crewing a sailboat

Resources updated 8/28/2023 by Transitions Abroad

We were heaved to in the middle of the Atlantic, the sails of the 40-foot sloop set in such a way that the boat drifted slowly through the water, riding gently upon the heaving ocean swell that rose and fell with cosmic regularity. The puffy trade wind clouds marched across the sky in the perpetual easterly breeze. The sea itself was an indescribable shade of deep blue that exists only in deep waters far offshore, a color for which we have no word.

I was on the lee deck, wedged between the coach roof and the lifelines, bracing myself against the swell, gripping an old plastic sextant and practicing my sun sights. Engaging in a method of navigation used for centuries is to truly become one with the universe, a sensation long lost among the lives of those on shore. After plotting my line of position that I obtained by calculating the angle of the sun on the horizon, I figured we were around 26 degrees North latitude, 65 degrees West longitude, just about halfway between Charleston, SC, and our landfall in the Virgin Islands. We were seven days off the East Coast, another seven or so more to sail. We had finally adjusted to life at sea, the simple life of living in tune with the universe.

Traveling and Working as a Volunteer Crew Member

Amazingly, I was along for this trip of a lifetime as a volunteer crew member. The owner had paid my way, provided the food onboard, and would pay for a return ticket from Tortola upon our successful delivery of his yacht to the islands, where he planned to use it over the winter months. The 40-foot, French-built sloop boat was incredibly comfortable for the four of us onboard — my father, another 20-something young woman, and the volunteer French captain. We had a nicely-sized galley with working refrigeration, ample sleeping space, and plenty of food (and coffee) for two weeks at sea.

Traveling the world by sailboat is a dream shared by many but experienced by few — more often than not, thrown to the wind and destroyed by careers, commitments, and shore side attachments. But life is gratifying for those who commit to the sea — simple in its routines yet profoundly natural.

As a lifelong sailor and professional captain, I have traveled the world by every means imaginable, yet I have found that the best way to travel is under sail. For those looking for a unique way to see the world and experience life, becoming volunteer crew doing yacht deliveries is an exciting, unique, and reasonably affordable way to get around.

How to Find the Right Boat to Work On

Yacht deliveries can range from taking a neglected 32-footer built in the 1960s from Bermuda to Nova Scotia in the dead of winter (which I have unfortunately experienced) to sailing a sparkling new 70-footer in the warm Trade Winds of the Caribbean, island hopping your way around some of the most beautiful sailing grounds in the world. So it pays to do some research before signing up for any trip that is out there.

Walk to Docks to Find a Boat: Ironically, the best way to get a job as a delivery crew member is to arrive in a new port on a sailboat and walk the docks looking for work. Unfortunately, the age-old catch-22 situation rears its ugly head — you need experience to be crew, yet need to crew to gain experience. Suppose you are lucky enough to live in a sailing city — such as Annapolis, MD, Ft Lauderdale, FL, or any coastal town in the Caribbean or Mediterranean. In that case, walking the docks and talking to people is your best bet for finding a boat. The girl on my last trip found our boat precisely that way. She was a local from Charleston, SC, simply looking for sailing experience and a ride to the islands where she wanted to pursue her kite surfing passion. Since we were only three then, we welcomed her extra help, even though she had never been on a sailboat before.

Use the Internet: If you are like me, come from a rural inland town, or are otherwise far removed from the ocean, the Internet is helpful and provides another way to find a boat. Several websites are dedicated to finding crew, particularly for deliveries, and they often allow you free access. Professional delivery skippers often post ads looking for volunteer crew people, and it is usually just a matter of sending your resume, a photo, and a short email about why you want to crew that will get you on a boat. Frequently these skippers are willing to take inexperienced crew as a third or fourth member and are usually very amenable to teaching.

Take Part in “Cruising Rallies”: Increasing numbers of retired businessmen and women are buying boats with big dreams of crossing big oceans without the knowledge, skill, or confidence to do so alone. Several career sailors have recognized this problem, and "Cruising Rallies" are becoming increasingly popular in all the world's oceans. They are organized by experienced sailors with thousands of ocean miles, and together with up to 50 other boats, inexperienced sailors (primarily retirees) can cross the ocean of their dreams in the relative safety of the group with experienced leadership. Once in port, these newfound ocean sailors have the added benefit of organized parties and events to share the joys of their first ocean passage with others.

You can be a part of the increasing popularity of cruising rallies, and many of the organizations behind the logistics maintain websites and crew registers. The Carib 1500, for example, is perhaps the most popular cruising rally on this side of the Atlantic, with nearly 50 boats, all over 40 feet (and many much bigger), sailing non-stop from Norfolk, VA, to Tortola in the British Virgin Islands. The rally occurs after hurricane season and before the onset of winter, in early November. They also organize a return rally in May from Tortola to Bermuda. From there, the boats split up and headed east to Europe or back to the U.S.

What About Experience?

Many captains, including myself, require at least one if not two, professional or very seasoned sailors to join them on a major ocean crossing. However, like me, many are more than willing to take a few extra inexperienced sailors or intrepid adventurers along for the ride and are often willing to instruct them along the way.

The key to finding a boat to sail on is to present yourself as a trustworthy person eager to join the trip. Ulterior motives are often very apparent, and no captain is willing to take along someone just looking for a free ride.

Working Aboard the Sailing Boat

The work aboard an ocean sailing boat is difficult, tiring, and unending. A passage of even ten days sounds short, yet when you're on a watch schedule of four hours on and eight hours off, one day seems like two, and you must adapt to an utterly different way of life than the one you are accustomed to ashore. Everyone shares in all the duties involved in running the boat, from standing watch in the rain at 2 a.m. to cooking breakfast and making coffee. Then you must clean up upon arrival when the boat is in shambles, and you have not had a freshwater shower in two weeks.

Life at sea is incredibly raw and incredibly basic. Your world shrinks to the three miles or so you can see in every direction before the horizon curves out of view. A passing freighter is often the most exciting thing on a given day. The intense discomfort of being salty and sticky for two weeks is offset by the rewards of a cloudless night watch under a new moon. The sky is so dark you can scarcely see your hand in front of your face, yet the stars fill the night sky like an enormous diamond exploding in the center of the universe, sending fragments to every corner of space. You will see more shooting stars on one night watch than you would in a lifetime ashore; at sea, the lights of civilization do not pollute the sky.

Ocean Sailing Makes the World Feel Big Again

In our age of instant communication and light-speed travel, crossing even a short distance in a sailboat reminds us that despite our attempts to shrink the world with technology, our planet remains one enormous place. After two weeks at sea, watching a distant island grow on the horizon provides an indescribable feeling of accomplishment. The first beer ashore never tasted better, and a freshwater shower after weeks of bathing in the salty ocean is a blessing from Heaven.

If you plan accordingly and have ample time, traveling the globe by "hitchhiking" on sailing yachts is a unique and rewarding way to see the world. After the first trip, you still gain experience, and finding and sailing on additional boats becomes progressively easier. You will save thousands on airfare and gain a greater appreciation for the distances we travel so quickly through the sky. But most importantly, you will return to nature, experience life with a stronger sense of connection to the universe, and return with unforgettable stories. You will change.

Andy Schell is a professional captain and freelance writer who lives aboard his sailboat Arcturus in Annapolis, MD, and travels extensively.

What To Pack When Crewing On A Sailboat: Tips From Cruisers Forum

• Last updated Nov 29, 2023
• Difficulty Beginner

• Category United States

Crewing on a sailboat can be an exciting and adventurous experience, but making sure you have everything you need for the journey can be a challenge. To help you navigate this task, we've gathered some tips from seasoned sailors on the Cruisers Forum. Whether you're a seasoned sailor or a first-time crew member, this guide will ensure you have all the essentials to make your sailing adventure safe and enjoyable. From clothing to safety equipment, we've got you covered. So, grab your sea legs and let's dive into what to pack when crewing on a sailboat!

What You'll Learn

What are the essential items that crew members should pack when joining a sailboat, are there any specific clothing or gear recommendations for crew members on a sailboat, are there any personal documents or paperwork that crew members should bring with them, how much storage space is typically available for crew members to store their belongings on a sailboat, are there any specific safety items or equipment that crew members should consider bringing on a sailboat.

When joining a sailboat as a crew member, it is important to pack the essential items that will ensure your comfort, safety, and overall enjoyment throughout your time at sea. Whether you are embarking on a short-term sailing trip or a long-term sailing adventure, here are the key items you should include in your packing list.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Safety should always be a top priority when sailing, so make sure to pack the necessary PPE. This includes a well-fitting life jacket, a safety harness, and a personal locator beacon (PLB) or an emergency position-indicating radio beacon (EPIRB). These items will provide you with the necessary protection in case of an emergency.

Seasickness Medication:

Even if you have never experienced seasickness before, it is always a good idea to bring seasickness medication with you. The motion of the boat can be unpredictable, and even the most seasoned sailors can fall victim to seasickness. Consult with a medical professional to determine the best medication for you and pack enough to last the entire trip.

Proper Clothing:

When packing clothing for a sailing trip, consider the weather conditions you will encounter on the boat and at sea. Lightweight, quick-drying fabrics are ideal, as they will keep you comfortable even if they get wet. Pack plenty of layers to accommodate changing weather conditions, including waterproof and windproof jackets, thermal base layers, and breathable shirts and pants. Don't forget a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun's harmful rays.

Ensure you have appropriate footwear for the different activities you will engage in while on the sailboat. Non-slip, closed-toe shoes are essential for walking on the deck, as they provide traction and protect your feet. For water activities, such as snorkeling or swimming, pack water shoes or sandals that can get wet and dry quickly. Additionally, bring a pair of comfortable shoes for exploring on land during shore excursions.

Essential Toiletries:

Pack a basic toiletry kit containing items such as a toothbrush, toothpaste, toilet paper, soap, shampoo, and any other personal hygiene products you use on a daily basis. It is also advisable to bring motion sickness bands or patches if you are prone to seasickness.

Navigation Tools and Electronics:

If you are an experienced sailor, you may want to bring your own navigation tools, such as a compass, nautical charts, and a handheld GPS device. These tools will help you better understand the boat's position and aid in navigation. Additionally, bring any electronic devices you may need, including a smartphone, camera, and their respective chargers. Make sure to protect these electronics from water damage by storing them in waterproof bags or cases.

Personal Entertainment:

While sailing can be a thrilling and rewarding experience, there may be downtime during long passages or when anchored. To keep yourself entertained, pack books, magazines, playing cards, or any other lightweight and portable forms of entertainment that you enjoy. Additionally, consider bringing a musical instrument if you know how to play one, as it can be a great way to pass the time and entertain your fellow crew members.

Remember, space on a sailboat is limited, so pack only the essential items that you will use and need during your time at sea. Proper preparation and packing will ensure that you have a safe and enjoyable sailing experience.

Essential Items to Pack for a 10 Day Trip

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When it comes to sailing, it is important to dress appropriately and have the right gear to ensure safety and comfort on the water. Whether you are going for a day sail or embarking on a longer voyage, here are some clothing and gear recommendations for crew members on a sailboat.

