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Best fixed compasses: 6 options for binnacle and bulkhead mounted units

• Andrew Dare
• March 27, 2023

Every sailor needs a reliable and dependable fixed compass in the cockpit, allowing safe navigation while keeping on a straight heading. We pick out 6 of the best fixed compasses, both binnacle and bulkhead mounted....

Fixed compasses are an essential piece of kit that every yacht needs. They are especially good in this day and age, as they do not need any electrical power to run.  They can get you where you are going and back home again safely, even in the event of an onboard power outage. 

Under the compass card is a small magnet which lines up north/south using the Earth’s magnetic field. Then the whole compass is encased in a damping fluid to give a stable heading at sea.

Many things may alter the compass alignment. Deviation is caused by onboard metal, such as  your engine, cockpit speakers and even the wires supplying power to your compass light. Consequently, all compasses then need to be adjusted using small compensating magnets inside the compass. Usually, this needs the hand of an experienced compass adjuster, during a process called “swinging the compass”.

Compass s tyles

Traditionally, binnacle compasses are mounted directly in front of the wheel. These compasses have a flat card, which is only viewed from above. Usually they are mounted on a platform, to raise them up from the pivot point of the wheel. Also they tend to be larger, giving a clearer vision.

Smaller yachts and those with tiller steering, usually have bulkhead-mounted compasses at the front of the cockpit, to one side of the companionway. One advantage of these, is they mostly come with a built in clinometer, showing your angle of heel. Knowing this, also helps you to decide when to put that reef in. Many of these have hybrid dials. This allows you to read the compass from above, as well as when stood in the cockpit at the helm. The downside is, you need a hole to be cut in your boat to fit the compass.

If you are in interested in the best hand bearing compasses , we’ve covered them off in a separate feature.

6 of the best fixed compasses

Ritchie BN 202 Navigator

Specifications

Card diameter: 130mm Size: 200mm x 200mm x 180mm Warranty: 5 years Lighting: 12v

Reasons to buy:

High performance Solid workhorse Built-in inclinometer up to 40 degrees Built in sun cover Duel lighting for dependable night sailing

Reasons to avoid:

More expensive than many compasses Larger than most

This is a top quality fixed compass and built for all conditions. Having a vertical numerical display 1.5cm high, this makes it easy to read from the helm position, as well as from the cockpit. A sapphire jewel pivot system gives a steady reading, together with its internal gimbal.

A good safety point with this compass, which is not usually seen, is it has dual 12v night lighting. This will make it more dependable on longer voyages, where you don’t want to be dismantling the compass for repairs. Below the bezel is an easy to read in-built inclinometer, which reads up to 40 degrees, together with 3 lubber lines for steering to windward.

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Plastimo Contest 130  

Best fixed compass for racing

Card diameter: 130mm Size: 190mm x 170mm x 170mm Lightning: 12v/14v

Can be fitted to any thickness of bulkhead Can also be bracket-mounted, even to the mast Heel angle clearly marked up to 45 degrees Sharp and clear display Bulb positioned at front for good even illumination Scratch-resistant dome Can be read from inside and outside bulkhead Inclinometer

Can be hard to track down

This compass is very sharp and can be clearly read from up to five metres away as well as from above too. In addition, the bulb integrated into the front flange, gives an even illumination over the whole compass dome. Another bonus is this also makes for easy replacement. It comes with a scratch-resistant compass dome and is fully UV-ray treated.

This is a very versatile compass, as it is one of the few compasses that can be read from both inside the cabin as well as the cockpit. It can be fitted to bulkheads inclined up to 25 degrees and of any thickness. All these points have made it a very popular choice for racers, where it is regularly used on the Figaro circuit and  Golden Globe race .

