the only remaining challenge being to navigate some tight corners in Lymington and a few tricky roundabouts in Lorient.

New Pre-Preg Hull Oven at FIBRE Mechanics

22nd August 2019

Newly installed at FIBRE Mechanics in Lymington UK is a 48m hull oven, for the curing of pre-preg yacht hulls and decks.  The oven was designed by the in-house project team who bring a great deal of experience to the task. Gary Vaughan (Director of Operations) commented   "...we constructed our first pre-preg oven here in the Waterloo Road factory over 25 years ago, when we were building a 90' carbon cruising yacht. This new oven has come together far quicker than that one, and requires a lot less energy to get up to temperature.  It's good to see we have learned something over the years..."

The new oven has been built over-length so that it can be sectioned into smaller units as required.  At present it is partitioned to provide a 14m oven for two large vacuum tables where FIBRE Mechanics are building the structural bulkheads of the Gunboat 68; and a 34m oven currently being prepared to accommodate a new project starting late August.  The oven is powered by electric heaters capable of raising the temperature to 105 degrees centigrade  -  with both temperature and vacuum pressure being controlled, monitored and logged across all component surfaces.  Fifteen separate heat inlets allow accurate control of temperature at every point within the oven; and a retractable roof allows use of the overhead factory crane during hull assembly.

FIBRE Mechanics complete the fleet for the New York Yacht Club

31st May 2019

In May 2019 FIBRE Mechanics delivered the 20th Melges IC-37 to the New York Yacht Club in Newport RI.

Having agreed to construct the boats just 12 months ago, the team at FIBRE Mechanics successfully completed a complete set of production tooling and 10 boats in the space of 9 months.  The 10 boats from FIBRE Mechanics together with the club's existing 10 boats make up a fleet of 20 one-design 37ft racing boats, available to Club members to compete in one of the most competitive and intense one-design racing programmes yet seen.

All 20 boats have been built to exacting standards to ensure that the weight, and weight distribution of each is identical. The 1520 kg carbon keel fin and lead bulb assemblies are corrected to within a single kg, and all deck gear, sails, rig and sailing systems adhere to a strict one-design specification drawn up by Mills Design in close consultation with Harry Melges, and drawing on the experience of an all-star committee of top sailors from the NYYC.

Photo: Onne Van Der Wal

The FIBRE Mechanics Approach...

About fibre mechanics.

Fibre Mechanics is based in a purpose built yacht manufacturing factory in Lymington, UK.  We build custom racing yachts and semi-custom performance yachts of the highest quality.  With over 40 years experience, FIBRE Mechanics boat builders have built 5 Americas Cup yachts, 14 Volvo Ocean Race boats, 7 TP52s, plus any number of IOR, IMS, and IRC yachts; as well as 14 pre-preg carbon performance yacht hulls between 24 and 42m in length.  Our Engineering & Production teams specialises in the construction of complex composite hulls.  Our Design and Technical Office specialise in design and installation of lightweight systems and interiors...

FIBRE Mechanics Team

We are an employee-owned company with a 30-strong workforce divided between Project, Production, Engineering and Design teams. All are dedicated to the construction of lightweight composite yachts, and are able to call on many decades of experience in the racing yacht industry. Every member of our management and production staff has a stake in the company and brings a combination of experience, judgement and motivation that we value...

Meet the Team

More often than not, the weight saved by building in carbon is 'given away' by the installation of a less-than-lightweight interior. The success of a performance yacht depends on a consistent approach to saving weight. For each loaction within a yacht there should be an acceptable marginal cost for the saving of a kilo; and this has to be respected by the design and production teams at every level...

Our Technology...

Panel factory.

In nine lines, this is how our panel factory works....

..... pre-preg fibre is laminated onto a cnc cutting machine, which accurately cuts a kit of parts to form the skin laminates. Meanwhile we cut whatever core material is being used on a cnc router, and then incorporate carbon inserts to re-inforce cut-outs and penetrations. When we have completed both the skin and core kits, we use a laser projector set up in the roof of the factory to project the location of each component of a panels' jigsaw puzzle piece by piece.  When the panel is complete we apply a vacuum bag and set the oven to cure.... 

An efficient boat yard must be capable of using the most appropriate technology for each part of every process. This demands that we are able to apply a range of composite process techniques to a yacht project. For a fully optimised and engineered structure we will use automated pre-preg techniques to provide the quality assurance required.  For a mid-level production hull we'll use one of a number of film or resin infusion techniques. We often use a number of approaches to build different components on the same project.