Clothing Recommendations:

• Base Layers: In colder conditions, it is essential to wear a good base layer to keep warm. Opt for moisture-wicking materials like merino wool or synthetic fabrics that will keep you dry and insulated.
• Mid Layers: Layering is key in sailing as it allows you to adjust your clothing according to the changing weather conditions. Fleece jackets or sweaters are ideal mid-layers as they provide extra warmth without restricting movement.
• Outer Layers: A waterproof and windproof jacket is a must-have for all sailors. Look for jackets with adjustable hoods, cuffs, and waistbands for a custom fit and enhanced protection against the elements.
• Trousers: Sailing trousers or bibs with reinforced knees and seat areas are highly recommended to protect against wet and abrasive surfaces. Look for ones with adjustable shoulder straps for a secure fit.
• Footwear: Invest in a good pair of sailing boots or deck shoes with non-slip soles. These will provide traction on wet surfaces and protect your feet from sharp objects or heavy equipment.
• Hats and Gloves: A wide-brimmed hat or a cap with a neck flap is essential to protect your face and neck from the sun. Sailing gloves are also important to prevent blisters and provide a better grip on ropes.

Gear Recommendations:

• Life Jacket or Personal Flotation Device (PFD): Every crew member should have a properly fitting life jacket or PFD that is approved by the relevant maritime authorities. Make sure to check its condition and buoyancy regularly.
• Safety Harness and Tether: A safety harness is worn around the waist or chest and has a tether that attaches to a strong point on the boat. This prevents crew members from falling overboard and allows them to move around the deck safely.
• Whistle and Flashlight: Keep a whistle attached to your life jacket or PFD in case you need to alert others to your position. Additionally, a waterproof flashlight is useful for signaling or illuminating the deck in poor visibility.
• Sunscreen and Sunglasses: Protecting your skin and eyes from the sun's harmful rays is crucial. Opt for a high SPF sunscreen and wear polarized sunglasses that reduce glare and improve visibility on the water.
• Dry Bags: Keep your personal belongings, such as wallets, smartphones, and spare clothing, in waterproof dry bags. This will ensure they stay dry even if the boat gets wet or capsizes.
• Marine Tool Kit: Carry a basic marine tool kit that includes essential items like a knife, wrenches, pliers, and a multitool. These tools can be handy for performing onboard repairs or maintenance.

It is important to note that specific clothing and gear recommendations may vary depending on the type of sailing, weather conditions, and personal preferences. It is always a good idea to consult experienced sailors or instructors for advice tailored to your specific needs. Additionally, be sure to familiarize yourself with safety procedures and regulations before setting sail. Happy sailing!

Essential Items to Pack for an Unforgettable Viking River Cruise

As crew members prepare for their adventures at sea, there are some personal documents and paperwork that they should bring with them to ensure a smooth and hassle-free journey. These documents are important for various reasons, such as identification, proof of qualifications, and emergency situations. In this article, we will discuss the essential documents that crew members should have on hand.

• Passport: The most important document for any traveler, crew members should always carry their passport with them. This serves as their primary form of identification and is required for entry into different countries. It is also important to ensure that the passport is valid for at least six months beyond the intended stay.
• Seafarers' Identity Document (SID): Many countries require crew members to hold a SID, also known as a seaman's book. This document proves the individual is a seafarer and provides details about their qualifications and experience. It is essential to check if the SID is required for the specific destination and to have it readily available.
• Certificates and Licenses: Depending on the crew member's position, they may require specific qualifications or licenses. These could include certificates for basic safety training, medical fitness, firefighting, navigation, and more. It is essential to carry these certificates as they serve as proof of the crew member's competence to perform their assigned duties.
• Medical Records: Crew members should have their medical records on hand, including copies of any prescriptions, vaccinations, and relevant health certificates. These records are crucial in case of an emergency or if medical treatment is needed while at sea. It is also advisable to have a comprehensive travel insurance policy that covers medical expenses in case of illness or injury.
• Crew Agreement: The crew agreement is a contract between the crew member and the ship's owner or operator. It outlines the terms and conditions of employment, including wages, working hours, responsibilities, and benefits. This document should be kept in a safe place and easily accessible for reference if needed.
• Emergency Contacts: It is vital for crew members to have a list of emergency contacts readily available. This should include the contact information for their next of kin, as well as the contact details for the shipping company or shore-based support network. In case of an emergency or sudden need for assistance, having these contacts readily available can be lifesaving.

In addition to the documents mentioned above, crew members may also need to carry additional paperwork specific to their role or the ship they are serving on. This could include port clearance documents, visas, and local permits. It is crucial to check the specific requirements for each destination and ensure all necessary documents are in order before embarking on the journey.

In conclusion, crew members should bring several personal documents and paperwork with them to ensure a smooth and hassle-free experience at sea. These documents include a valid passport, seafarers' identity document, relevant certificates and licenses, medical records, crew agreement, and emergency contacts. By being prepared and organized with these essential documents, crew members can focus on their duties and enjoy their time at sea with peace of mind.

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When it comes to living on a sailboat, space is a precious commodity. Every square inch counts, and maximizing storage is essential. This is particularly true when it comes to crew members and their belongings. So, how much storage space is typically available for crew members on a sailboat? Let's delve into the specifics.

The amount of storage space available on a sailboat can vary depending on the size and design of the vessel. Larger sailboats generally have more storage space, while smaller boats have limited storage options. However, even on larger boats, crew members must prioritize their belongings and pack efficiently.

Typically, crew members on a sailboat are given specific storage areas for their personal items. These storage areas can include lockers, cabinets, and closets. The size and number of these storage areas will depend on the boat's design.

In addition to the designated storage areas, crew members can also use under-bed storage compartments, overhead bins, and even unused nooks and crannies to store their belongings. Every available space must be utilized to ensure that there is enough room for everyone's items.

When it comes to packing for life on a sailboat, crew members must be strategic. They should pack only essential items and avoid bringing unnecessary belongings. This includes choosing clothing items that can be mixed and matched to maximize outfit options while taking up minimal space. Packing cubes and vacuum bags can also be used to compress clothing and save space.

Furthermore, crew members should consider the size and weight of their belongings. Bulky and heavy items should be avoided as they take up valuable space and can impact the boat's stability.

Some sailboats may also have additional storage options, such as a lazarette or a storage locker on the deck. These spaces are ideal for storing equipment and gear that are not needed on a daily basis.

It is important to note that sailboats also have limited weight capacities. Exceeding the boat's weight limit can affect its performance, maneuverability, and stability. Therefore, crew members must be mindful of the weight of their belongings and distribute the load evenly throughout the boat.

In conclusion, the amount of storage space available for crew members on a sailboat can vary depending on the size and design of the vessel. However, regardless of the boat's size, crew members must pack strategically, prioritize essential items, and utilize every available storage space. By being mindful of space and weight limitations, crew members can ensure that there is ample room for their belongings while maintaining the boat's balance and functionality.

Essential Items to Pack for Your Trip to Tahiti

Sailing can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience, but it is also important to prioritize safety on the water. Whether you are going on a short day trip or embarking on a longer journey, there are certain safety items and equipment that crew members should consider bringing on a sailboat. These items can help ensure your safety and the safety of your fellow crew members in case of an emergency.

• Life jackets: Life jackets are arguably the most important safety item to have on a sailboat. Every crew member should have their own properly fitted life jacket. Make sure to check that they are in good condition and have not expired. Life jackets should be worn at all times while on deck, especially when conditions are rough or during night passages.
• Safety harnesses and jacklines: Safety harnesses and jacklines should be used in conjunction with life jackets. These items are essential for preventing crew members from falling overboard. A safety harness is worn around the body and is usually attached to a jackline, which is a strong line running the length of the boat. This allows crew members to move about the deck safely, even in rough conditions.
• EPIRB: An Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a distress signal that can be activated in case of an emergency. It sends out a signal that can be picked up by search and rescue satellites, allowing authorities to locate your position quickly. Every sailboat should have an EPIRB on board and crew members should be familiar with how to use it.
• Fire extinguishers: It is important to have at least one fire extinguisher on board a sailboat. Fires can be especially dangerous on a boat, where escape routes may be limited. Make sure the extinguisher is easily accessible and in good working condition. It is also a good idea to have a fire blanket on board for smothering smaller fires.
• Flares and signaling devices: Flares are essential for alerting others to your distress and attracting attention in case of an emergency. Make sure to check the expiration dates on flares regularly and replace them as needed. In addition to flares, it is also a good idea to carry other signaling devices such as a whistle or signaling mirror.
• First aid kit: Having a well-stocked first aid kit on board is important for treating minor injuries and illnesses. Make sure the kit includes basic supplies such as bandages, antiseptics, pain relievers, and any necessary prescription medications. It is also important to be familiar with basic first aid techniques and have crew members trained in CPR.
• Navigation equipment: Proper navigation equipment, such as charts, compasses, and a GPS, are essential for safely navigating on a sailboat. Make sure to have updated charts for the areas you will be sailing in and know how to use them. It is also a good idea to have a backup GPS or handheld navigation device in case of equipment failure.
• VHF radio: A VHF radio is an essential communication device on a sailboat. It allows for communication with other boats, as well as with marinas and rescue services. Make sure to have a waterproof handheld VHF radio on board and be familiar with how to use it.

In addition to the above items, it is important to have a safety plan in place and to conduct regular safety drills with your crew. This includes practicing man overboard drills and emergency procedures. By being prepared and having the necessary safety items and equipment on board, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable sailing experience for everyone involved.

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Frequently asked questions.

When crewing on a sailboat, it's important to pack light and bring essential items. Some items you might want to consider bringing include: a sailing knife, a headlamp, a waterproof jacket and pants, non-slip shoes, sunscreen, a hat, sunglasses, a personal first aid kit, a reusable water bottle, and a sleeping bag. It's also a good idea to check with the boat owner or captain to see if they have any specific requirements or recommendations for what to pack.

When dressing for crewing on a sailboat, it's important to prioritize comfort and functionality. Opt for lightweight, breathable clothing that allows for ease of movement. Layers are also a good idea, as weather conditions can change quickly out at sea. Non-slip shoes or boat shoes are essential to ensure traction on a wet deck. Don't forget to bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun.

When crewing on a sailboat, some basic sailing skills are helpful. It's important to have an understanding of sail trim, basic navigation, and how to handle lines and winches. If you're new to sailing, it's a good idea to take a sailing course or spend some time on smaller boats to familiarize yourself with the basics. Additionally, being a team player and having good communication skills are important qualities for a crew member.

Crewing on a sailboat can be physically demanding, so it's important to be in reasonably good shape. Engaging in regular exercise, particularly cardio and strength training, can help improve your endurance and physical abilities. Additionally, practicing balance and stability exercises can be beneficial, as sailing can involve being on a moving and sometimes unsteady surface. It's also a good idea to work on flexibility to ensure ease of movement on the boat.

Crewing on a sailboat can be an exciting and rewarding experience, but it's important to have realistic expectations. You should expect to work as part of a team and follow the directions of the boat owner or captain. You may be responsible for tasks such as handling lines, trimming sails, and assisting with navigation. It's also important to be prepared for challenging conditions, such as rough seas or adverse weather. Remember to have a positive attitude, be flexible, and be open to learning and improving your sailing skills.

