12 metre yacht racing

12 Metre Worlds

Official website of the International Twelve Metre Class World Championships

ABOUT THE 2019 12 METRE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP:

The International 12 Metre Class’ 2019 World Championship was held at Newport, Rhode Island (USA) from July 8- 13, hosted by the Ida Lewis Yacht Club and the 12 Metre Yacht Club . It was the largest-ever gathering of 12 Metre yachts in the United States featuring 22 boats from seven countries. International teams comprised of elite sailors including America’s Cup veterans and Olympic medalists will represent Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway and the United States. The 2019 12 Metre World Championship fleet will span the years 1928 -1987, include seven America’s Cup defenders and challengers, and be sailed on Rhode Island Sound, the site of nine America’s Cup competitions from 1958-1983.

ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL 12 METRE CLASS:

The 112 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world’s foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, Ben Lexcen and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation. The resulting boats represented the pinnacle of yacht development from 1907-1987 for the highest levels of international sailing competition– the Olympic Games (1908-1920) and the America’s Cup (1958-1987).

' src=

  • Already have a WordPress.com account? Log in now.
  • Subscribe Subscribed
  • Copy shortlink
  • Report this content
  • View post in Reader
  • Manage subscriptions
  • Collapse this bar
  • THE PRINCESS PASSPORT
  • Email Newsletter
  • Yacht Walkthroughs
  • Destinations
  • Electronics
  • Boating Safety
  • Ultimate Boat Giveaway

Yachting Magazine logo

Reminiscing “Freedom”: a 12 Metre Classic

  • By Herb McCormick
  • January 2, 2024

12 Metre Freedom

Forty years ago this past September, in the waters of Rhode Island Sound just off the coastal city of Newport, a crew of Aussies shocked the sailing world. The 12 Metre Australia II defeated the American boat Liberty to win the 1983 America’s Cup and bring the New York Yacht Club’s 132-year defense of the Auld Mug to a conclusion. It’s safe to say the Cup, and my hometown of Newport, have never been the same.

I spent a lot of time on the sound that summer taking in the action, so when I signed up to volunteer on a marshal boat for the latest edition of the 12 Metre World Championship regatta in August, I found myself on the very same waters, which turned into a pretty nostalgic voyage down a nautical memory lane. But the graceful Twelve I couldn’t take my eyes off wasn’t the winner of the Modern Division, Challenge XII , or even the victor of the Traditional/Vintage Division, Columbia . Nope, I was more or less transfixed on the runner-up to Challenge XII , a striking-blue yacht called Freedom . Of all the entries in the 10-boat fleet, to me, Freedom was easily the most historic and memorable.

Three years before the Australians absconded with the Cup, in 1980, with the estimable Dennis Conner in command, Freedom won the contest in dominant fashion, and it seemed like the New York Yacht Club’s winning streak would go on forever. It was designed by the legendary naval architecture firm Sparkman & Stephens, which had drawn the lines of every Cup winner but one since 1936. Conner was back on the helm in the losing effort in ’83, but he would find redemption, winning the Cup back for the United States in Western Australia in 1987. But for S&S, Freedom marked the end of an illustrious era. The firm would never again create a Cup winner.

For the 12 Metre Worlds, ironically enough, the navigator aboard Freedom was a lanky old Aussie mate of mine called Grant Simmer, who’d served in the same capacity aboard Australia II for his country’s winning effort way back when. With the exception of the gray hair, he looked exactly the same.

This time, however, Simmer couldn’t work his magic. Unlike the America’s Cup, where boats compete in one-on-one match racing, the World Championship event is fleet racing, with everyone out on the track at the same time. It’s a different game. And Challenge XII had a ringer of its own: the president of North Sails, Ken Read, also a longtime America’s Cup veteran. As far as I was concerned, Freedom was easily the prettiest of all the Modern yachts. When push came to shove, though, it was no longer the fastest.

Today’s America’s Cup competition, conducted on closed-course race tracks in skittish foiling catamarans—about as far removed as possible from a stately 12 Metre racing in the open ocean—bears little resemblance to what the event looked like in the early 1980s. And Newport has undergone a radical makeover as well. The shipyards where the Cup boats used to reside between races have been replaced by condos and hotels, and the only real remaining trace of the America’s Cup is the boulevard of the same name. It’s a reminder that the only true constant in life is change.

But for a few afternoons last August, I could shut my eyes for a moment of reminiscence and open them up to see what I can only describe as a fleeting image of a bygone time. Freedom may be a footnote in the history of yacht racing, but the big, beautiful blue boat still looks powerful and fantastic all the same.

  • More: Americas Cup , November 2023 , Racing , Sailing , Sailing Yachts , Silent Running , Yachts
  • More Yachts

waterspout

Superyacht Collision, Sinking Incident, Takeaways and Lessons

Riviera 6800 Sport Yacht

Riviera to Unveil 6800 Sport Yacht at Fort Lauderdale International Boat Show

Heesen Santosha

Heesen Reveals “Santosha” Details

Azimut Fly 62

Azimut Launches the Fly 62

Lazzara Starfire

For Sale: 2006 84′ Lazzara

Azimut Fly 62

For Sale: 2015 Beneteau Swift Trawler 50

Croatia

New Mediterranean Charter Options

Yachting Magazine logo

  • Digital Edition
  • Customer Service
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use
  • Email Newsletters
  • Cruising World
  • Sailing World
  • Salt Water Sportsman
  • Sport Fishing
  • Wakeboarding

2023 Worlds

2019 12mR WORLDS

Photo Gallery

Boats for Sale

Click below to view your account

© 2024 12 Metre Yacht Club, All rights reserved.