Buy from Gael Force Marine

Lewmar Flush Mount 135 compass with hood

Best fixed compass for ocean passages

Card diameter: 130mm Size: 150mm x 150mm Warranty: 5 years Lighting: 12v/24v

Has a large compass card Can be binnacle-mounted or bulkhead-fitted Suitable for larger yachts using a 24v system

The price Pedestal mount requires separate binnacle mount, which is not included

This compass features a durable sapphire jewel pivot. The flush mounting can be read from both above and the helm position. A handy built-in cover slides over the compass when not in use, to protect it from damaging UV rays , so no more searching about at the end of a voyage for that cover.

Buy from Lewmar

Buy from Solas Marine

Buy from Mylor Chandlery

Silva 100NBC Compass

Best all-round, versatile fixed compass

Card diameter: 100mm Size: 60m x 160mm x 160mm Warranty: 2 years

Can be read from top, as well as from aft Bulkhead or pedestal mounted (using separate binnacle mount) Built-in protective cover Many mounting options with adjustable bracket Adjustable lighting within the protective cover

Mount not as solid as bulkhead or binnacle Lighting cable very exposed and prone to damage No heel angle scale

This compass has duel scales, allowing it easily be read from both above and the helm position. The Silva 100NBC, has a solid bracket, permitting various mounting alternatives and can even be mounted upside down on the headlining, if space is limited.

It’s one of the few compasses to have adjustable illumination, operated by moving the protective cover up and down.

Autonautic CHE-0074 Compass

Best fixed compass for larger and steel yachts  

Size: 195mm x 195mm x 180mm Card diameter: 140 mm Warranty: 5 years Lighting: 12v/24v

The Compass for larger vessel More accurate graduation markings Can be fitted with iron correctors, for steel vessels

More expensive

Aimed at bigger yachts, this is the largest of the fixed compasses featured here. Its is especially good for steel yachts, which produce much deviation from their metal hull. This is a no-fuss, but robust compass that is durable and trustworthy.

Having a larger diameter, this allows more space for extra graduations on the compass card. Lines are marked ever 2.5 degrees, giving better accuracy compared to most, which have 5 degree markings.

Buy from Marine Compasses

Buy from Auto Nautic

Clipper Fluxgate Compass System

Best fixed compass for coastal sailing

Card diameter: N/A Size: 110mm x 110mm Depth behind panel: 30mm Supply voltage: 1 2v DC Power consumption: 40mA Fluxgate accuracy: +/- 1 degree with Adjustable Damping Resolution: 1 degree Fluxgate Dimensions: 72mm x 68mm x 40mm Fluxgate Data: 475 grams, including 10 metre cable

Fluxgate sensor can be mounted away from metal Bright easy to read screen On-screen arrows show which way to steer to stay on course Off course alarm Very accurate

Always needs power to keep working, unlike a magnetic compass Not as visible from all angles, as with a binnacle-mounted compass

The Clipper Compass is a fully electronic compass with remote fluxgate sensor. This is a totally electronically operated compass, and can display both true or magnetic headings.

The display is large and clear, having seven levels of illumination. Coming with a 10m cable, the gimballed sensor can be mounted well away from strong magnetic fields and metals

In use, it can display a series of chevrons, showing the direction and amount to steer, to return to your chosen course. Secondly, an off-course alarm provides a safety feature when not at the helm. If the yacht’s heading deviates by more than a preset amount, then the alarm will sound.

Buy from Nasa Marine

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Navigate Confidently Across Waters With the Best Boat Compasses

Sailing into open waters can be an exhilarating experience, but it can quickly turn into a real-life nightmare if you get lost. Whether you are a newbie who is just learning to ride a boat or an experienced sailor who loves taking in the salty air and waves, a boat compass can be your savior.

Not sure which compasses work? Rest assured, we have you covered with all the information you need to get your hands on one of the best boat compasses of 2024. Our favorite pick is the  TurnOnSport Boat Compass . This compass not only lights your path but also firmly adheres to your boat's surface, ensuring a smooth and efficient navigation experience. Keep reading to learn more about this compass and four other great options below!