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The role of crew positions and duties on a sailboat

Discover the key crew positions and their duties on a sailboat to ensure a safe and enjoyable journey exploring the open sea with your family.

The Role of Crew Positions and Duties on a Sailboat

Sailing is an exciting and fulfilling way to explore the world with your family, but it’s also a complex endeavor that requires a solid understanding of various crew positions and duties. In this article, we’ll delve into the different roles on a sailboat, their responsibilities, and how they contribute to a successful sailing adventure.

Table of Contents

Introduction, watch leader, galley crew, communications officer.

Before we dive into the specific crew positions, it’s important to note that the size and complexity of your sailboat will determine the number of crew members needed. On a smaller boat, one person may take on multiple roles, while larger boats may require a full crew to operate efficiently. Regardless of your boat’s size, understanding the various roles and their duties will help ensure a safe and enjoyable sailing experience.

The skipper, also known as the captain, is the person in charge of the sailboat. They are responsible for the overall safety and well-being of the crew and the vessel. The skipper’s duties include:

• Planning and executing the sailing itinerary
• Ensuring the boat is properly maintained and equipped
• Making decisions regarding navigation, weather, and safety
• Managing the crew and assigning tasks
• Ensuring all crew members are trained and competent in their roles
• Handling emergencies and making critical decisions under pressure

The skipper should have extensive sailing experience, strong leadership skills, and a thorough understanding of the boat’s systems and capabilities.

The first mate, or mate, is the skipper’s right-hand person and is responsible for assisting with the management of the boat and crew. The first mate’s duties include:

• Assisting the skipper with navigation, weather, and safety decisions
• Supervising and directing the crew in their tasks
• Stepping in as skipper if the skipper is incapacitated or unavailable

The first mate should have strong sailing skills, good communication and leadership abilities, and a solid understanding of the boat’s systems and capabilities.

The navigator is responsible for planning and executing the boat’s course, taking into account factors such as weather, currents, and hazards. The navigator’s duties include:

• Creating and updating the boat’s passage plan
• Monitoring the boat’s position and progress using charts, GPS, and other navigational tools
• Identifying and avoiding potential hazards, such as reefs, shoals, and shipping traffic
• Communicating with the skipper and crew regarding the boat’s course and any necessary adjustments

The navigator should have strong navigational skills, a keen eye for detail, and the ability to think critically and make decisions under pressure.

On longer passages, the crew will typically be divided into watches, with each watch responsible for sailing the boat for a set period of time. The watch leader is responsible for overseeing their watch and ensuring the boat is sailed safely and efficiently. The watch leader’s duties include:

• Ensuring the crew on watch is performing their tasks correctly and efficiently
• Monitoring the boat’s course, speed, and sail trim
• Communicating with the skipper and other watch leaders regarding the boat’s progress and any issues that arise
• Ensuring the crew on watch is well-rested and alert

The watch leader should have strong sailing skills, good communication and leadership abilities, and the ability to make decisions under pressure.

The helm, or helmsperson, is responsible for steering the boat and maintaining its course. The helm’s duties include:

• Steering the boat according to the navigator’s instructions
• Monitoring the boat’s speed and adjusting the sails as needed to maintain optimal performance
• Communicating with the crew regarding sail trim and other adjustments
• Keeping a lookout for potential hazards and other vessels

The helm should have strong sailing skills, good communication abilities, and a keen sense of awareness.

Deckhands are responsible for handling the sails, lines, and other equipment on the boat. Deckhand duties include:

• Hoisting, lowering, and trimming sails
• Tying and adjusting lines, such as halyards, sheets, and dock lines
• Assisting with anchoring and mooring the boat
• Performing routine maintenance tasks, such as cleaning and inspecting the rigging

Deckhands should have a basic understanding of sailing and be able to follow instructions and work well as part of a team.

The galley crew is responsible for preparing meals and maintaining the cleanliness and organization of the boat’s galley (kitchen). Galley crew duties include:

• Planning and preparing meals for the crew
• Ensuring the galley is clean and well-stocked
• Managing food storage and waste disposal
• Assisting with other tasks as needed, such as cleaning and maintenance

Galley crew members should have good cooking skills, be well-organized, and able to work efficiently in a small space.

The engineer is responsible for maintaining and repairing the boat’s mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Engineer duties include:

• Performing routine maintenance on the engine, generator, and other systems
• Diagnosing and repairing mechanical, electrical, and plumbing issues
• Ensuring the boat’s systems are operating efficiently and safely
• Assisting with other tasks as needed, such as sail handling and deck work

The engineer should have a strong technical background, good problem-solving skills, and a thorough understanding of the boat’s systems.

The communications officer is responsible for managing the boat’s communication systems, including radios, satellite phones, and internet access. Communications officer duties include:

• Monitoring and operating the boat’s communication systems
• Ensuring the crew is aware of and follows proper communication protocols
• Communicating with other vessels, marinas, and authorities as needed
• Assisting with navigation and weather information

The communications officer should have a strong understanding of communication systems and protocols, good communication skills, and the ability to think critically and make decisions under pressure.

Understanding the various crew positions and their duties is essential for a successful sailing adventure. Whether you’re sailing with a full crew or taking on multiple roles yourself, being well-versed in these responsibilities will help ensure a safe and enjoyable journey for you and your family. As you gain experience and confidence in your sailing abilities, you’ll be better equipped to handle the challenges and rewards that come with living the sailing lifestyle.

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Want to Volunteer Crew on a Sailboat? What You Need to Know

This post contains affiliate links. The Salt Sirens earns from qualifying purchases.

So this is it. You’ve decided to take a Sabbatical year, you want to travel the world after graduating from university, or you’ve left your job to discover new continents before embracing a new career. So many women young and old dream of learning how to sail, discovering remote islands, frolicking on white beaches under coconut trees, exploring luscious jungles, foraging for lunch, and living a life of freedom and adventure at sea.

Some of these women are contemplating buying their own sailboat at some point, but first want to learn the ropes of the craft. Others women want to travel only by wind due to ecological considerations. All of these future novice (this is what beginner crew are called) female crew are enthusiastic, optimistic, trusting, and willing to work hard to live their dream.

Table of Contents

What is volunteer crewing?

Voluntary crewing on boats, where you participate in navigation tasks and chores in exchange for a berth and traveling experience, has grown exponentially since the mid 2000s as more people started to travel the world in this way. Websites where captains could find crew, like Crewbay.com, Findacrew.net, Crewseekers.net, and Facebook groups dedicated to crewing welcomed more and more members, for better or worse, since little vetting is done on these websites. (This combination of high membership numbers and little vetting has had consequences in terms of safety, especially for crew). Thousands of people have therefore started to experience the joys of a life at sea, either as a captain, finding fast help to hold watches, polish the cockpit, or clean the hull, or as crew enjoying discovering the pleasures and challenges of navigation.

The risks of crewing as a woman

This all sounds amazing and doable indeed, but , it is important to mention the risks, especially for women and girls (some start these adventures in their late teens). Hundreds of voluntary crew, unfortunately unaware of these dangers, went through very traumatic experiences as a result of these risks not being mentioned on these platforms. The lack of vetting and follow-through with platforms have put some women at risk. Some were sexually assaulted by predatory captains. Like Hans Klaar , who was convicted for rape in 2011 and was found recruiting female crew in 2021 on Crewbay, where he then assaulted three of them. More recently, one woman has disappeared after joining a boat that was later found gutted by fire. This month, three separate sexual assault charges against sailboat captains in French Polynesia have been issued. The list goes on.

Being on a stranger’s boat, far away from home, sometimes in the middle of the ocean, depending on him for security, schedule, workload, or even food can be very dangerous if you are with an unstable or predatory person. Far from wanting to scare you adventurous ladies, it is important to be aware of these dangers. Unfortunately, stories of intimidation and assault by aggressive captains are not rare, and rarely are these stories posted in the media. I am trying to change this with a collection of victims’ testimonies and the Facebook group called “Sailing Safety for Women” I’ve created.

So, first of all, why don’t we hear about these stories? Well, as a start, because the victims are traumatized and ashamed. The abuse they went through is so harmful to their mental health, most of the time, that they do not want to recall the events by speaking about them with anyone. They want to forget. Also, they are ashamed of having been “tricked” by these toxic captains into joining a boat where they thought they would live a beautiful adventure with a man with high ethical standards and respect for women, as often we wrongly believe sailboats’ captains to be.

They quickly realized that this person who was charming on Crewbay, Findacrew, Facebook (there are many crewing groups on Facebook) and then WhatsApp, was in fact a manipulative person who succeeded in luring them to his boat in order to try and obtain sex from them, or be gravely abusive. Because they had no idea that this type of manipulation even existed, they feel guilty of having been victimized, which of course is not their fault at all. Sometimes, they were even threatened by the abuser with retaliation if they spoke out.

Lastly, isolated, far from home, vulnerable psychologically, sometimes not speaking the local language and/or having spent fortunes in order to reach the sailboat, they are in no position to try and press charges locally, which is required in most cases for a file to be opened. They therefore bury the trauma and try to live with it. As a result, no journalist has been truly made aware of the prevalence of this phenomenon. Now, more victims are speaking up, and the leisure sailing world cannot ignore them any longer.

Safety tips for crewing on a sailboat

So, how can you prevent this from happening to you? Well, we, as a collective of victims of such captains’ abuses and crimes, have developed a whole list of in-depth safety precautions and steps that volunteer female crew can find on the Facebook group, “ Sailing Safety for Women .” We also have a registry of recommendations with reported toxic captains registered, as well as safe and supportive ones. You can consult it via the group in exchange for a donation, as managing the group is a full-time job.

Read the full list of Sailing Safety Tips

Never embark on a sailboat alone

The golden rule is to never embark with a captain alone . The only exception would be if you know him extremely well, and have sailed with him on his boat before. In many cases, captains who are charming and well-loved on land may turn out to be tyrants after a few days at sea, sometimes putting crew’s lives at risk. If you haven’t, always ask to bring a crewmate with you (find one on crewing Facebook groups), or ask to be put in touch with the other crew foreseen prior to embarking. Do not embark alone, even if the other crew cancels: Some captains have indeed been lying about other crew coming in order to be alone with a female crew they’ve recruited. Unfortunately, assaults have happened on boats with couples or even families, so always be on your guard and self-aware. Avoid drinking alcohol on board, at least until you are sure that the atmosphere is healthy and the captain is safe. Once the energy is clear and boundaries for all are secure, you can feel more at ease.

Do not blindly trust crewing platforms and websites

Do not rely on platforms like Crewbay.com or Findacrew.net to weed out abusive captains.

In a testimony to Maritime Legal Aid , one woman (“C”) states, “I was assaulted by a captain and afterwards I reported him to Crewbay.com, the site where he found me. The reaction I received from Crewbay.com was very problematic, and they refused to do any prevention to curb those assaults despite me and other victims asking repeatedly for a year.” The woman then went to report the captain to Findacrew.net to alert them of the captain, where he was allowed continue posting crew recruitments.

Crewbay also refused to publish negative reviews written by former crew members, leading to more women being victimized by the captain.