Secondary address

Related members, related boats.

Event Details

12 metre yacht racing

The 12-Metre Class is a rating class for racing boats designed to the International rule. It enables fair competition between boats that rate in the class whilst retaining the freedom to experiment with the details of their designs. The first 12 Metres were built in 1907. The 12 Metre Class was used in the Olympic Games of 1908, 1912 and 1920 but only few boats participated. The 12 Metre Class boats are probably best known for their use from 1958 to 1987 in the America’s Cup.

Rough equality between boats is ensured by requiring compliance with a formula that takes  account of the length at the waterline, the girth (the measurement around the boat from one sideboard; under the keel and then back over the top on the opposite side back to the original side) and the sail area. The very carefully specified measurements are then entered in to the formula, and the result must be 12 Metres – hence the name of the class. Designers are free to change any of these variables (as well as other details, such as the size of the rudder and keel, etc.), with the understanding that for any change in any of the measured attributes, something else will have to be adjusted, in order to make the formula produce the required value.

The “12 Metre” in the class name does not refer to the actual length of the boats, which ranged from 65 to 75 feet (about 20 to 23 m) overall. They were all sloop-rigged, with their masts typically being about 85 feet (26 m) tall. The “12 Metre” yachts are also referred to as “Twelves” or “12 Metres” or even 12s.

The Formula and associated rules for designing and constructing 12 Metre yachts has been modified several times from inception in racing.

The purpose of the Formula and rules was to encourage designer creativity to optimise designs to get the best overall performance when racing whilst maintaining competitive racing between the different designs. Although the Formula and Rules allowed some creativity they were also intended to be comprehensive enough to eliminate loopholes which could result in an extreme design which conformed to the 12 Metre rule but completely outclassed other contemporary designs on the race course. If the rules were considered to be too loose then it would discourage the building of new 12 Metre yachts for fear of a new boat being outclassed even before it was launched.

The Rules were typically updated in response to advances in areas such as material technology (e.g. metal masts versus wooden masts), design technology (e.g. use of the wind tunnel to design sails and sail/mast combinations, advances in fluid dynamics), and equipment (e.g. winch technology).

The Rule has four distinct periods:

Used from 1907–1920

\frac{L + B + G/3 +3d + \sqrt{S}/3 - F}{2} \leq 12 \mbox{ metres}

  • L  = waterline length (LWL)
  • B  = beam
  • G  = chain girth
  • d  = difference between skin girth and chain girth
  • S  = sail area
  • F  = freeboard

Used from 1920–1933

\frac{L + G/4 +2d + \sqrt{S} - F}{2.5} \leq 12 \mbox{ metres}

Used from 1933–1939

\frac{L + 2d + \sqrt{S} - F}{2.37} \leq 12 \mbox{ metres}

Used from 1956 onwards:

Associated with the formula is an extremely comprehensive set of rules. The rules can be classified into two main areas. Rules concerning safety and rules to ensure competitive racing. For example the maximum total area of all cockpits is specified to minimise the chance of a boat being swamped in rougher seas. Structural requirements are specified to ensure that strength is not sacrificed by the need to get weight low down in the keel. Materials are specified plus numerous other details concerning all aspects of the boat. The intention is to challenge designers but ensure competitive racing.

Information courtesy of the ‘Australian Twelves Association’.

SHARE THIS:

  • Yachts for Sale

12 metre yacht racing

Recently updated...

post-1_image0-30-768x731

Write an Article

Covering news on classic yachting worldwide is a tall ask and with your input Classic Yacht Info can expose stories from your own back yard.

We are keen to hear about everything from local regattas and classic events to a local restoration or yachting adventure. Pictures are welcome and ideal for making the article more engaging.

With a site that has been created with the assistance of an international group of classic yacht enthusiasts we value your input and with your help we strive to make CYI more up-to-date and more informative than ever.

Please register and get in touch if you would like to contribute.

12 metre yacht racing

choose your language:

We’re passionate about Classic Yachts here at CYI, and we welcome submissions from all over the globe!

Captain, rigger, sail-maker or chef – if you’d like to write for CYI just let us know!

Email [email protected] to be set up as a Contributor, and share your Classic thoughts with the world.

ClassicYachtInfo.com has the largest database of classic yachts on the internet.

We’re continually working to keep it accurate and up-to-date, and we greatly appreciate contributions of any type. If you spot an error, or you have some information on a yacht and would like to contribute, please jump on in!

Don’t be shy…. Breeze on!