Our Top Picks

• Best Overall: TurnOnSport Boat Compass Shop Now ➔
• Best Readability: Ritchie Navigation Boat Compass Shop Now ➔
• Best Value: COSTIN Multifunctional Boat Compass Shop Now ➔
• Most Versatile: Odowalker Electronic LED Boat Compass Shop Now ➔
• Most User-Friendly: DETUCK Boat Compass Shop Now ➔
• 1 The Best Boat Compass Buying Guide
• 3 Durability
• 4 Ease of Reading
• 5 Mounting Options

What is the lifespan of a boat compass?

Why is there a bubble in my boat compass, can a boat compass work on any kind of boat, what kind of maintenance is required for a boat compass, is a compass necessary if i have a gps system on my boat, related reviews, the best boat compasses, best overall.

TurnOnSport Boat Compass

The TurnOnSport Boat Compass brilliantly casts a glow on your path with its unique incandescent light display. This means no more fumbling in the dark. Simply connect the two power cords to your boat’s 12V dashboard power supply to illuminate the compass dial to ensure clear visibility during night sails. And this boat compass doesn’t just shine, it flexes with an adjustable bracket and a visible lubber line. We like that this enables you to tailor the reading angle to your sitting position and read directions with ease and clarity.

Crafted from durable, high-quality ABS plastic, this boat pivoting compass guarantees long-term usage. You can protect it from extreme sun glare with its one-side cover, and marvel at its handy features that sync the compass direction with your ship’s heading. And the dashboard compass displays not only your heading but also the 180-degree direction, guiding you back to your path effortlessly. Plus, installation is a breeze — you can either stick it on any flat surface with the EVA foam sticker or secure it with two screws. Not to mention, this large marine compass boasts of its waterproof and corrosion-resistant construction that promises long life even in the harshest marine environments.

• Easy installation
• Lights up in the dark
• Adjustable bracket
• Might be too large for some

Best Readability

Ritchie Navigation Boat Compass

This Ritchie Navigation Boat Compass has a 2 3/4-inch dial and surface mount that are engineered for high-end functionality and longevity. Its powerful DirectiveForce magnets swiftly lock on to the heading, ensuring precise navigation while out on the water. This compass confidently endures extreme temperature conditions, thanks to its high-temperature composite construction, extending its reliable operating range.

We love that the compass sports a compact, low-profile design that seamlessly integrates with your boat’s aesthetic. A movable sun shield takes the reins in reducing glare, improving readability on sunny days. And the built-in green night illumination and direct-reading dial facilitate clear visibility and accurate readings, even in low-light conditions. Compensators are conveniently incorporated into the design for easy deviation adjustment. Topping it all off, this product is 100% repairable, ensuring it stands with you for the long haul. And with a quick push-button removal feature, you can securely store this compass away when not in use. 

• Compact design 
• Direct reading dial
• Internal green night illumination
• Higher price point

COSTIN Multifunctional Boat Compass

COSTIN’s Multifunctional Boat Compass is made from high-strength engineering metal, ensuring robustness and durability that can withstand the test of time. Its fluorescent design, featuring a luminous magnet arrow and compass card, illuminates data in the dark after sufficient exposure to sunlight. The compass prides itself on its multifunctional nature, wrapped in a compact metal case for the ultimate portability.

We were impressed to discover that it comes with a foldable metal lid, a floating compass dial with a 360° scale, an adjustable prism lens, and a sighting telescope. Plus, a pouch and lanyard are also included, making it easy to carry on all your outdoor adventures. And this compass doesn’t shy away from harsh weather conditions thanks to its IP 54 waterproof grade and solid metal construction. Whether you’re hiking, navigating, camping, boating, or on an adventure, you can trust this compass to guide you reliably. Armed with a built-in bubble level, it enhances the compass’s accuracy and minimizes errors.