Editor’s note : After more than a year of victims and advocates asking Crewbay to publish safety precautions alerting female crew of the risks of sexual assault and sexual harassment while crewing on sailboats (there were none on the website since its inception in 2004), Crewbay finally agreed to publish general safety tips. However, their safety tips do not cover the risk of sexual violence towards women and there have been no change to the platform. The specifics of this include users needing to tick a box stating they’ve read through these general safety tips. Victims must show a police report to have the captain removed, a major problem as most victims do not file police reports in fear of retaliation. The onus is once again on the victim to n ot get assaulted rather than the captain to not assault .

Watch for red flags

Reject captains who are looking for novice or lone female crew, request you be okay with nudity in advance, won’t provide references, asks for photos of you in a swimsuit, sends flirtatious messages, or won’t provide proof of their identity and credentials. When communicating, be clear in your expectations. What is the expected food cost? Will fuel and any customs costs be shared? What duties are expected of crew?

Do your due diligence with the safety precautions provided in the “ Sailing Safety for Women ” Facebook group, and don’t hesitate to offer advice everywhere you see female novice crew post, looking for their first sailing experience. They need to be informed as well. Lastly, we need to stand in solidarity with the victims, and demand crewing platforms and Facebook groups that they do everything they can to stop abusive captains stop from victimizing crew in total impunity, as is the case at the moment.

Leila Gold is the admin of the Facebook group “ Sailing Safety for Women “ and an advocate for more safety and well-being for voluntary and professional crew on leisure sailboats. She has been sexually assaulted by a captain found via Crewbay.com on the first evening of her first crewing experience and has since then helped dozens of victims, and warned thousands of female crew about these dangers thanks to her Facebook group. If you wish to support her work, contributions to Sailing Safety for Women Patreon are greatly appreciated.

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How to sail across the Atlantic Ocean As Crew? Tips! | Ocean Nomad

No boat, no much budget and no real sailing experience but a dream to make a big sailing trip! Here's a few waypoints that already help you tackle an Atlantic Ocean Crossing – as Crew.

Tips to help you find (the right!) sailboat to cross the Atlantic Ocean

Willpower and determination.

Believe that It’s gonna happen and tell everyone it’s gonna happen. Then it WILL happen. The law of attraction!

Start the investigations and communications early

The earlier you start searching, the more chances for success! For my the Europe to Caribbean crossing, I started digging into it in July, in August I was all set. Since, I have received 10+ more serious and fun requests.

Read stories of people who made the crossing

It’s fun and it gives you a better idea of what it’s like. Don't underestimate this adventure! Please please inform yourself! Here you can find some more blogs about my boat hitchhiking adventures. A few more great stories and helpful blog posts from boat hitchhikers:

Ask sailors if they have any tips, links or connections

Via via you must know some seafarers. I had some connections from back in days. Everyone is willing to help. It's a great community. From their responses, I realised that making the trip larger, with some island hopping prior and after, than ‘just a crossing’ is way more fun and will teach me way more about sailing. I extend the Atlantic Ocean crossing dream with some island hopping in the Canary Islands and Caribbean archipelagos. So think about WHY you want to do this. Join the Ocean Nomads network to tap into the tips, knowledge and connections of those who are out there. Upcoming adventure gathering:

            View this post on Instagram                     “Luck is what happens when opportunity meets preparation” – Seneca One month ago I met Nathan @shepherd.stories After 3 hours in Las Palmas he found his ride to sail across the Atlantic Ocean 🍀💙🎉⛵️ 2 weeks later he arrived in Barbados and now he’s crossing South America on a motorbike. Good for you Nathan on making the dreams real! And so cool to hear that I’ve been able to help a little with my book Ocean Nomad. Priceless coconut present 🥥 💯👏🍀 Curious to the book? Link in bio! Posted @withregram • @shepherd.stories Just before we set sail for the Atlantic Ocean, Suzanne passes by to wave us farewell. Suzanne greatly contributed to me being successful in hitchhiking across the Atlantic Ocean by the book she wrote. I can recommend it to anyone that considers crossing the Ocean by sailboat. As a way of gratitude I gave her a coconut – her favorite fruit. Thanks again @_oceannomads!” #oceannomad #atlantic #sailing #atlanticocean #boathitchhiking #offshoresailing #sailingaroundtheworld #dreamitdoit A post shared by Big Blue💙 (@oceanpreneur) on Feb 4, 2020 at 11:36am PST

Sign up for the big crew websites

Sign up for the big crew websites. Here's a list of seven crew websites to find a boat. Also, check out facebook groups. There are dozens of them where you can connect with sailors. I created ‘ Atlantic Ocean Crew ‘ on Facebook to help in this department. Whenever I know or hear about an Atlantic Ocean crewing opportunity I post it in the Ocean nomads member network. Lots of vessels already in there who occasionally need crew. Summer 2021 we'll create a little member fleet, most likely in Galicia.

What to put in your crew profile when you have no sailing experience?

Show your value! Sailing experience is desired but a positive attitude and handy hands probably even more. So don’t worry about not having sailing experience. Put in your enthusiasm, your story and other skills (language, cooking, dive, kite, yoga, mechanic, fishing, medical, writing, photography, video, comedian, massage, electrician, dietist, heck if you're good at fridge tetris you have a welcome skill) and you’ll come a long way. In any case, start learning as much as you can. NauticEd is well acknowledged online sailing course platform. Click here to get two free courses .

As a girl who wants to cross the Atlantic, you receive more crew invitations? While it may be ‘easier' you still want to feel safe, secure and comfortable. There may be more opportunities but maybe less ‘matching’ ones. Tips for the women: Narrow down the selection to a boat with a minimum of 4 crew, Skype and check references before accepting anything.

Be at the right place, right time

If the crew websites don't work out, just go to a harbour. Part of the fun! But also part of the costs. You'll find a hostel in the Canary Islands as from 15 euro's/night (Or go couchsurfing ,  housesitting , or boatsitting . Las Palmas has many couchsurf hosts. Airbnb has some nice options, including boats in the harbour.

Hostel recommendations for Las Palmas

+ 5-minute walk to the harbour: La Fabrica  (love the vibe here) and  Alcaravaneras hostel  (has also private rooms).

Another nice hostel is Utopia and Big Fish in Las Canteras but it's a +/- 20-minute walk to the marina from there.

Atlas in La Isleta is another option especially if you're on a tide budget. Here you can also work in exchange for accommodation. It's a little further from the harbour.

Book your hostels in advance. On the spot they charge more and they are often booked out in high season (November- January). I wrote another blog on boat hitchhiking and provisioning in Las Palmas.

You can check out my page on recommended travel resources for budget friendly / free accommodation platforms, making friends, and travel with a positive impact.

When do boats sail across the Atlantic Ocean?

October/November/December/January is when most boats make the Atlantic ocean crossing from East to West, from Europe to the Caribbean. November/December is peak. 2nd half of December not many boats are leaving because of Christmas and Newyear. January has more constant trade-winds. Also In January new boats come in looking for crew. There are only half as many hitch-sailors as in November and December.

In Ocean Nomad , I wrote extensively on when it's a good time to be where, which harbours to go to, and how it all works when you're in the harbour.

Bingo! You got a crew spot on a boat

But is it the right boat? Check!:

• Experience of the captain? Licenses and references
• State of the boat?
• A competent crew on board?
• Insured boat?
• Does the boat have all the necessary equipment? Liferaft, lifejackets, harnesses? Satellite phone? EPIRB? Spares!!?
• Last but not least, learn about the people! Will there be like-minded crew on board? You’re gonna be stuck with them for a while so get to know each other a bit before hand!! Feel comfortable with them.
• Read  Don't be afraid to say no  by Bob Fritz. A well written article of things to bear in mind, check and ask before committing to a boat.
• Say NO! If it doesn't feel right! On the ocean there is no way to go.
• Considerations to asses safety and minimize risk.
• Find the full checklist in Ocean Nomad

Ahoy! Enjoy the ride! Before you know it, you're on the other side.

Would you like to learn more about what's it like to sail across the Atlantic? How to find a boat (and how not)?   How to figure out if it's the right and safe boat? When to be where? What are the Atlantic sailing routes? Which crew websites are worth signing up for? What to pack for a sailing adventure? What's expected of you as crew? And you probably have wayyy more questions! Great! It's not a straightforward adventure and preparation and research is key!

Invest ‘one hostel night' into Ocean Nomad  (Available in E-Book , Kindle or Print ) and save weeks of research by having your Atlantic Ocean Sailing questions answered. Download a free sample. 

Here's what some readers say:

 “I was absolutely amazed: is it really possible to cross an ocean if you don’t have sailing experience!? Inspired by Suzanne’s adventures and her very well provided details and information on the subject, I felt totally ready to throw off the bowlines myself. And I did! To me, Suzanne is THE example of ‘if you put your mind to it, you can do it’. This book will inspire and inform many more adventurous around the world.” – Janneke Dijkhuis “Suzanne has been a major source of inspiration and information! From the first moment I read her writing, I knew that I wanted to do the same! And it worked out! We sailed from Canary Islands to Cape Verde, and went from Cape Verde to Barbados. When we were full of doubts if it was the right thing to do, I returned to what she wrote and re-convinced myself that it was all for the best.” – Paulina on the Road “At almost 400 pages, Ocean Nomad contains actionable information for anyone involved (or interested) in hitch-sailing. More than a simple adventure story, or even a personal memoir of what the author did right and wrong when hitch-sailing (3 times!) across the Atlantic, the book is a comprehensive look at all aspects of hitch-sailing, with interviews of 32 captains and 58 sailors for a wide perspective.” – Jennifer Dunne “As someone who has no boat, no budget, and no sailing experience, but loves to travel and have a good adventure, this book provided everything the author promises and more. While readers can use this as “guide book” to get a boat and plot an adventure crossing an ocean, it also gives readers an in-depth look at the deteriorating state of our oceans and ways both boaters and sailors and the “landlocked” citizens of earth to improve the quality of our waters. I can only imagine the amount of work, preparation, research, and thought that went into this book.  I can recommend this book to anyone who wants to go on an adventure on the ocean, plan out their own adventure, or learn about the health of our oceans and ways we can save them.” – Brian van Dongen  

Ahoy! See you in the harbour!

Hi! My name is Suzanne. I'm here to excite and guide you into slow travel adventures, in tune with nature. 🗺️+15yr Fulltime Adventurer by Sail & Van 🧜‍♀️⛵️🚐✨🏕️

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What kind of boats cross the Atlantic Ocean? 7 Options explained

With great enthusiasm i read even more about crossing the atlantic by means of hitchhiking! I can’t wait to experience it myself!

Just wondering: above several harbours are mentioned to go to. Which are those in the Carribean if you want to head to Europe?

Thanks a lot!

Cheers, Pol

Hey Pol! Thanks! When will you go sailhitching :)? So as from April/May many boats leave the Caribbean before the Hurricane season. Route is Bahamas – Bermuda – Azores – Madeira – Wherever… I would look for big ports in these destinations. I know in the Azores, Horta is the place to be. For the other destinations I have’t looked into it yet. On the crewwebsites many boats are looking now for crew for the West-East crossing! Good luck! And let me know how it goes! Suzanne

There is one point to bear in Mind; a spot in a good boat to cross the Atlántic is only 2.000/3.000 € away.And it all changues from taking anything ,begging for a Spot,always without knowing if they will all leave you “abandoned” ashore, to be choosing a boat,a Company with The responsability to be equiped,and with all experience for it. Then you can be sure of your adventure in advance.So it is not so difficult to be one year working to get that money ,as also those who cross in a sailboat must face a lot of expenses to be doing that. It is a fair trade. I have been in a first crossing without paying,i have got my boat and cross alone,at may own expenses ,and now i work with a Company,nice safe Catamaran,who charter and offers a good deal,three weeks crossing and a week through Caribbean for 2.700€.