  • Sell Your Yacht

12 metre yacht racing

Berthon Winter Collection

12 metre yacht racing

Latest issue

12 metre yacht racing

August 2024

In the August 2024 issue of Yachting World magazine: News Few finish a tempestuous Round The Island Race European rules are eased for cruising to France and Greece Olympic sailing…

12 metre yacht racing

  • Yachting World
  • Digital Edition

Yachting World cover

Enterprise: Is this restored 12 Metre the best yacht to never contest the America’s Cup?

Yachting World

  • November 19, 2019

Enterprise is a 1977 S&S-designed 12 Metre, originally built to defend the America’s Cup, and fully restored in time for this year’s 12 Metre World Championships in Rhode Island. Dave Powlison reports

Among the 21 elegant Twelves lining the docks at Rhode Island’s Fort Adams for this summer’s 12 Metre World Championship, sat a yacht that for many was a huge disappointment. Enterprise , built for the 1977 America’s Cup , had everything going for her, but never got the invitation to the Cup she seemed destined to receive. Today, she’s arguably the best set-up 12 Metre in the world.

Designed by Olin Stephens and David Pedrick at Sparkman & Stephens, and built of aluminium at the Minneford Yacht Yard, Enterprise boasted a number of firsts. She was the first design to be tank-tested on a large scale, with a handful of models measuring roughly 7m each, in tanks designed for the aerospace and military industries.

Results from those tests suggested that over a typical 24-mile America’s Cup course in an average 10-knot wind, Enterprise would be a minute faster than her rivals.  Enterprise was also the first yacht to pioneer laminate sails, using plastic films to stabilise the more conventional Dacron. Her sails included the ‘garbage bag’, a light airs genoa that (in colour, at least) suggested its moniker.

enterprise-restored-1977-americas-cup-boat-aerial-running-shot-credit-ian-roman

Enterprise posted two race wins in the 2019 12 Metre World Championships. Photo: Ian Roman

The 1977 Challenger matches were a rematch of the 1974 Courageous v Intrepid rivalry between upstart west coaster Lowell North and eastern establishment sailor Ted Hood.

At North’s right hand was sailmaking wunderkind John Marshall, who would be a dominant presence in Cup competitions for years to come. Many of Enterprise ’s crew had cut their 12 Metre teeth on Intrepid ’s successful 1970 Cup defence. In fact, Intrepid was brought out of retirement and trucked to San Diego to spar with the new design.

Yet it was Courageous , a 1974 design, that secured the spot to defend the Cup ( Courageous successfully saw off Alan Bond’s Australia in the Cup match). So what went wrong for Enterprise ? Anyone who knows the boat well won’t hesitate to respond. “ Enterprise had a foretriangle dimension that was about three feet shorter than what was conventional,” Marshall explained to me recently.

enterprise-restored-1977-americas-cup-boat-aft-running-shot-credit-Paul-Todd-outside-images

Enterprise hull is now painted battleship grey – the original colour was white

Most 12s have a 24ft foretriangle, give or take a bit. Enterprise ’s was 21ft. “Computer predictions that evaluated flow over surfaces suggested this would give us an edge,” Marshall recalled. But when it came to tacking, getting the stiff headsails quickly across was a challenge, as there was now 3ft more sail that had to pass around the front of the mast.

“The jib didn’t fill quite as quickly, and we didn’t accelerate quite as quickly coming out of tacks,” Marshall adds. In the early challenger races, Enterprise performed well. But as the summer progressed, Courageous got distinctly better. “Once the difference got down to being pretty small, and the boats were always close together, tacking performance became much more important.”

Consider that it wasn’t unheard of for 12 Metres to do over 50 tacks on a four-mile beat, and it’s clear why the writing was on the wall.

Article continues below…

maiden-refit-tracy-edwards-sailing-yacht-credit-kurt-arrigo

Maiden refit: How Tracy Edwards’ sailing legend was brought back to life

Few yachts, and fewer skippers, become truly famous – famous in the sense that the everyman on the street would…

fujin-catamaran-rorc-caribbean-600-running-shot-credit-tim-wright

Fujin: The inside story of this carbon catamaran’s Caribbean refit

After Fujin capsized during the 2018 RORC Caribbean 600 race it would have been understandable if owner Greg Slyngstad had…

Back to her best

Fast-forward to 2019 and Enterprise is back in fighting form. After stints in the Med she had been donated to the US Merchant Marine Academy Sailing Foundation.

With the impetus of the forthcoming 2019 Worlds in Newport, a major refit was begun in earnest. Tommy Rich, from New England Boatworks, which carried out the refit, recalls: “The boat had been bastardised. They had put a flush deck on it and a bogus interior, and it was basically in a state of disrepair.”

The refit was done over roughly two years, and in that time virtually everything on the boat was upgraded or replaced, except the hull and framework.

enterprise-restored-1977-americas-cup-boat-hull-structure-credit-Paul-Todd-outside-images

The hull structure is one of the few parts of the boat that remains original

Rich explains: “S&S, along with David Pedrick, designed a new keel. The boat got a more modern spade rudder to replace the old, barn-door type, and a more modern deck. That included new cockpits and a spinnaker pole trough – basically all the working deck – as well as a new chainplate structure.”