• Built-in bubble improves accuracy
• Waterproof and shockproof
• Manufactured from durable engineering metal
• Not accurate enough for some

Most Versatile

Odowalker Electronic LED Boat Compass

This Odowalker Electronic LED Boat Compass is crafted from high-quality ABS material, ensuring durability and longevity in all your adventurous undertakings. The adjustable magnetic declination sheet empowers you to customize the compass according to your needs, and the environmentally friendly make-up adds a touch of conscious to your navigation.

The incandescent light function transforms your night-time reading difficulties into smooth sailing, illuminating the compass for seamless direction reading even in low light conditions. We like that it caters extensively to different vehicles, becoming an essential navigation tool for cars, marine boats, trucks, and caravans. And the adjustable declination sheet and bracket serve as a helpful aid, allowing you to tweak the compass into the most comfortable and visible position. Plus, the inclusion of two power cords that can be connected to a power supply light or vehicle dashboard, turns up the brightness on your journey.

• LED light function
• Works for cars, ships, and more
• Comes with adjustable brackets
• Not as high-quality as alternatives

Most User-Friendly

DETUCK Boat Compass

DETUCK’s Boat Compass is an indispensable tool for nautical navigation, seamlessly indicating your forward direction via its red indicator line. Instead of the conventional compass that points to the geomagnetic north, it dynamically shows the direction you’re heading, providing comprehensive navigational aid (for optimal performance, the compass needs level positioning and freedom from magnetic interferences). The compass shines, quite literally, with its night lighting feature. By wiring to an external 12V power supply, the compass illuminates with a soft red light, enhancing visibility during night-time journeys. But if you’re like many of us and daylight voyages are more your speed, you do have the option to skip this connection.

The compass also offers an impressive magnetic declination adjustment feature. By utilizing the two provided holes, you can fine-tune the compass’s accuracy in both east-west and north-south directions, perfect for those seeking precision in their travels. Its easy-mount design means you’ll have it set up and ready in no time. Supplied with double-sided tape and screws, the compass adheres securely to your boat’s dashboard. As for accuracy, while sudden, continuous movements could momentarily disturb the compass’s alignment, it promptly repositions and corrects its direction. 

• Magnetic declination for proper accuracy
• Red light illumination
• Simple installation
• Not always accurate

The Best Boat Compass Buying Guide

Navigating confidently across waters is a crucial aspect of any boating expedition, be it a leisure trip or a fishing adventure. The key to seamless navigation is having the right boat compass by your side. This buying guide will explore how to choose the best compass for your needs, with a focus on vital attributes such as accuracy, ease of reading, mounting options, and more. 

Accuracy isn’t just about pointing towards the north but offering precise readings that allow you to navigate effectively. The magnetic needle or dial should respond swiftly and accurately to changes in direction. Look for compasses with a high degree of sensitivity and those that have been precisely balanced and aligned. Remember, an inaccurate compass can lead you astray, while a reliable one keeps your voyage on track.

When cruising on waters, your compass will be exposed to various elements. As such, it needs to be sturdy and weather-resistant. It should withstand exposure to extreme temperatures, saltwater, and sunlight without compromising its functionality or visibility. A high-quality boat compass is built with durable materials like high-grade plastic, brass, or even glass that offer longevity and reliable performance.

Ease of Reading

A boat compass must be easy to read, especially in challenging conditions. For clear visibility, the compass should feature large, bold numbers and letters and a contrasting background. And a built-in illumination system is also essential for night-time sailing. Some models even feature a red LED light that preserves your night vision while ensuring the compass readings are clearly visible.

Mounting Options

Your boat compass should be installed in a location where it’s easily visible and accessible, but not in the way of other operations. So consider the available mounting options. There are surface-mounted, flush-mounted, and bracket-mounted compasses. Surface-mounted compasses are easy to install but may take up more space. Flush-mounted compasses offer a sleek look but require a cut-out on your console. Bracket-mounted compasses offer flexibility in placement but may not be as secure. Choose a type that complements your boat’s design and your personal preference.