And after being in all sides, i think this is the best option.!

Good sailing!,

Very good info. Lucky me I discovered your website by chance (stumbleupon). I’ve bookmarked it for later!

I’m planning a trip to either Canada or New Zealand by hitching with sailing yachts. I’m currently trying to get a place on a yacht for the Atlantic crossing. Just had a guy reject me on the basis of me being a vegetarian. (Or not female : ) What’s your experience with this? Are you a vegetarian? Or have you met other travellers that have had a similar problem? -I’m hoping it won’t be an issue for me. Nice website BTW : )

Hey Michael! Thank you:). If the guy rejects you because you’re vegetarian you’re probably gonna disagree on many more things and it might not be the right boat for you anyway! Don’t worry about that. It’s not an issue. It’s a good thing! There’s many boats that are happy to take a vegetarian on board. Since i’m getting way more aware of what’s happening in our ocean and food production in general i’m in the process of becoming vegetarian. How’s the boat hunt going? Enjoy the journey!

Hi! Great info and tips you got there! We’re a Swedish couple on our grand hitchhikeing tour from Berlin to South America. Since we’re a couple we’d prefer to do the Atlantic crossing together. Do you think it’ll be hard to find a crew that accepts two lovebirds?

Cheers, Melina &Linus

Hey! Thanks for this! I love finding your website! I am now in Greece, flying to Belgium and Amsterdam for NY and then eager to cross after this! All of your info and super delightful enthusiasm aaaand positive attitude are A) super helpful in regards to following my dreams and B) super awesome to just have such a sister reflecting and BEING such awesomeness in this world here!!! Thank you Suzanne! Much love and enjoy your sweet holydays darlin!!! xxx Kylie

Thank you very much for this assuring and informative post! :)

My boyfriend and I want to cross the Atlantic Sea in october leaving from Tenerife. Did you meet any couples doing “hitchboating”? :) How feasable is it, to do hitchboating as a couple?

Enjoy your travels!

Thanks a lot for your ideas! :)

Hi woder if you could help me wanted to track down owner or skipper of Cyclos 2. We are interested in buying the boat but not through brokers. Could you forward my contact email so we can touch base a discuss the boat in more detail. Sounds like you had a great time on her with your travels.

Appreciate your help.

Thanks Mark Frankham New Zealand Mobile Phone is 021 766 181

Hi Mark! I will send you an email with CC (previous) captain. He will know! It’s an A-MA-ZING boat to sail! IF you’re buying it and you ever need crew, don’t hesitate to contact me. Would LOVE to sail her again! Good luck! Suzanne

Hi Suzanne, Newbie here looking to cross West-East in April next year :) Thank you for such a helpful article! Just wanted to say that the link to the crew websites recommended by you doesn’t work. Best, Liza

Hey Liza! Glad it was of help :) And thanks for letting me know. Time for some updates:) Cheers, Suzy

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Positions on a Racing Sailboat

Last Updated by

Gabriel Hannon

August 30, 2022

‍ The success of a racing sailboat depends entirely on the ability of each person on the boat to know and execute their role in high-pressure situations.

While boat-dependent, all positions are some combination of the responsibilities of driver, bow, tactician, trimmer, and pit. The driver makes the final decisions and steers, while the other crew members play various roles providing information, trimming sails, and keeping the boat moving fast.

The fundamental responsibilities of sailboat racing do not change, regardless of the number of people aboard. Someone in a one-person dinghy has to be able to keep track of the course, make tactical decisions, trim sails, steer, watch for new breeze and other boats, and ensure that they are set up for the next leg. On a larger boat, with more sails, more controls, and more required coordination, these jobs still exist and are distributed amongst various crew members. We will go through the basic crew setups of various one-design racing boats from one through four crew members to develop how the increase in crew and complexity begins to distribute the responsibilities of making the boat go fast across the team. Then, we will make some general claims about bigger boats, but as everything gets more confusing in the larger crews, we will not specify too much.

Over years of racing boats of all sizes, I’ve seen these crew roles respond to personal skills, different boat setups, strange habits, and teamwork to the point where everyone can respond to different events seamlessly. Sometimes these roles are perfectly well-defined, but sometimes a quick-thinking crew will switch positions on a dime to make up for a mistake in an entirely unorthodox way that is somehow perfect. On smaller boats, people have different priorities and different ways to work through all their responsibilities, but on all the best boats it is the people who know how to excel in their role, and how to make life easier for all their teammates by knowing exactly what they need, who make a sailboat go. Let’s get into it!

Table of contents

‍ The One-Person Dinghy: It’s All on You

You could argue that sailing, at its most basic, boils down to one sailor, a handful of lines, and a tiller against the breeze and water. Perhaps it would be a ridiculous argument, as sailing has always relied on people working together, but there is something to seeing who can go out there and be the one to make it work the best. When all the responsibilities for every inch of the boat fall on one person, it is interesting to see who has everything in sync the best. There is no specific title for this position, but I suppose you could call them

The Single-Handed Sailor

There are fundamentally three aspects to sailboat racing: boat speed, boat handling, and tactics. The single-handed sailor has to excel in each dimension. The best case study for a single-handed boat is the ILCA Dingy, once known as the Laser, but other notable racers include the Opti, Finn, RS Aero, Moth, and Wazsp classes.  

Boat speed comes down to trimming the sails properly for the angle to the wind. This means adjusting not only how far in and out the sail is, but also tuning specific control lines to give the sail the ideal shape for wind strength and direction. Making micro-adjustments to sail trim while dealing with all the other aspects of the race may not seem like much, but they can make the difference between winning and falling behind. While on larger boats there are entire positions dedicated to this, the single-handed sailor has to deal with this the whole time.

Other factors in boat speed concern steering through the wind shifts and wave sequences properly and keeping the boat flat by hiking out. This often includes being able to shift weight in precise ways to keep the boat optimally balanced and cutting through the waves.

Boat Handling

While boat speed forms the basis of all sailing, it is also crucial to know how to maneuver the boat through course changes. Windows in sailing races are small, and being able to get a boat into a lane is often a fraught affair. Having the confidence to trim the sails properly and maneuver sharply while still maintaining speed is a huge boost to a racer. Turning points at marks or directional switches while tacking and gybing are where many of the gains in a race come, and a clean tack coming into the top mark on port can mean the difference between leading the fleet and having to duck behind a parade of 30 boats. Being able to put on the brakes and accelerate quickly is key in tight spaces along the start line, and is a weapon for the best sailors.

Singlehanded racers have total control over their boat handling. Changes in direction come down to perfect synchronization of sail trim, steering, and body weight, and the single-handed sailor has to account for how every single adjustment affects these maneuvers. Some of the best boat handlers grow up racing single-handed boats; the feel developed sailing solo is hard to beat but requires years of fine-tuning and muscle memory.

All the speed and maneuverability in the world does not do much if you don’t know where to put the boat. Like any sport, the fundamentals are simple, but becoming a master takes a lifetime. The single-handed sailor must hold the entire course, the regularity of the wind shifts, the tendencies of the current, the positions of the other sailors, and their own plans in the front of their minds while pushing the boat as hard as possible.

While this is no place to discuss the intricacies of upwind tactics or the fastest lines on a downwind in different boats, the singlehanded sailor has to be able to think and make decisions tactically then execute those decisions themselves. This is such a large task that bigger boats will often have someone whose entire job is just to call breeze and tactics.

The single-handed sailor is without a doubt a jack-of-all-trades. We will discuss various terms for different crew-members on bigger boats, and while you could use the terms ‘skipper’ or ‘driver’ for the single-handed sailor, this does not quite say it all, so we save these positions for the bigger boats. We will not explicitly break the other boats down by who is in charge of boat speed, boat handling, and tactics, but roles can generally sort into various levels of responsibility for these categories.  

The Two-Person Racer: The Best (or worst) Way to Get to Know Another Person

On a two-person boat, of which common examples include the various 420 classes, the Olympic Classes (470, 49er, Nacra 17) among many others, responsibilities are slightly split, but this distribution comes with the tradeoff of greatly increased complexity and coordination requirements. Double-handed boats tend to have at least two, and often three, sails, require more involved tuning, move much faster, and occasionally require single or double trapezing. The very best doublehanded pairings move as one, but this type of coordination requires both sailors to have an intimate knowledge of their role and the dynamic balance of the boat. Without further ado, the common positions:

The Skipper (Driver)

The skipper of the boat steers the boat. On different types of boats, they have different trimming and setting responsibilities, most often including the mainsheet--though the 49er is a notable exception. You can call them either a skipper or a driver, but you rarely say that ‘you skipper;’ instead, you would say that ‘you drive,’ so the latter term has begun to stick as the position as well.

As they are the person driving the boat, the driver tends to make the final tactical decision. They do this in collaboration with the crew, who is often going to be feeding information about the course and competitors to the driver, but the final decision comes down to the person holding the stick (forgive the vernacular, if you may).

Different double-handed teams often have different dynamics. In some, the driver will primarily be focused on tactics, while the crew has to keep their head in the boat making it go fast, while in others the skipper lets the crew make such calls while focusing on the breeze right in front of them, it all depends. Boat handling requires nigh on perfect coordination, and skippers must keep their crews alerted to any upcoming maneuvers.  

The unsung heroes of many a double-handed pairing, a good driver can sail well with an ok crew, but a crack crew can take a skipper with some potential to the top of the fleet.

Responsible for trimming the headsail and setting and managing the spinnaker on boats that carry them, the crew’s primary roles is to keep the boat going fast. They often can make the small sail trim and control adjustments that the driver cannot. Especially upwind, the crew scans the course for new breeze, other boats, lay lines, and any information that the skipper could need to make the best decisions possible.

A good way to consider some, but not all, skipper-crew relationships is that the crew can get all the micro-considerations out of the way so that the skipper can focus on the big picture. The small picture adjustments in terms of sail control and angle of heel keep the boat moving and the skipper zippered into the feel of the course. In turn, this allows the skipper to plan ahead and keep the crew involved in decision making, making sure that they don’t screw their crew with a crash tack or sudden gybe.

Still, on some teams, the crew makes all of the outside the boat decisions while the driver just drives the boat as fast as they can. This often works with spacier skippers, of which there are many, and highlights the value of a strong-willed crew. Crews are often on-the-water coaches for high-strung skippers and are key to the success of a team. On more athletic boats, a crew can crucially contribute to boat speed and handling through trimming, ooching, and body-weight adjustments.

All of this is to say that a crew, both as a single person on a double-handed boat and as an ensemble on larger boats, is never to be considered an accessory to the skipper, but are crucial parts of a competitive racing team.

The Three or Four Person Boat: I Thought That Was Your Job!