The boat received a new rig: an aluminium mast, as per the class rules, but with carbon used everywhere else, as well as all-new Harken hydraulics. And, of course, the ‘J’ foretriangle dimension is at 24ft once again.

For this level of investment in time and money, there was just one goal: to win the World Championship. Enterprise was chartered by Clay Deutsch for the summer, but the race started even before she had hit the water. “The challenge for us has been the calendar,” says Deutsch. “We didn’t have the boat in a position to go sailing until the end of May. And it’s pretty humbling how long it takes to get these boats dialed in.”

enterprise-restored-1977-americas-cup-boat-double-wheels-credit-Paul-Todd-outside-images

Double wheels: outer one for steering; inner one for trim tab control

Nevertheless, her pedigree showed quickly. In her first competition in Newport this summer, Enterprise posted a pair of 1sts in the two final races. In the 2019 World Championship in Newport she finished a solid 2nd overall in the Modern Division to the more seasoned Challenge XII .

For Deutsch, the 12 Metre seed was planted long ago. “When I was a kid, while other kids had baseball and football cards, I had an Intrepid scrapbook, and I have always fantasised about 12 Metres. Then, out of the blue this past winter, North Sails’ Mike Toppa came to me with, ‘What about Enterprise ?’ It was the furthest thing from my mind, and I just figured we wouldn’t be there.”

But Deutsch was persuaded, and work shifted into a frenzied pitch at New England Boatworks. “I remember when I first looked at it, and it was in a million pieces, and I said: ‘I’m not a professional, but my amateur opinion is that this boat has no chance of being ready.’

enterprise-restored-1977-americas-cup-boat-asymmetric-foredeck-credit-Paul-Todd-outside-images

Asymmetric foredeck hatches – the port hatch has a roller on the aft side for spinnaker take downs

“But Ben Quatromoni, the project manager, and his team jumped on it, working around the clock, and we made it to the starting line.” Today Enterprise ’s decks today are remarkably spartan for a 12 Metre: it’s 1977 meets 2019 technology, with lots of carbon. “The boat setup is complicated,” says Quatromoni, “but it’s very user-friendly.”

The port foredeck hatch has a roller on the aft side, TP52 -style, for the string take down spinnaker system. Once around the roller, the chute is pulled through a Dacron tube that runs to the stern. With the grinders working in unison, the sail disappears in five seconds.

Control lines run through custom-made carbon ‘trumpets’, allowing them move effortlessly out of sight. Carbon reels take up the halyards. These are ratchet system reels, where one control line spins the reel, bringing the halyard in, and another control line releases it. Unlike those reels, the spinnaker take-down reel is powered off the pedestals.

enterprise-restored-1977-americas-cup-boat-spinnaker-takedown-bag-credit-Paul-Todd-outside-images

The spinnaker take down bag; the spinnaker comes down through the forward deck hatch and is pulled through this long Dacron bag

The aluminium cockpit has been lowered to get the grinders down and allow the boom to just avoid grazing the deck when fully sheeted in. But the boom is low. “Man, is it crowded,” says Deutsch. “I can barely fit under the boom – when we’re tacking, I’m literally down on all fours.”

The port and starboard jib trimmer pits have hydraulic controls for the jib tack and jib leads, which is standard for the Twelves. As on most 12 Metres, below decks is anything but simple.

The 150ft of mainsheet runs from the traveller car up into the boom, forward to the gooseneck, below deck, then aft to a turning block where it goes up into the mainsheet pod. Rather than using a winch for the traveller, the car is controlled by a Harken magic wheel below decks, with a 17:1 purchase.

With so many hydraulic systems, continual pumping is required to keep them pressurised, and the aft cockpit pedestal is set up to run a rotary pump, mounted below, for that purpose. For trimmers, there’s no downtime. Once they’ve finished trimming, it’s back to pumping to keep the hydraulics powered up.

The workmanship on many of the systems is truly extraordinary. The turning blocks for the spinnaker sheet and guy are so inconspicuous as to be barely noticeable. The traveller control line looks as if it has been simply laid on deck.  Enterprise ’s original white hull is now battleship grey. Coupled with black spars, the effect is stunning.

Specification

LOA: 20.15m (66ft 1in) LWL : 13.41m (44ft 0in) Beam: 3.78m   ( 12ft 5in) Draught: 3.78m   ( 12ft 5in) Displacement: 25.7 tonnes Sail area: 168m 2  (1,808ft 2 ) Design: Sparkman & Stephens Year: 1977 Builder: Minneford Yacht Yard, Inc.

About the author

Dave Powlison has been writing about sailing since the late 1970s and is currently an editor-at-large for Sailing World magazine. When not writing, he races Etchells and an RS Aeros in Vermont, USA.

First published in the November 2019 edition of Yachting World.

The NYHSF 12 Meter Program

12 metre yacht racing

Click here for the 2022 12 Meter Heritage Regatta

The New York Harbor Sailing Foundation’s  12 Meter Program  is an invitation to a select group of sailing enthusiasts to help support and preserve two America’s Cup 12 Meters. These yachts are important pieces of American yachting history.

The 12 Meter class has inspired many generations of sailors. They are iconic and majestic yachts which personify the beauty of sailing.  12 Meters are the pinnacle of American yachting tradition.