Lastly, the price of the boat compass plays a significant role in your decision. High-end models with advanced features and superior build quality will naturally be pricier. But, there are also affordable options that offer reliable performance. As always, it’s essential to strike a balance between quality and cost-effectiveness. Set a budget that suits you but doesn’t compromise on the essential features of accuracy, durability, and ease of reading.

People Also Asked

With proper care and maintenance, a good quality boat compass can last for many years, even decades. But, it's important to regularly check the compass for accuracy and signs of wear.

A small bubble in your boat compass can occur due to changes in temperature or altitude, and it usually doesn't affect the compass's accuracy. Of course, a large bubble can indicate that the compass is leaking its damping fluid, which requires repair or replacement.

Yes, a boat compass can typically work on any boat, whether it's a small kayak, a fishing boat, or a large yacht. But, larger boats may benefit from larger, more elaborate compasses with more features.

Regular maintenance for a boat compass includes cleaning the compass with a gentle cloth and mild cleaner, avoiding harsh chemicals that could damage the compass. It's also important to regularly check the compass for inaccuracies or issues with the gimbal (the component that allows it to tilt).

A boat compass is a reliable backup to a GPS. GPS systems rely on power and satellite connections, which can fail or be unreliable in certain areas. A boat compass, on the other hand, relies only on Earth's magnetic field.

Article Contributors

Sail magazine review team.

SAIL Magazine Review Team reports on best-selling products in sailing and boating. SAIL Magazine is reader-supported: When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Artificial Intelligence (large language models) may have been used in the research and creation of the content.

To ensure questions about product testing or a specific article are addressed, please contact [email protected]

Compass Yachts a buyers guide

Introducing a new series on australia's most popular second-hand production boats. experienced yacht broker david bray profiles the history and enduring success of the compass yachts range.

A press clipping captures the scene when the 300th Compass 28 rolled out of the shed. Toasting the new yacht are Don Lees and Gunther Heuchmer, the two founders of Compass Yachts, and the proud new owners. All are resplendent in the fashion of the day, which has come and gone (and come and gone again). But Compass Yachts' popularity endures to the year 2000 in the second-hand market, almost two decades since it stopped production.

Asked to write a regular piece about popular production yachts, I thought that Compass was a logical place to commence. So I rang Don Lees, now in Brisbane, who I occasionally catch up with on the phone when a client needs a surveyor up north. True to form as always, Don was happy, interested and obliging, despite the ups and downs dealt out by the boating industry to those who have been part of it.

What was going to be a quick 15-minute exploratory chat, turned out to be an hour of lively banter about the history of Compass Yachts, punctuated by happy reminiscences of just about every person involved in production-yacht building back in the '60s and '70s.

True to his word, an express post envelope arrived the next day bearing 'The Don Lees Library' full of photos, brochures and memorabilia that Don has collected over the years.

I was impressed by a black-and-white photo of a 'young slip of a kid', complete with thongs (jandles if you're a Kiwi), standing next to the strip plank plug of the Westerly 26 (later to be revamped and known as the Pacific 27). That photo was taken in 1969, when Don was 31. Oh how we age... or do black-and-white photos make us look young?

Like most fibreglass production-yacht builders of the day, Don started out his working life as a shipwright. Born in New Zealand, he had always messed around in sailing dinghies, from the P-Class up, and then yachts. The natural progression was to become a shipwright and Don also picked up naval architecture experience working with top New Zealand yacht designer Bob Stewart, famous for the Stewart 34s.

Don then moved to Australia and to gather more experience, he worked at the well-known Halvorsen's yard in Sydney, before moving out and starting work on his own.

By contrast, Don's co-director/co-designer, Gunther Heuchmer, came to Australia from Germany as a fibreglass technician, expert in both the marine and aeronautical fields with this relatively new material - 'fibreglass'. The story goes that the pair met up when Gunther was subcontracting the fibreglass mouldings and Don the timber fitout for the Endeavour 24s.

And so G.H. Fibreglass was formed somewhere in 1965/66, with Don and Gunther's first design being the Northerner 28. "A bloody big production yacht at the time," Don says. In fact, the only bigger fibreglass yachts on the local scene then were the Clansman 30 and Nicholson 32.