Having outlined the general dynamics of a skipper-crew pairing, it is not particularly helpful to discuss exact boat setups and interactions. From here, we will provide terms and positions with general roles. These are all subject to change, but once you reach boats of three or more people, roles become highly specialized, as boats of this size begin to get complex enough that you cannot do everything on your own. Let’s run through the general roles that must be filled on boats of up to four, with the knowledge that these can be switched around and combined depending on skill, boat setup, and breeze.

Things change yet they stay ever the same. The bigger the boat, the more boat the driver has to deal with, but the role does not fundamentally change. The driver still has their hand on the stick, and, despite the best attempts of various crewmembers, still is the final decision maker on the boat. Sometimes they will trim the mainsheet as well, but other times they will leave this to a member of the crew

The bigger the boat, the less running around the skipper does and the more focused they are on sailing the perfect line through the fleet. Even their ability to scan the course and make tactical evaluations wanes on the bigger boats, as they must put more trust in their crews to make the right reads. They are still ultimately responsible for putting the boat in the right spot, but they are ultimately unable to control everything that is happening on the boat.

Debatably the easiest analog to the crew on a double-handed boat, the bow is, if nothing else, the most likely person on the boat to get soaking wet. Sitting the farthest forward, they are occasionally responsible for trimming the jib--particularly on three-person boats--but primarily have to deal with setting the spinnaker and dealing with front-of-boat controls.

They can play a role calling tactics, breeze, and other boats, but because they are so often busy with the chaos of boat handling in crucial spots and are often far away from the skipper, they mostly need to focus on their role setting the chute and managing the complications near the front of the boat.

Trimmer/Tactician

Often sitting at the hip of the skipper, different boats have different assignments for their trimmers, which can range from main-trimming across the whole course to only touching the spinnaker off the breeze to controlling the jib instead of the bow. Regardless of the particulars, they need to make the adjustments that keep the boat moving fast, and need to be continually in sync with how the skipper wants to sail.

The person in this position is often responsible for communicating details about the course and from the rest of the crew to the driver. Their role gives them more time to look around and make fine adjustments, rather than having a continuous responsibility, so they are in the perfect position to survey the information at hand and collaborate with the skipper on decision making.

On three-person boats, this is generally one person playing both roles in active collaboration with a driver. On certain four-person boats, this can lead to two trimmers who alternate between calling tactics and trimming different sails depending on the leg. Other times, this role is fully bifurcated, with one person trimming and another entirely responsible for looking around and making calls, with only a menial role controlling the sails, but this looks different on every team.

While Nascar has its pit crews, beginning at four-person boats, sailing just has its pit person. As boats get bigger, sails and various lines are more prone to twists, knots, and the generalized snarls that give sailors across the world excuses to flex their famous propensity for swearing.

The pit is responsible for eliminating, or at least minimizing, these disasters via preventative prep. They do not have a conventional job trimming sails, per se, but they are the ones who make sure that everyone else can the sails set cleanly. They prefeed sheets, ‘run the tapes’ on off-the-breeze sails to make sure they aren’t twisted and are notorious neat freaks. They often are responsible for raising and lowering sails around mark roundings; these events are almost always chaotic and never go according to plan, so it is the pit who has to coordinate the chaos as much as possible and clean up the mess in time for the next explosion. Unheralded, often stuck below decks, the pit can be the difference between a boat running smoothly and a stream of curses over a huge gash in a thousand dollar spinnaker.

Now This Is Getting Ridiculous: The Road to Specialization

As of this point, we have covered the key roles on just about any sized boat. As you get to bigger and more specialized boats, the situations will call for more and more crew members doing increasingly focused work. While having talented sailors on a larger boat is no less important than having them on a smaller dinghy, there are simply not that many parts that have to be moving all the time to fully occupy more than a few people at a time.

Still, when they are needed, during gybes, mark roundings, sets, and douses, these extra crew members are crucial. On certain boats, there is an entire position dedicated to trimming the twings during gybes; the position is only slightly more serious than the sound of the ropes. Still, the other crew members are so busy during the gybes that they need the extra pair of hands. Furthermore, having a sharp sailor in a position like that ensures another pair of eyes and hands to spot problems and step in if needed. Knowledge and quick action are unlikely to go unappreciated on any boat, even if it is only in a very specific setting.

There is, however, one more term for extra crew members on boats of this size, and it is distinctly unspecialized: meet the ‘rail meat.’ On sufficiently big boats, where heeling is slow but a fact of life, every now and then you just need a big ole guy to sit on the edge and hang out to windward. A flat boat is a fast boat, and sometimes you just need someone hanging out over the rail, skilled and mobile or not.

Finally, on high-performance boats, like America’s Cup boats or the new-fangled SailGP league, rail meat is replaced by ‘grinders,’ who specialize in turning hydraulic cranks like they’re in a CrossFit gym. Sometimes drawn from other sports, famously including rugby players on New Zealand’s America’s Cup team, grinders may not have the tactical acumen to step into a single-handed boat and win the day, but they are key pieces to winning teams and are no less a sailor than anyone else.

Hopefully, next time you go down to the water and someone tells you they need someone to run their bow, this has done enough for you to know exactly what you’ve gotten yourself into! Happy sailing!

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I have been sailing since I was 7 years old. Since then I've been a US sailing certified instructor for over 8 years, raced at every level of one-design and college sailing in fleet, team, and match racing, and love sharing my knowledge of sailing with others!

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How Can Someone Get Crewing Experience On A Sailboat?

As an experienced sailing professional, I’ve been asked many times over the years how someone can get crewing experience on a sailboat.

After all, sailing isn’t just a way to get around, it’s an art. It requires specific skills, knowledge and expertise to get the most out of the experience.

Over time, I have developed a few tips and pointers on how to get started in the rewarding world of crewing on a sailboat. So, if you’re looking for advice on how to get involved in sailing and make the most of the experience, read on!

What Is Crewing?

Crewing on a sailboat is an incredibly rewarding experience. It involves sailing on board a vessel with a professional crew, or even as a part of the professional crew, helping to manage and maintain the boat.

It involves a range of skills, from sail trim and navigation, to manning the helm, and more. Crewing is an essential part of sailing, providing an opportunity to learn more about the sport and to gain experience with different types of sailing vessels. It also helps to build relationships between crew members and with the skipper.

For those looking to gain crewing experience, it is important to understand the different roles and responsibilities on board the vessel.

A typical crew consists of two to four people, with a skipper, who is the leader and overall responsible for the safety of the vessel and its crew; a navigator; a mate; and a deckhand.

The skipper and navigator are usually the most experienced sailors, but the mate and deckhand can also be experienced sailors or novices.

The skipper is in charge of the vessel, providing directions and making sure the crew follows safety procedures. The navigator is responsible for plotting the course and keeping a detailed log of the voyage.

The mate is responsible for sailing the boat, such as adjusting the sails, trimming the sheets and tending to the helm. The deckhand has the responsibility of performing various tasks, such as maintenance, cleaning and preparing the vessel for sailing.

Crewing is a great way to learn more about sailing, as well as developing relationships with other crew members and the skipper.

It is also a great way to gain experience in sailing, as each trip provides an opportunity to learn new skills and practice existing skills.

It is also a great way to build confidence in sailing, as well as gaining a greater understanding of the necessary safety protocols.

Types Of Crewing

As someone looking to gain experience in crewing a sailboat, it’s important to understand the different types of crewing opportunities available.

The first and most common is Racing Crewing, which involves taking part in yacht or dinghy racing. Racing Crewing is a great way to gain experience in the basics of sailing, such as sail trim, handling the helm and crew communication.

This type of crewing is generally very competitive and is often done as part of a team, which requires a high level of discipline and an ability to work together.

The second type of crewing is Delivery Crewing, which involves sailing a boat from one point to another as part of a delivery team.

Delivery Crewing is a great way to learn about navigation, anchoring and lock navigation, as well as the basics of sail trim and helm handling.

This type of crewing also offers the opportunity to experience a wide range of sailing conditions, from light airs to open-ocean crossings.

The third and final type of crewing is Charter Crewing, which involves manning and operating a charter boat for recreational use by paying customers.

This type of crewing involves taking care of the boat and guests, as well as a wide range of sailing skills, from sail trim to navigation.

No matter which type of crewing you decide to pursue, it’s important to remember that crewing experience is as much about learning and developing sea-sense as it is about honing your sailing skills.

How To Get Crewing Experience On A Sailboat

Sailboat crewing experience is a great way to learn the basics of sailing. If you’re interested in gaining sailing experience, there are a few ways you can go about it.

One way to get involved in sailing is to join a sailing club. Many sailing clubs offer both racing and cruising opportunities.

Attending club races provides an opportunity to learn the rules of sailing and to practice sailing maneuvers, while cruising allows you to gain experience in offshore sailing, anchoring, and navigation.

Another way to get sailing experience is to sign up to be a crew member on a boat traveling to a distant port. Offshore sailing trips require crew members who are comfortable with navigation, watch-keeping, and boat-handling skills.

These trips offer an opportunity to gain experience in sailing and seamanship, as well as to meet other sailors. In addition, the boat’s captain can provide knowledgeable advice and guidance to help you improve your skills.

Finally, you can also get experience by working as a paid sailing instructor or crew. A sailing instructor will help teach sailing skills to new sailors, while a crew member will help maintain the boat, prepare meals, and perform other duties as requested.

This type of experience will give you valuable insight into how a sailboat works and how to function as a team onboard.

By gaining experience in these different areas of sailing, you will become a well-rounded sailor who is able to handle a variety of circumstances. With some knowledge and practice, you will be able to confidently and safely crew on any sailboat.

A. Research

Getting crewing experience on a sailboat is an exciting way to explore the world and gain valuable sailing knowledge. Before setting off, it is important to research the sailing routes and the vessel you’ll be travelling on.

Some essential areas to research include the captain’s experience, the crew’s qualifications, and the vessel’s stability and seaworthiness.

When researching a potential captain, look for someone with considerable sailing experience who has sailed a similar route before.

It’s also important to make sure that the vessel is well equipped with up-to-date navigational equipment, and has adequate safety protocols in place.

It’s essential to understand the amenities available onboard, such as sleeping arrangements, kitchen facilities, and freshwater and fuel stores.

The crew should have a basic understanding of sailing, including knowledge of sail trim, navigation, helming, and anchoring.

It’s also important to check whether the vessel has a VHF radio, as well as the relevant licences, insurance and certification.

By conducting thorough research prior to accepting a position, you can ensure your safety and have confidence in the expertise of your captain and crew. This in turn will ensure that your sailing experience is a safe and enjoyable one.

B. Networking

When it comes to getting crewing experience on a sailboat, networking is another key resource. Reaching out to the sailing community to build connections and find out what opportunities are available can be extremely beneficial.

First, it is important to be able to demonstrate your sailing knowledge and skills. The best way to do this is to get involved in sailing events and races, as well as joining local sailing clubs.

Another way to network for sailing opportunities is to contact sailing organizations, such as the US Sailing Association (USSA) or your local sailing authority.

Visiting boatyards, marinas, and other sailing-related businesses can be a great way to make connections and find out who is looking for crew.