12 Meters & the America’s Cup

12 metre yacht racing

In 1907, the International Rule (also known as the Meter Rule) was established by the new International Yacht Racing Union to coordinate international racing. This rule led to the development of the many classes and the most popular were the 15 Meter, 12 Meter, 8 Meter and 6 Meter. 12 Meters were used in the Olympics from 1908 to 1920 and over the years, more than 300 yachts have been built under the 12 Meter rule.

In 1958, the 12 Meter class was selected to revive the America’s Cup Races. This catapulted the 12 Meter class into the limelight and they became the most iconic and famous yachts in American history.

12 Meters raced for the America’s Cup from 1958 to 1987. The names of yachts like Intrepid, Courageous, Australia II and Stars & Stripes helped define these generations.

12 Meters in the America’s Cup Finals, 1958 to 1983

When Australia won the America’s Cup in 1983, many tears were shed. But in fact, this loss would lead to the greatest America’s Cup in history, and the peak of the 12 Meter class. Here comes 1987 and one of the greatest comebacks in sports history.

1987 & the Greatest Year of the America’s Cup

America II (US 46) Comes to NY Harbor

On the 20 th Anniversary of the Manhattan Yacht Club in 2007, a group of visionary Members responded to the Commodore’s suggestion to commemorate the occasion by doing something special – acquiring a 12 Meter. This is how US 46 came to New York harbor. Read more about this story .

Acquisition of the Second 12 Meter

Frequently in life, the most interesting opportunities arrive at the most inopportune times. In 2015, the opportunity arrived to acquire a second 12 Meter, US 46’s sistership. The Foundation decided to “Go For It.”  Read more about this story. 

What our program is trying to accomplish:

The main goal of the New York Harbor Sailing Foundation’s 12 Meter Program is: to be a good caretaker of these important pieces of American yachting history.

This means raising enough money to properly restore, maintain and preserve these 12 Meters. This also means building an endowment so the 12 Meters continue to inspire after we are gone. And finally, this means sailing these iconic 12 Meters so they inspire and engage more people.

We accomplish these goals by inviting people who care about sailing and historic preservation to join our 12 Meter Syndicate  “ Syndicate Member ” and make annual donations to support this program. In addition to donations made by Syndicate Members, the Foundation generates revenue by selling tickets to paying passengers and offering private charters. Our main annual fundraiser is the 12 Meter Dinner before the Sailors Ball in April.

How You Can Get Involved

If you are a sailing enthusiast and would like to help with the restoration and preservation of these iconic 12 Meters, please consider this an invitation to join the effort. This is a rare opportunity to be part of something historically significant and special.

CLICK HERE to Join the NYHSF 12 Meter Syndicate

You do not have to be an experienced sailor to support this mission of historic preservation. If you are a novice sailor or just a sailing enthusiast, this is an opportunity to get more involved in the world of sailing.

Comments are closed

12_LG.png

12 METRE RACING

Philipsburg, Sint Maarten

Length: 20.11 Metres (66 Feet)

Beam: 3.65 Metres (12 Feet)

Draft: 2.72 Metres (8.9 Feet)

Sail: 166 Sq. Metres (1786 Sq. Feet)

THE HISTORY

Canada II is generally regarded as being the fastest light air 12 Metre Class sailboat in the world.

Canada II was designed by Bruce Kirby and built by McConnel Marine in 1982, and competed in the 1983 Louis Vuitton Cup as Canada I. In between the ’83 and ’87 competitions she was radically redesigned, being extended both in her bow and stern, given the addition of a winged keel, and rechristened Canada II. She went on to serve as Western Canada’s challenge for the 1987 Louis Vuitton Cup under the flag of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club. She is extremely fast, agile and tough to beat during every 12 Metre Regatta race!

12-metre-challenge-31.jpg

  • ABC7 Bay Area 24/7 live stream Watch Now
  • Watch the latest ABC7 newscast here Full Story
  • Track wildfires across CA with this interactive map Full Story
  • boat accident

Divers find 5 bodies during search of superyacht wreckage after it sank off Sicily, 1 still missing

AP logo

ROME -- Divers searching the wreck of a superyacht that sank off Sicily found the bodies of five passengers Wednesday and searched for one more as questions intensified about why the vessel sank so quickly when a nearby sailboat remained largely unscathed.

Rescue crews unloaded three body bags from rescue vessels that pulled into port at Porticello. Salvatore Cocina, head of the Sicily civil protection agency, said two other bodies had also been found in the wreckage for a total of five.

The discovery made clear the operation to search the hull on the seabed 50 meters (164 feet) underwater had quickly turned into a recovery one, not a rescue, given the amount of time that had passed and that no signs of life had emerged over three days of searching, maritime experts said.

The Bayesian, a 56-meter (184-foot) British-flagged yacht, went down in a storm early Monday as it was moored about a kilometer (a half-mile) offshore. Civil protection officials said they believed the ship was struck by a tornado over the water, known as a waterspout, and sank quickly.

Fifteen people escaped in a lifeboat and were rescued by a nearby sailboat. One body was recovered Monday - that of the ship's chef, Recaldo Thomas, of Antigua.