The first Northerner 28 hit the water in 1966 (a year after the Beatles' hit, Yesterday), to be followed by the Southerly 23, Westerly 26, and Easterly 30, filling out the four points of the compass, hence the company's name change in the '70s.

A feature in the Northerner 28 which was to follow through into the Compass 28 and Compass 29 was the high-set dinette and large cabin windows, to allow light in and a view out. In Don Lees' words, "On most yachts, going below was like going down a mine shaft!"

Interestingly, even though it was a large yacht by the day's standards, a Northerner 28 could be launched fully complete for under $10,000 in the late '60s.

Around 1970, Don and Gunther made what was to be a fairly short-lived arrangement with the yacht designer/builder John Duncanson in South Australia. Duncanson was going to produce the fibreglass mouldings, to be fitted out by Don and Gunther.

Duncanson did produce a more modern deck moulding which was then used in what became the Compass 28 and in South Australia the Duncanson 29.

Another offshoot was that the Duncanson 18 briefly became the Compass 18, before moving on to David Rose and becoming the Compass Careel 18, Australia's most popular production trailer yacht.

By the time all production moved back to Sydney, the Compass 28 was replete with full fibreglass internal mouldings for the furniture, neatly trimmed with Don Lees' high standard of timber finish. It was therefore one of the first production yachts to be fully finished, commissioned and launched by the factory. Alternatively, the yacht could be ordered at various stages for owner fitout, using factory kits or their own resources.

The Compass 29 was born in 1974 out of Don and Gunther's desire to upgrade what had become Australia's most successful production yacht, to keep up with what customers desired and take advantage of some new production techniques to improve efficiency of construction.

Comparing the two, the Compass 29 has more freeboard, allowing two metres of headroom plus extra beam, which, together with the revised deck, allows for a beamier cabin including a dinette suitable for four adults - still with the fantastic view (the Compass 28 dinette is really only comfortable for two adults and two children, as the sidedeck encroaches too much).

The shrouds were moved inboard, allowing easier access forward, plus changes were made to the underwater shape. There is still argument as to which is the best sailing yacht... but as Don Lees says, "It depends who's on the tiller!" The Compass 29 definitely wins hands-down on internal room and comfort.

Initial thoughts (and hopes for factory efficiency) were that the Compass 28 would 'die off', to be taken over by the new Compass 29. This proved wrong, as the Compass 28s continued into the '80s. In fact, I remember selling two 28s into a charter fleet at The Spit in Sydney in the early '80s, at which stage I was Sydney Sailboat Centre with Geoff 'Grandad' Pearson.

Back in those days, people still bought new boats, as second-hand boats were still priced relatively close to the new boat price, and for some customers the Compass 28 was within reach while the Compass 29 was just that bit too expensive.

I asked Don Lees if he still had any old boat tests, as they were always a good source of information. His response was, "We were too busy selling them to do boat tests!"

It's probably sufficient to say that some people would describe the sailing ability of the Compass 29 as boring, while others would say sedate and 'un-scary'. The latter point of view explains why so many Compass 29s have been sold, and continue to sell quickly when they come on the second-hand market, as they satisfy the need for a safe, family yacht.

Checking through my sales folders proves that there is no such person as a typical Compass 29 owner. They can be first-time yacht buyers all the way through to those looking for "My last yacht... and I'll be taking the grandkids out on her".

Recently I sold a 1980 Compass 29, Karamanda, which apart from being in very good condition for its age, had the three magic ingredients that buyers want - wheel steering, headsail furler and the bigger Yanmar 15hp diesel. As the photos show, Karamanda is a stock-standard production yacht showing excellent utilisation of space. As mentioned before, the dinette 'with views' seats four adults comfortably and makes a good double bed when converted.

The dinette table includes a chart drawer, so that the space normally used for a dedicated chart table allows for a larger, longitudinal galley and two full-size adult quarter berths.