Social media is also an excellent tool for connecting with people who are involved in the sailing community. Joining Facebook sailing groups and following influencers in the sailing world, such as professional sailors and boat builders, can expand your network and help you land that perfect crewing position.

It is also wise to create a professional resume outlining your sailing experience, certifications, and qualifications. Making yourself visible in the sailing world and putting yourself out there can open up a world of opportunities.

C. Training

Training is an essential part of crewing on a sailboat. Knowledge of basic sailing techniques, safety procedures, and seamanship is a must for anyone looking to join a sailboat crew.

If you have no prior sailing experience, the first step is to take a basic sailing course from a sailing school or a licensed sailing instructor. This will provide you with the foundational skills needed to sail safely and confidently.

Once you have a basic knowledge of sailing, you can then take more advanced courses to hone your skills and gain more experience.

These courses can range from courses on sailing navigation and weather forecasting, to courses on boat maintenance and repair. There are also courses that specialize in racing tactics, which are invaluable for those looking to join a sailboat racing crew.

For those with prior experience sailing, or who are looking to further their knowledge, there are also courses that focus on skills such as celestial navigation, advanced sail trim, and sailboat racing tactics.

Many of these courses are offered by international sailing organizations, certifying agencies, and even private sailing schools.

It is important to note that some of these courses are not available in all countries, so it is best to research which ones will be available in your area.

D. Finding A Boat

If you have decided to pursue sailboat crewing experience, you first need to find a boat. Fortunately, there are a variety of ways to do this.

The first and most obvious way is to simply ask around your sailing community or local marina. You can also search for boats online or through syndicates, which are groups of people who share ownership in a boat. The advantage of joining a syndicate is that it is often a more cost effective way to gain access to a boat.

If you don’t have access to a boat, you can also look into day charters or racing charters, which allow you to join a crew for a day or a race. This is an excellent way to gain experience without committing to a full season.

You can also look into sailing clubs, many of which offer volunteer positions that allow members to gain sailing experience.

Finally, there are many online job boards such as Crewfinders, which allow you to search for crewing positions. This is an especially good option for those who have limited sailing experience and are just getting started.

No matter what route you choose, it is important to do your research and make sure that the boat and crew are reputable and safe. Ask to see the boat’s paperwork and make sure the crew has the appropriate qualifications and experience.

With the right approach, you can easily find a sailboat and gain the experience you need to pursue a career in sailing.

Summary: How Can Someone Get Crewing Experience On A Sailboat?

Getting crewing experience on a sailboat can be a great way to enter the sailing world. To start, individuals looking to gain sailing experience should seek out crew opportunities from local sailing clubs, sailing schools, and boat owners.

Once an individual has been accepted as a crewmember, they should make sure to stay flexible and be willing to take on any role assigned.

To get the most out of their experience, crews should be proactive, ask questions, and take initiative.

Additionally, having basic sailing knowledge and understanding terminology can be beneficial. With hard work, dedication, and a supportive crew, individuals can gain valuable experience sailing aboard a boat.

What Qualifications Are Necessary To Get Crewing Experience On A Sailboat?

If you are looking to gain experience crewing on a sailboat, there are some important qualifications you should have.

First and foremost, you should have a basic knowledge of sailing and the associated terminology. You should also have some experience in the type of sailing you plan to do, and be able to demonstrate your knowledge and ability.

If you plan to sail offshore, you should have a valid sailing certificate, such as the International Certificate of Competence (ICC), or a local equivalent.

This certification is required to ensure that you and the other crew members are able to operate the vessel safely, and understand the regulations of the sea.

In addition, you should have a working knowledge of sail trim, sail handling, and navigation. Knowing how to properly set the sails, deploy the spinnaker, and using basic navigational skills is essential for offshore sailing.

It is also beneficial to have some experience with maintenance and repairs. You should be able to troubleshoot basic issues and fix them on your own, or with the help of other experienced crew members.

Finally, it is important to have a positive attitude and the ability to work as part of a team. Crewing on a sailboat requires you to work together with others to complete tasks and make decisions. Having a good attitude, and the ability to get along with others, is a must.

By having the proper qualifications, you can gain valuable experience crewing on a sailboat, and create lifelong memories.

What Type Of Sailing Experience Is Required To Get Crewing Experience On A Sailboat?

The type of sailing experience required to get crewing experience on a sailboat will depend on the level of sailing you are looking for.

For basic crewing, you’ll need some sailing experience and a basic understanding of sailing terminology, such as points of sail, tacking, jibing, trimming the sails, and understanding wind direction and speed.

You should also have a good knowledge of sailing safety and seamanship, such as how to tie knots, handle lines, launch and recover a dinghy, and how to use navigational aids.

For more advanced crewing, you’ll need a much deeper knowledge of sailing, such as sail trim and sail handling, sailboat racing tactics, and navigation skills.

You’ll also need to be able to work quickly and efficiently while aboard a sailboat, and be able to work as part of a team.

In addition to sailing skills and knowledge, sailor’s should be physically fit and able to endure long days at sea, and have a positive attitude and be willing to learn. You should also make sure you have the proper safety gear, such as a life jacket, harness, and foul weather gear.

Overall, the type of sailing experience required to get crewing experience on a sailboat depends on the level of sailing you are looking for and the requirements of the boat you are sailing on. No matter what level of experience you have, having the proper skills, knowledge, and attitude will help you get crewing experience on a sailboat.

Are There Any Organizations Or Programs That Offer Crewing Experience On A Sailboat?

Yes, there are several organizations and programs that offer crewing experience on a sailboat. Many sailing schools, sailing clubs, and sailing charters offer crewing experiences or sailing courses.

Additionally, some yacht clubs, coast guard auxiliaries, or other sailing organizations may provide opportunities for crewing experience.

For those looking to get their feet wet in the sailing world, many sailing schools are a great place to start. Sailing schools offer courses in both basic and advanced sailing and many of these courses include hands-on crewing experience.

From learning the basics of sailing and navigation to learning how to trim sails and reef, sailing schools are a great way to get your sea legs.

If you’re looking for a more advanced crewing experience, there are a variety of sailing charters and yacht clubs that offer longer-term crewing opportunities.

Many of these charters offer multi-day or week-long excursions that give you the chance to experience life on the open seas.

Yacht clubs may also offer crewing experience, allowing members to join vessels for a variety of events throughout the year.

Finally, for those looking to gain crewing experience for a specific purpose, such as a sailing certification or to join a regatta, there are a variety of programs available. Many of these programs offer a hands-on experience that can be tailored to your individual needs.

No matter what your goals are, there are plenty of organizations and programs available that offer crewing experience on a sailboat.

With some research and dedication, you can find an opportunity that fits your needs and experience the thrill of sailing the seas.

What Are The Benefits Of Getting Crewing Experience On A Sailboat?

Crewing experience on a sailboat has a multitude of benefits, both for the novice and experienced sailor. Not only will you gain invaluable knowledge and skills in navigation, sailing technique, and seamanship, but you will also learn the ropes of teamwork and communication on a boat.

For novice sailors, having crewing experience on a sailboat provides an opportunity to gain knowledge and hands-on experience in a controlled environment.

With the guidance of an experienced skipper and crew, you will learn sailing terminology, safety protocols, and the ins and outs of sailing.

Additionally, you will learn how to read the wind and sea conditions, how to navigate using the stars, and how to use a chart and compass.

For experienced sailors, crewing aboard a sailboat provides an opportunity to hone their skills and become more confident in their abilities as a sailor.

They can learn more advanced techniques, such as how to sail in heavy weather, how to properly read wind and sea conditions, how to trim sails, and how to handle a boat in a variety of different conditions.

Regardless of skill level, crewing experience on a sailboat is a great way to gain a better understanding of sailing and the ocean.

There is nothing quite like being out on the open waters, learning from experienced sailors and gaining the knowledge and skills necessary to become a better sailor.

What Are The Risks Associated With Getting Crewing Experience On A Sailboat?

There are a few risks associated with getting crewing experience on a sailboat, most of which are related to the potential for danger or injury.

The first risk is the risk of falling overboard. This is especially common in rough weather or when sailing in unfamiliar waters.

In such cases, crew members should take extra care to remain aware of their surroundings and avoid any sudden movements that could lead to an overboard situation.

Another risk is getting exposed to the elements. While sailing, crew members are exposed to a range of environmental conditions, from extreme heat to cold, high winds, and heavy rain. This can put a strain on the body, especially if the crew is not adequately prepared or protected.

The third risk is the risk of equipment malfunction. Even the most experienced sailor can experience equipment failure or malfunction, which can lead to dangerous situations.

It is important to ensure that all equipment is in good working order and that the crew is familiar with its use and maintenance.

Finally, there is the risk of injury. Injuries can occur while onboard a sailboat due to falls, contact with sharp objects, or even when dealing with heavy equipment.

To minimize the risk of injury, crew members should always wear appropriate clothing and safety gear, and be mindful of their environment.

Overall, getting crewing experience on a sailboat can be an incredibly rewarding and exciting experience, but it is important to be aware of the risks involved.

By taking precautionary measures and being aware of your surroundings, you can help to reduce the risk of harm and make sure you get the most out of your sailing experience.

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Questions for Investigators Trying to Unravel Mystery of Luxury Yacht’s Sinking

The investigators searching for answers about the shipwreck, leaving seven dead, face questions about extreme weather and possible human error or problems with the yacht itself.

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By Alan Yuhas

More than 180 feet long, with a mast towering about 240 feet and a keel that could be lowered for greater stability, the Bayesian luxury yacht did not, in the eyes of its maker, have the vulnerabilities of a ship that would easily sink.

“It drives me insane,” Giovanni Costantino, the chief executive of the Italian Sea Group, which in 2022 bought the company that made the ship, said after its wreck last week. “Following all the proper procedures, that boat is unsinkable.”

But the $40 million sailing yacht sank within minutes and with fatal results: seven dead, including the British technology billionaire Michael Lynch, his teenage daughter, four of Mr. Lynch’s friends and a member of the crew. Fifteen people, including the captain, escaped on a lifeboat.

Mr. Lynch had invited family, friends and part of his legal team on a cruise in the Mediterranean to celebrate his acquittal in June of fraud charges tied to the sale of his company to the tech giant Hewlett-Packard.

The Italian authorities have opened a manslaughter investigation, searching for answers from the survivors, the manufacturer and the wreck itself. They face a range of questions and possible factors.

An ‘earthquake’ in the sky?

When the Bayesian sank around 4 a.m. on Aug. 19, the waters in its area, about half a mile off the Sicilian port of Porticello, were transformed by an extremely sudden and violent storm, according to fishermen, a captain in the area and meteorologists.

But what kind of storm is still a mystery, compounded by the fact that a sailing schooner anchored nearby did not have its own disaster. Also unclear is whether the crew was aware that the Italian authorities had issued general warnings about bad weather the night before.

Karsten Börner, the captain of the nearby passenger ship, said he’d had to steady his ship during “really violent” winds . During the storm, he said, the Bayesian seemed to disappear behind his ship.

Severe lightning and strong gusts were registered by the Italian Air Force’s Center for Aerospace Meteorology and Climatology, according to Attilio Di Diodato, its director. “It was very intense and brief in duration,” he said.