Thomas was born in Canada, according to his cousin David Isaac, but would visit his parents' homeland of Antigua as a child, moving permanently to the tiny eastern Caribbean island in his early 20s. Italian officials previously listed Antigua as the nationality of someone on board.

The fate of six missing passengers had driven the search effort, including British tech magnate Mike Lynch, his 18-year-old daughter and associates who had successfully defended him in a recent U.S. federal fraud trial.

Lynch's spokesperson did not respond to a request for comment Wednesday.

RELATED: 2 Americans among 6 passengers still missing after superyacht sinks off coast of Sicily

Meanwhile, investigators from the Termini Imerese Public Prosecutor's Office were acquiring evidence for their criminal investigation, which they opened immediately after the tragedy even though no formal suspects have been publicly identified.

Questions abound about what caused the superyacht, built in 2008 by Italian shipyard Perini Navi, to sink so quickly, when the nearby Sir Robert Baden Powell sailboat was largely spared and managed to rescue the survivors.

Was it merely the case of a freak waterspout that knocked the ship to its side and allowed water to pour in through open hatches? What was the position of the keel, which on a large sailboat such as the Bayesian might have been retractable, to allow it to enter shallower ports?

"There's a lot of uncertainty as to whether it had a lifting keel and whether it might have been up," said Jean-Baptiste Souppez, a fellow of the Royal Institute of Naval Architects and the editor of the Journal of Sailing Technology. "But if it had, then that would reduce the amount of stability that the vessel had, and therefore made it easier for it to roll over on its side," he said in an interview.

The captain of the Sir Robert Baden Powell sailboat, which came to the Bayesian's rescue, said his craft had sustained minimal damage - the frame of a sun awning broke - even with winds that he estimated reached 12 on the Beaufort wind scale, which is the highest, hurricane-strength force on the scale.

He said he had remained anchored with his engines running to try to maintain the ship's position as the storm, which was forecast, rolled in.

"Another possibility is to heave anchor before the storm and to run downwind at open sea," Karsten Bornersaid in a text message. But he said that might not have been a viable option for the Bayesian, given its trademark 75-meter (246-foot) tall mast.

"If there was a stability problem, caused by the extremely tall mast, it would not have been better at open sea," he said.

Yachts like the Bayesian are required to have watertight, sub-compartments that are specifically designed to prevent a rapid, catastrophic sinking even when some parts fill with water.

"So for the vessel to sink, especially this fast, you are really looking at taking water on board very quickly, but also in a number of locations along the length of the vessel, which again indicates that it might have been rolled over on its side," Souppez said.

Italian coast guard and fire rescue divers continued the underwater search in dangerous and time-consuming conditions. Because of the wreck's depth, which requires special precautions, divers working in tag teams could only spend about 12 minutes at a time searching.

The limited dive time is designed in part to avoid decompression sickness, also known as the "bends," which can occur when divers stay underwater for long periods and ascend too quickly, allowing nitrogen gas dissolved in the blood to form bubbles.

"The longer you stay, the slower your ascent has to be," said Simon Rogerson, the editor of SCUBA magazine. He said the tight turnaround time suggests the operation's managers are trying to limit the risks and recovery time after each dive.

"It sounds like they're operating essentially on no decompression or very tight decompression, or they're being extremely conservative," he said.

Additionally, the divers were working in extremely tight spaces, with debris floating around them, limited visibility and oxygen tanks on their backs.

"We are trying to advance in tight spaces, but any single thing slows us down," said Luca Cari, spokesman for the fire rescue service. "An electric panel could set us back for five hours. These aren't normal conditions. We're at the limit of possibility."

"It's not a question of entering the cabin to inspect it," he added. "They've arrived at the level of the cabins, but it's not like you can open the door," he said.

The Italian coast guard said they had reinforced their dive teams and were using underwater remote-controlled robots, which can stay out for six or seven hours at a time and record the surroundings.

The lack of any signs of life and the recovery of bodies led outside experts to conclude that the search was now a recovery effort and investigation to determine how the tragedy had unfolded.

"I think the fact that there's been quite a lot of diving presence around the vessel and that they haven't been able to pick up any signs of life inside the vessel, is, is unfortunately, not a particularly good sign," said Souppez.

Winfield reported from Rome and Kirka from London. Associated Press visual journalists Trisha Thomas in Rome and Silvia Stellacci in Porticello and reporter Anika Kentish in St. John's, Antigua contributed.

Related Topics

  • BOAT ACCIDENT
  • SEVERE WEATHER

Boat Accident

12 metre yacht racing

What we know about why a luxury sailing boat sank off Sicily coast

12 metre yacht racing

2 Americans among 6 missing passengers from sunken superyacht

12 metre yacht racing

Good Samaritans rescue 2 after boat catches fire near Redwood City

12 metre yacht racing

Man killed, 10 injured after CA boat crashes with rocks

Top stories.