Forward of the galley and dinette is the private toilet area and the forward double bunk, which completes the roomy six-berth layout.

The Compass 29 was a cleverly packaged, old-fashioned yacht that imparted a feeling of safety to the buyer, together with a bright, airy interior taking full advantage of fibreglass furniture and linings.

Resale of the Compass 29s (and Compass 28s) is excellent, with most flying through marine survey. Structurally, the Compass 29s are 'over-built'; when they became popular as charter yachts both on Pittwater and in the Whitsundays, Don Lees could have built the boats lighter and still complied with the charter requirements. Many other production yachts had to be beefed up to comply.

The Compasses do suffer the usual crop of osmosis, which today is nowhere near the mystery it was 10-20 years ago. One well-known surveyor has gone to the trouble of backtracking through his surveys of all types of yachts and found that 95% of the fibreglass yachts have had osmosis during their life.

Don says: "Like many manufacturers worldwide, Compass Yachts suffered the period of transformation to the newer formulated resins, inheriting larger overseas and local resin manufacturers' initial problems. In retrospect, the material was critically unstable and required a post-curing and workshop temperature control not found in production yards even today."

As the largest producer of fibreglass yachts at that time in Australia, Compass was used as something of a 'guinea pig' for the new materials, causing some heartache in the company's warranty hip-pocket.

On the positive side, most Compasses on the market are 20-25 years old and have generally been surveyed at least five times or more during their life, giving the intended buyer solid reassurance.

In the mid '70s to early '80s, the yacht marketplace started to change and 'go modern'. Compass Yachts built the 1975 Sydney-Hobart winner, the groundbreaking Farr 1104, Piccolo. But as Don Lees says, "At Compass we had a very loyal customer base who wanted the more traditional cruising yacht, and as it turned out, a lot of them went to the Ron Swanson-designed Arends 33, while boats like John Buck's Northshore 27 and 33 and the Peter Cole-designed Traditional 30 picked up the modern end of the market."

At the end of 1979, Gunther decided to leave Compass Yachts and go to the performance end with his Farr 40s and 37s and later the Spider trailer yachts. One of his Farr 40s, Indian Pacific, sailed to victory in the notorious 1984 Sydney to Hobart Race.

Don Lees stuck with Compass Yachts and put his efforts into the centre cockpit Compass 33 Innovator, which was based on the Farr 1104 hull. The concept was ahead of its time and also totally foreign to the loyal band of Compass followers, who still wanted something traditional.

Don recalls that at the 1981 Sydney Boat Show, "The lights went out - it was recession time and no-one wanted to buy boats". It was certainly a sad time, since Compass yachts had put out close to 1000 yachts and had an excellent rapport with their customers.

I can recall picking up the last Compass 29 to come out of the factory - despite the obvious difficulties of a voluntary liquidation, Don had the boat ready on time, as promised. Just as we learnt to depend on Don, you can certainly depend on Compass Yachts.

Northerner 28	1965-70
Southerly 23	1968-70
Westerly 26	1969-70
Easterly 30	1969-72
Compass 18	1970
Compass 28	1970-81
Compass 29	1974-81
Compass 750	1977-81
Compass 38	1970-76
Defiance 30	1980-81
Farr 1104	1975-79

Compass 28	$24,000-$30,000
Compass 29	$33,000-$40,000
(Guide only - there are always exceptions at each end of the scale!)