The yacht, he said, had most likely been hit by a fierce downburst — a blast of powerful wind surging down during a thunderstorm. His agency put out rough-sea warnings the previous evening, alerting sailors about possible storms.

Locals have said the winds “felt like an earthquake.” A fisherman in Porticello said that he had seen a flare go off in the early-morning hours. His brother ventured to the site once the weather had calmed about 20 minutes later, he said, finding only floating cushions.

The Italian authorities have so far declined to say whether investigators had seen any structural damage to the hull or other parts of the ship.

Open hatches or doors?

The boat executive, Mr. Costantino, has argued that the Bayesian was an extremely safe vessel that could list even to 75 degrees without capsizing. His company, the Italian Sea Group, in 2022 bought the yacht’s manufacturer, Perini Navi, which launched the ship in 2008.

Mr. Costantino said that if some of the hatches on the side and in the stern, or some of the deck doors, had been open, the boat could have taken on water and sunk. Standard procedure in such storms, he said, would be to switch on the engine, lift the anchor and turn the boat into the wind, lowering the keel for extra stability, closing doors and gathering the guests in the main hall inside the deck.

At a news conference on Saturday, almost a week after the sinking, investigators said the yacht had sunk at an angle , with its stern — where the heavy engine was — having gone down first. The wreck was found lying on its right side at the bottom of a bay, about 165 feet deep.

12 guests occupied the yacht’s six cabins. There were also 10 crew members.

Open hatches, doors and cabin windows could have let in water during a storm, according to the manufacturer.

Open hatches, doors and

cabin windows could

have let in water

during a storm,

according to the

manufacturer.

Source: Superyacht Times, YachtCharterFleet, MarineTraffic

By Veronica Penney

Water pouring into open hatches or doors could have contributed to the sinking, experts say, but that on its own may not account for the speed at which such a large boat vanished underwater.

Asked about the hatches at the news conference, the authorities declined to comment on whether they had been found open at the wreck.

The authorities have also not specified whether the boat had been anchored, whether it was under power at the time or whether its sails had been unfurled.

A retracted keel?

The Bayesian had a keel — the fin-like structure beneath a boat that can help stabilize it — that could be retracted or extended, according to its manufacturer. On some yachts, keels can be raised to let the large vessel dock in shallower water, and extended downward to help keep a boat level.

But like the hatches, the status of the keel alone may not explain why a large ship sank with such precipitous speed. Investigators have not disclosed what divers may have seen at the wreck, aside from saying divers had faced obstacles like furnishings and electrical wiring in tight quarters. Officials want to raise the wreck to better examine it, a process that may take weeks.

Human error?

Ambrogio Cartosio, the prosecutor in charge of the case, said at the news conference that it was “plausible” crimes had been committed, but that investigators had not zeroed in on any potential suspects.

“There could be responsibilities of the captain only,” he said. “There could be responsibilities of the whole crew. There could be responsibilities of the boat makers. Or there could be responsibilities of those who were in charge of surveilling the boat.”

It remains unclear what kind of emergency training or preparation took place before the disaster, or what kind of coordination there was during it. So far, none of the surviving crew members have made a public statement about what happened the night the ship sank.

Prosecutors said they want to ask more questions of the captain and crew, who have been in a Sicilian hotel with other survivors. They said that neither alcohol nor drug tests had been performed on crew members, and that they have been allowed to leave Italy.

Prosecutors also said they were also investigating why the captain, an experienced sailor, left the sinking boat while some passengers were still on board.

Besides possible manslaughter charges, the authorities are investigating the possibility of a negligently caused shipwreck.

The bodies of five passengers were found in one cabin, on the left side of the yacht, the authorities said. The five were most likely trying to flee to the higher side of the boat and were probably sleeping when the boat started to sink, they said.

'Indescribable' crew errors led to Sicily shipwreck, yacht maker says

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Who was onboard tech mogul Mike Lynch's Bayesian yacht?

Topic: Disasters, Accidents and Emergency Incidents

Six people are missing, including a man dubbed the British Bill Gates, after a luxury yacht sank off the Sicilian coast.

British tech entrepreneur Mike Lynch — freshly acquitted from a decade-long trial — had invited his work colleagues aboard a trip through the Mediterranean coast when a freak storm saw the yacht sink within moments.

Fifteen people escaped from the sinking vessel. The search for the missing continues.

Here's what we know so far: 

What happened?

The Italian coastguard said the yacht — the Bayesian — was anchored off the shore of port city Porticello, near the Sicilian capital Palermo, when it was hit by bad weather sometime after 4am on Monday, local time. 

Eyewitnesses said it vanished quickly beneath the waves shortly before dawn.

Managers of the sailing vessel Bayesian, Camper & Nicholsons, confirmed to the ABC that the Bayesian encountered severe weather and subsequently sank. 

"Our priority is assisting with the ongoing search and providing all necessary support to the rescued passengers and crew," they said. 

"The wind was very strong. Bad weather was expected, but not of this magnitude," a coastguard official told Reuters.

Sicily's civil protection agency head, Salvo Cocina, said a waterspout — a tornado over the water — could have struck the yacht.

"They were in the wrong place at the wrong time," Mr Cocina added. 

Storms and heavy rainfall had swept down Italy in recent days after weeks of scorching heat, lifting the temperature of the Mediterranean Sea to record levels and raising the risk of extreme weather conditions, experts told Reuters.

"The sea surface temperature around Sicily was around 30 degrees Celsius, which is almost 3 degrees more than normal. This creates an enormous source of energy that contributes to these storms," meteorologist Luca Mercalli said.

Rescuers recover the body of one of the people aboard the Bayesian.  ( AP: Lucio Ganci )

Captain Karsten Borner of the Sir Robert Baden Powell vessel told journalists he noticed the Bayesian nearby during the storm, but after it calmed he saw a red flare and realised the ship had simply disappeared.

Mr Borner said he and a crew member boarded their tender and found a lifeboat with 15 people, some of them injured, who they then took aboard and alerted the coast guard.

Search crews, including helicopters and divers, are continuing to search the wreckage, lying at a depth of 49 metres.

Specialist divers reached the ship on Monday but access was limited due to objects in the way, the fire brigade said.

The UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch is deploying a team of four inspectors to Italy to conduct a preliminary assessment.

The Foreign Commonwealth and Development office said it was "providing consular support to a number of British nationals and their families".

Sicilian prosecutors have also opened an investigation into the event. 

Who is missing?

Lawyer Chris Morvillo (left), entrepreneur Mike Lynch, and Morgan Stanley chairman Jonathan Bloomer are among the missing. 

There were 12 passengers and 10 crew members aboard the yacht. 

Mr Cocina said the crew and passengers hailed from a variety of countries, including Britain, the United States, Antigua, France, Germany, Ireland, Myanmar, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Spain.

Of the 22, one man is confirmed dead and another six people are still missing. 

They are believed to be inside the hull, fire rescue spokesperson Luca Cari said.

Fabio Cefalù, a fisherman who said he responded to a flare from the vessel but found it sunk, said he stayed at the site for three hours without finding anyone.

"I think they are inside, all the missing people," he said.

Rescue teams recovered the body of the yacht's onboard chef on Monday, identified as Antiguan citizen Ricardo Thomas.

The still missing people include: 

• Mr Lynch's 18-year-old daughter, Hannah 
• Jonathan Bloomer, chairman of global financial services company Morgan Stanley International
• Chris Morvillo , a lawyer at the British multinational law firm Clifford Chance. He worked on Mr Lynch's lawsuit against Hewlett-Packard
• The identities of the remaining two missing are still unconfirmed

Who was rescued? 

Fifteen people escaped from the sinking ship. 

Eight have been hospitalised and others were taken to a nearby hotel.

Charlotte Golunski was among those rescued, recalling the harrowing moments she held her child Sofia above the waves.  ( Supplied: Facebook  )

Among those rescued were:

• Mr Lynch's wife, Angela Bacares, who was the owner of the yacht
• Charlotte Golunski and her one-year-old daughter, Sofia. Ms Golunski is a partner at Mr Lynch's firm, Invoke Capital. She says she momentarily lost hold of Sofia in the water but managed to hold her up above the waves until the lifeboat was inflated
• Ms Golunski's husband James Emslie
• New Zealand captain of the yacht James Catfield. He told Italian newspaper La Repubblica the crew didn't see the storm coming
• A lone Dutch citizen was identified by the Dutch foreign ministry as being rescued, but was not identified

Who is Mike Lynch?

Mr Lynch, once hailed as Britain’s king of technology, was recently freed from a Silicon Valley lawsuit that tarnished his legacy. 

The 59-year-old Cambridge-educated mathematician created Autonomy , a search engine that could pore through emails and other internal business documents to help companies find vital information more quickly. 

He received the OBE for his innovation in 2006. 

He then sold the software to Hewlett-Packard (HP) for $US11 billion ($16 billion) in 2011, with Mr Lynch personally netting $US800 million. 

HP valued Autonomy at $US46 billion ($68 billion) in the months leading up to the deal.

Mike Lynch in 2019 leaving the High Court in London.  ( Reuters: Henry Nicholls/File Photo )

But the deal quickly turned sour after he was accused of forging the software's financial records to make the sale.

As part of a decades-long legal battle against HP, Mr Lynch was extradited to the UK on criminal fraud charges. 

He steadfastly denied any wrongdoing, asserting that he was being made a scapegoat for HP's own bungling. 

He was eventually cleared of all charges in June this year. 

Although he avoided a possible prison sentence, Lynch still faced a bill from a civil case in London that HP mostly won during 2022. Damages haven't been determined in that case, but HP is seeking $US4 billion. 

Following the San Francisco trial, Mr Lynch said he would return to the UK and do what he loved most: "[being with] my family and innovating in my field."

The holiday appeared to be something of a celebration after Mr Lynch's acquittal, with guests including some of the people who had stood by Lynch throughout the ordeal.

This picture shows the rescue operations off the Sicilian coast.  ( AP: Italian Coast Guard  )

In a separate act of tragedy, Mr Lynch's co-defendant in the trial, Stephen Chamberlain, died on Monday, after a road accident left him critically injured.

Mr Chamberlain — Autonomy's former vice-president of finance alongside Mr Lynch — was hit by a car in Cambridgeshire on Saturday morning and had been placed on life support. 

What is the Bayesian?

The luxury yacht is 56m long sailboat, with a 75m mast labelled as the tallest aluminium mast in the world.

It was previously named Salute when it flew under a Dutch flag.

The yacht, built in 2008 by the Italian firm Perini Navi, can accommodate up to 12 guests in six suites and a crew of 10, according to online specialist yacht sites. It was last refitted in 2020.

Online charter sites listed it for rent for up to 195,000 euros (about $AU 321,000) a week. 

This picture taken on Sunday shows the Bayesian (left) and the Duch sailboat Sir Robert Baden Powell anchored off the coast line.   ( AP: Fabio La Bianca/Baia Santa Nicolicchia )

The ship also won a string of awards for its design. 

Ms Golunski said the yacht had travelled through the Aeolian Islands, Milazzo and Cefalù before sinking. 

It is likely the yacht's name would resonate with Mr Lynch because his PhD thesis and the software that made his fortune was based on Bayesian theory.