12 metre yacht racing

EXCLUSIVE: Marin Co. park rangers RV chase leads to crash in tunnel

  • 3 hours ago

12 metre yacht racing

1 person dead after shooting at Dublin apartment complex: police

  • 2 hours ago

12 metre yacht racing

FBI launches campaign to increase awareness of frauds, scams

12 metre yacht racing

Bay Area relishing in the national spotlight after DNC shoutouts

12 metre yacht racing

RFK Jr. suspending campaign, backing Trump

SF school board president resigns amid looming closures

Former pilot who tried to shut down engines in-flight shares his story

CDC predicts slightly better cold and flu season this winter

INTERNATIONAL 12 METRE ASSOCIATION

  • Meet the ITMA Team
  • Class Rules
  • Class By-Laws
  • 12mR Database
  • Measurement Certificates
  • The 12mR Class by Luigi Lang & Dyer Jones- Volume 1
  • The 12mR Class by Luigi Lang & Dyer Jones- Volume 2
  • 2024 PORQUEROLLES
  • 2023 NEWPORT
  • 2021 HELSINKI
  • 2019 NEWPORT
  • 2014 BARCELONA
  • 2011 FLENSBURG
  • WORLD CHAMPIONS
  • 2017-2019 Series
  • 2021 Regattas
  • 2020 Regattas
  • 2019 Regattas
  • 2018 Regattas
  • 2017 Regattas
  • 2016 Regattas
  • 2015 Regattas
  • 2014 Regattas
  • 2013 Regattas
  • 2012 Regattas
  • 2011 Regattas
  • AMERICAS FLEET
  • NORTHERN EUROPE FLEET
  • SOUTHERN EUROPE FLEET
  • Americas Fleet
  • N. Europe Fleet
  • S. Europe Fleet
  • Coupe de France Series

AZZURRA III (I-10)

Crusader (k-24), legacy (kz-5), vanity v (k-5).

  • VICTORY ’83 (K-22)

WINGS (K-15)

  • 12mRs for Charter
  • 12mR Brand Guide
  • 12mR Team Store

12mRs for Sale

CRUSADER (K-24)

CRUSADER (K-24) was designed and built for the last America’s Cup in the 12-metre class, she benefited from years of development in the class and advanced aluminum technology and skills at the time. Since then, she has been well-loved and maintained by her current owner, and more importantly, she has been used and not left to stand idle.

AZZURRA III (I-10)

Own an Italian racing machine! Built in 1986 according to the International Third Rule- America’s Cup, Azzurra III (I-10) is under complete refit in Italy, which will presumably be completed by October 2024.

IKRA (K-3)

IKRA: The iconic 12mR is now available for a new owner! Formerly named Kurrewa V, IKRA serves as a testament to the enduring sustainability and versatility of the 12-Metre class in the America’s Cup. IKRA also holds a special status in France as a “Bateau d’intérêt patrimonial” (heritage vessel)…

VANITY V (K-5)

Own a vintage beauty; 12mR Vanity V (K-5) is available for purchase and ready to race!

LEGACY (KZ-5)

KZ-5 was the second in a development series of the three “Plastic Fantastics” (KZ-3, KZ-5, KZ-7) built by McMullen & Wing for the 1987 New Zealand Americas Cup Challenge in Perth, Western Australia. Well maintained and stored professionally, she was chartered by a Swedish Syndicate for the 2019 World Championships in Newport and claimed first place in the Grand Prix Division.

WINGS (K-15)

Wings (K-15) now available for purchase! Wings (K-15) oiis a Camper & Nicholson 12 Metre which was originally built in…

Victory ’83 (K-22)

Victory ’83 (K-22)

Victory ’83 is for sale! Victory’83 (K-22) is an International 12 Metre yacht based in Newport, RI. Over the past twelve years,…

IMAGES

  1. 12 Metre Challenge

    12 metre yacht racing

  2. 12 Metre Challenge

    12 metre yacht racing

  3. History of America's Cup Racing

    12 metre yacht racing

  4. 12m racing hi-res stock photography and images

    12 metre yacht racing

  5. 12-Meter yachts competing in the 1987 America’s Cup in Fremantle

    12 metre yacht racing

  6. 12 Metre Class racing at The 2015 Newport Regatta

    12 metre yacht racing

COMMENTS

  1. 12 Metre

    The 12 Metre class is a rating class for racing sailboats that are designed to the International rule. It enables fair competition between boats that rate in the class whilst retaining the freedom to experiment with the details of their designs. ... 12 Metre yachts were used for the last time in America's Cup competition at the 1987 event held ...

  2. 12 Metre Worlds

    THE INTERNATIONAL 12 METRE ASSOCIATION encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world's foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, Ben Lexcen and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation. The resulting boats represented the pinnacle of yacht development from 1907-1987 for the highest ...

  3. 12 Metre Yacht database

    The 115 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world's foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, Ben Lexcen and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation. The resulting boats represented the ...

  4. INTERNATIONAL 12 METRE ASSOCIATION

    The 115 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world's foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, Ben Lexcen and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation. The resulting boats represented the pinnacle of yacht development from 1907-1987 for the ...

  5. 2024 12mR World Championship

    The 115 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world's foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, Ben Lexcen and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation.