Alongside every yacht project are a variety of small (and not so small) component projects  -  to the point that we have a full-time specialist team building critical components such as carbon keel fins, rudder shafts, chainplates and lifting beams.  There are also numerous components that may not be as critical in a structural sense, but need to fulfil cosmetic requirements. Carbon composite components form an important part of our work.

CF-520 Racing Yacht

Full production tooling for this new yacht, to be known as the CF-520 is now under construction at FIBRE Mechanics in Lymington UK...

Boat one is being configured principally for offshore racing and will feature a water ballast tank system designed to reduce the crew numbers to 7 or 8.  However, Carkeek Design Partners and FIBRE Mechanics are making a wide range of equipment options available allowing subsequent boats to be configured to suit different racing programmes.

Detailed specifications and pricing for the standard boat are due for release on Sept 18th. 

Melges IC-37

The Melges IC37 Class was developed to create a racing experience unlike any other. The boat itself is innovative, elegant and simple. One set of 3 sails for all conditions, a rig designed to trim and go, no extra instruments. And yet, remarkable performance in all conditions.

But the IC37 is more than just a new boat. It is an innovative amateur one-design class designed to race with a crew of family and friends. Men and women  -  all sailors who race for the love of the sport.

Which is why the IC37 is now the boat of choice for the Rolex New York Yacht Club Invitational Cup and the Canada’s Cup.

Vantage 86 Catamaran

Nigel Irens designed Blue Water sailing yacht.

• OC Wally Cento
• 84 Mini Maxi
• IMOCA Open 60
• Consultancy Services
• 30m Blue Water Cruiser
• 25m Explorer Yacht
• 24m Fast Cruising Catamaran
• 23m Performance Cruiser
• 20m Explorer Yacht
• 20m High Performance Cruiser
• 18m Blue Water Cruiser
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• 15m Explorer Yacht
• 12m Explorer Yacht
• Multihull Design
• 18m Explorer Yacht
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• 30m Wally Cento
• 24m ORCsy Racer Cruiser
• 24m Day Sailer
• Carbon Component Design
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• Twin Rudder Steering Systems
• Custom Deck Hardware
• Modifications and Refit
• VPP Routing and Sail Analysis
• Classic Yacht Refit & Optimisation
• Naval Architecture
• Engineering
• Rudder Design
• Brokerage Services
• 'Seahorse Magazine' #192
• 'Divoc' #190
• Lucent #180
• Influence #171
• 'Eora' #169
• 'The Three Brothers' #168
• 'Edenred' #165
• 'BHB3' #163
• 'Teata' #148
• 'Kite' #144
• ‘Sensei’ #131
• 'Gryphon' #106
• 'Horizon' #104
• 'Sabre II' #93
• 'Letto Di Pletto' #47
• 'Mowgli' #41
• 'Graybeard' #39
• 23.8m Ultime Trimaran
• 20.7m Orma Trimaran
• 18.28m Orma Trimaran
• 16.75m Cruising Catamaran
• 16.1m Cruising Catamaran
• 12.8m Crowther Shockwave Catamaran
• 9.1m Seacart 30 Trimaran
• 26.3m Aluminium Sloop
• 21.0m Steel Schooner
• 21.0m Aluminium Cruising Ketch
• 20.0m Aluminium Explorer Yacht
• 20.0m Luca Brenta Racer Cruiser
• 19.6m Aluminium Bluewater Cruiser
• 19.2m Aluminium Lifting Keel Sloop
• 18.8m Custom Steel Sloop
• 16.0m Sly Cruiser Racer
• 14.5m Aluminium Cruising yacht
• 13.87m Wooden Motor Sailer
• 25.25m Reichel Pugh Maxi
• 18.28m IMOCA 60 Nexans WeWise
• 18.28m IMOCA 60 'Canada Ocean Racing'
• 18.28m IMOCA 60 One Planet
• 15.85m TP52 Georgia
• 15.84m TP52 Racing Yacht 'Alizee'
• 15.25m Pegasus Open 50
• 12.8m Fast 40
• 10.89m Figaro 3
• 10.11m Sun Fast 3300
• 19.2m Lifting Keel Sloop
• 14.5m Aluminium Cruising Yacht