  6. History of 12 Meter Racing

    12 Meter Racing Yachts. The 12 Metre Class - America's Cup contenders 1958-1987. In 1958, after a twenty-one year halt of America's Cup competition, racing continued with a new class of racers, the 12 Metre Class. These 60 to 70 foot sloops were smaller in size, easier to crew, and more manageable on a race course than the previous 135 ...

  7. St. Maarten 12 Metre Racing

    MAARTEN 12 METRE RACING. St. Maarten Twelve Metre Racing is a physically and culturally immersive, historic sailing experience that allows our guests to compete against one another as integral working members of the crew. Except for some guest safety enhancements, all boats in the 12 Metre fleet have been exquisitely maintained in original form.

  8. Home

    The 112 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world's foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, Ben Lexcen and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation. The resulting boats represented the ...

  9. The America's Cup

    Designed by Ben Lexcen and skippered by John Bertrand, she was the first ever 12 Metre to compete with a winged keel. Overcoming a 3-1 deficit to win 4-3 over Dennis Conner aboard Liberty, the Australians heralded in a new era of America's Cup racing. This set up the 1987 America's Cup, which many consider to be the greatest of all time ...

  10. International Twelve Metre Association

    The 116 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world's foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife ...

  11. Reminiscing "Freedom": a 12 Metre Classic

    Today's America's Cup competition, conducted on closed-course race tracks in skittish foiling catamarans—about as far removed as possible from a stately 12 Metre racing in the open ocean—bears little resemblance to what the event looked like in the early 1980s. And Newport has undergone a radical makeover as well.

  12. Home

    Racing Schedule 2019 12mR WORLDS Photo Gallery The Fleet News. Membership Support Donate Anchors ...

  13. FAQ

    The 12 Metre Class was first established in 1906, and became competitive in Europe and North America. For the 1958 America's Cup Trophy, the contestants and the America's Cup Organizing Committee agreed that it was time to move on from the pre-war era of the "J Class" boats. A lighter, more maneuverable design, it was argued, would ...

  14. History of America's Cup Races

    From 1930 to 1937, the America's Cup course was 30 miles long. In 1958, when the era of the 12 Meters began the course was shortened to just over 24 miles. For over 50 years Newport proved to be a perfect venue for the America's Cup because of its light and predictable winds and small volume of commercial traffic.

  15. 12 Meter Yacht Charters

    12 meter yacht charters. 1 Bannister's Wharf Newport, Rhode Island 02840. Mailing address: PO Box 305, Newport, Rhode Island 02840 +1 (401) 851-1216. [email protected]

  16. 12-Metre

    The 12-Metre Class is a rating class for racing boats designed to the International rule. It enables fair competition between boats that rate in the class whilst retaining the freedom to experiment with the details of their designs. The first 12 Metres were built in 1907. The 12 Metre Class was used in the Olympic Games of 1908, 1912 and 1920 ...

  17. World Champions

    The 115 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world's foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, Ben Lexcen and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation. The resulting boats represented the ...

  18. Enterprise: Is this restored 12 Metre the best yacht to never contest

    Enterprise is a 1977 S&S-designed 12 Metre, originally built to defend the America's Cup, and restored in time for this year's 12 Metre World Championships ... Essential yacht racing skills ...

  19. 12 Metre Yacht Club

    12 Metre Yacht Club. 1,165 likes · 1 talking about this. The 12 Metre Yacht Club is home of Newport's 12mR Racing Fleet. Our mission is to restore and foster interest in the 12mR style of racing by...

  20. The Race

    THE RACE. OVERVIEW. Each day, we run authentic head-to-head races called "regattas" on an America's Cup race course set in the Great Bay of Sint Maarten. At 12 Metre Racing, the action is for everyone ages 6 or older*, and no prior sailing experience is necessary! Our expert crew will provide you and your party with all the knowledge ...

  21. The NYHSF 12 Meter Program

    In 1907, the International Rule (also known as the Meter Rule) was established by the new International Yacht Racing Union to coordinate international racing. This rule led to the development of the many classes and the most popular were the 15 Meter, 12 Meter, 8 Meter and 6 Meter. 12 Meters were used in the Olympics from 1908 to 1920 and over ...

  22. Canada II

    THE HISTORY. Canada II is generally regarded as being the fastest light air 12 Metre Class sailboat in the world. Canada II was designed by Bruce Kirby and built by McConnel Marine in 1982, and competed in the 1983 Louis Vuitton Cup as Canada I. In between the '83 and '87 competitions she was radically redesigned, being extended both in her ...

  23. 'In a class of its own': a radical new racing yacht sets sail

    The pair teamed up on this new-era racing yacht. "My work is below water. ... (including a defence in his own 12-metre champion, Kookaburra), victory in the Admiral's Cup in 2003, ...

  24. Divers find 5 bodies during search of superyacht wreckage after it sank

    The Bayesian, a 56-meter (184-foot) British-flagged yacht, went down in a storm early Monday as it was moored about a kilometer (a half-mile) offshore. ... even with winds that he estimated ...

  25. 12mRs for Sale

    The 115 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world's foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, Ben Lexcen and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation. The resulting boats represented the ...