Owen Clarke Design are one of the world's leading companies of racing yacht designers and naval architects. We specialise in the design and naval architecture of high performance racing yachts and sailboats. We have considerable experience of working within a design team as well as acting as lead designers on large complex projects. Below are examples of a number of boat types and classes we've been involved with in over three decades of design, construction and build project management of racing yachts: OC are probably most well-known for our eight IMOCA Open 60 canting keel, pre-preg carbon short-handed boats, such as Offshore Team Germany, which when launched as Acciona, was the first zero emissions, zero fossil fuel racing yacht to race the Vendee Globe. To discuss any fully crewed or short-handed custom racing yacht project, email: To view our largest racing yacht designs go to: For an explanation of the technology behind the design process go to: For an insight into our engineering and detailed design work go to:

               

28' Teague Custom Marine Daytona Eliminator

Cigarette 42X

29' Nordic Deckboat

48' MTI 203 MPH Capable48 MTI Turbine Powered Catamaran

27' Eliminator 27 Speedster

36' Hallett by Barron Offshore

33' Donzi Z33

55' MTI 2025 55 MTI Catamaran

11' homebuilt Hydroplane

30' Predator C30

44' MTI 44 RP

51' Sport Yacht Racing Yacht

32' 32 Doug Wright Race Full carbon wide body

36' Spectre Cat 36

32' Doug Wright 32 Carbon wide body

37' Warlock 37 Cat

21' Catamaran Baker

18' Summerford Racing STV Pro Comp

30' Warlock Off Shore Racing

25' Eliminator Daytona 69900

35' Sonic 35ss

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Designed to bridge the gap between entry level equipment and high performance racing shells, this gel coated fibreglass and carbon single-skin laminate training shell is an ideal option for clubs looking for an affordable, durable racing shell. The forgiving single-skin hull offers excellent impact resistance under the waterline for a great price and shares the same hull shape as our high performance racing shells. The competitor comes as standard with aluminium bow or stern wing riggers.

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For youth racing and development programs. Designed for entry level activity, this training single features a durable gel-coated fibreglass hull, hard-coated aluminium wing riggers and a 3-chamber closed-hull construction. This boat has a much lower price point than the rest of our range, making fleet purchases possible for most clubs for getting as many children out on the water at one time as possible.

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America's cup: patched-up team nz coast to victory in return to racing.

Team New Zealand. Photo: America's Cup

America's Cup defenders New Zealand returned to racing and notched an easy win after repairing the damage sustained by their AC75 boat when they were hauling it out of the water two days earlier .

New Zealand's foiling mono-hull was badly damaged while being craned ashore after the first day of the competition to decide who will challenge them next month for the oldest international sporting trophy, known as the "Auld Mug".

All team members were safe after Thursday's drama and the Kiwi shore crew worked round the clock to get back onto the Mediterranean off Barcelona, missing only one day of racing.

Team New Zealand said in a statement their boat was sailing as it always had following the repairs and they were happy with its performance, although they did not get to complete a full race as their opponents France had equipment problems.

Chief executive Grant Dalton on Friday described how the team had cut a broken section out of the bottom of the hull and said the repair process was like "building a new piece of boat".

The America's Cup boats are craned ashore after racing and sit on huge cradles which keep their hulls supported and their huge foils and deep rudders protected. They are kept in hangar-like "sheds" where the teams can work on them.

As defenders, New Zealand do not have to qualify for the head-to-head final, but are participating in the round-robin series which represents an early stage in the contest to decide which of five potential challengers faces them in October.

Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland and the United States have all entered crews hoping to become the challenger in their high-tech "boats, which travel above the water on hydrofoils.

The 'double round-robin' series, sees all the teams compete against each other twice and will decide which four of the potential challengers go through to the semi-finals, which start in mid-September.

Louis Vuitton Cup standings

Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli 3 wins 0 losses

Ineos Britannia 2-1

American Magic 2-2

Orient Express Racing Team 1-2

Alinghi Red Bull Racing 0-3

Team NZ 2-1 (races don't count toward the Louis Vuitton Cup standings)

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Team nz pulls out of racing after dropping boat.

Team New Zealand said the crane failed while lifting the boat onto its cradle and they won't race on Saturday while the damage is assessed.

Team NZ aim for return to America's Cup challenger series next round

Team New Zealand are hoping to rejoin racing in the America's Cup challengers after repairs are completed on their damaged boat.

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