LOA	8.58
LWL	6.70m
Beam	2.48m
Draft	1.30m
Displacement	3.25t
Ballast	1.78t

Main	17.46sqm
Jib	9.77sqm
Genoa	18.42sqm

LOA	8.84m
LWL	6.90m
Beam	2.81m
Draft	1.30m
Displacement	3.60t
Ballast	1.73t

Main	15.47sqm
Jib	12.82sqm
Genoa	27.40sqm

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How to Swing a Compass on a Boat

• By Lenny Rudow
• March 15, 2024

Do you know how to swing a compass on a boat? Most boaters don’t, because we’ve become so accustomed to navigating via our chart plotters and GPS that a compass these days almost seems like an afterthought. But much as we modern mariners love our electronic navigational gear, we all know darn well that one day it might not work. Software glitches, electric gremlins and hardware mishaps all happen on boats. And when they happen to your vessel’s electronics, unless you have a lot of familiar landmarks within sight, you’d better know how to use that compass. Just as importantly, you’d better know how to swing a compass on a boat so you know it will give you an accurate reading when you need it most.

What is Swinging a Compass?

All compasses are subject to deviation as the result of interference caused by metal items and/or electrical fields generated by accessory equipment and the wires that feed them. This interference can cause a compass’s reading to be off by a few degrees, or in some cases a lot more. So, all compasses are equipped for small adjustments that can compensate for this interference. Adjusting this compensation is called “swinging” the compass.

How to Swing a Compass

Swinging the compass requires a bit of very simple preparation. First, you’ll first need to choose an area where you have visible landmarks like fixed markers, lighthouses or points to steer for on headings within 10 degrees of north/south and east/west. You also need to be in an area with relatively calm waters without too much current, so your boat’s course over ground is as close as possible to the boat’s actual heading. Then, you’ll need to figure out how your specific compass is adjusted. Most of the time there will be two visible compensators that look like set-screws or visible rods with slotted screw heads, one on the front of the compass and another on the side. If it’s not obvious, refer to your owner’s manual. (If you don’t have the manual handy, a quick Google search can usually provide the answer). You’ll also need a non-magnetic screwdriver or key to turn the screws.

Once underway, take a north-south course, observe your GPS course, and compare it to your compass heading. Note: Always remember to make sure your GPS is set to magnetic north, not true north, because your compass always reads to magnetic headings. If you’re unsure how to do so, refer to your GPS’s owner’s manual.

If the GPS and compass don’t match up, turn the compensator on the side of the compass (generally called the port/starboard compensator) until the compass and the GPS agree. Then turn your boat to an east-west course. Again, match up the GPS to the compass, and if they disagree, this time turn the compensator on the front of the compass (generally called the fore/aft compensator) until the courses match up.

When you’ve performed both port/starboard and fore/aft compensations, turn the boat around and run reciprocal courses to double-check the heading accuracy.

Additional Things to Know to Swing a Compass

If you don’t have GPS, you can still swing the compass using a quality hand-bearing compass held far from any metals or accessories. You can also refer to paper charts with recorded course lines between north/south and east/west landmarks, although this will likely result in a less-accurate adjustment.

Keep in mind that what we’ve covered so far is for swinging a boat compass that has already been installed in a boat. If you’re installing a new one from scratch, you may need to rotate the compass itself, in its mounting position, before affixing it in place to get readings that are close to accurate before following this process. In this case, it’s wise to carefully select the mounting location to keep the compass as far as possible from large metal items or electrical accessories. Also remember that some electrical accessories can affect the compass intermittently, depending on when they’re in use. Windshield wiper motors, for example, are notorious for unexpectedly throwing boat compasses out of kilter.

Finally, note that compass compensators have their limits. It may differ by brand, but a 20-degree limit is common and if your compass is off by more than that, it will need to be partially rotated or mounted in a different spot.

In this age of GPS and electronic navigation, swinging a boat compass may seem quaint. But remember, when those electronics fail you, you’ll need that compass to get back to port. And an error of five degrees might not sound like too much, but if you run for 10 miles you’ll be close to a mile off from your destination. So be prepared for those software glitches, electrical gremlins and hardware mishaps, and swing your boat’s compass before you cast off the lines on your next big adventure.

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Navigating the compass bearings

• Navigating the Waters: A Comprehensive Guide to Boat Compasses and Bearings

Are you a sailing enthusiast, an adventure seeker, or simply someone who loves spending time on the water? If so, understanding the importance of a reliable compass for boats is paramount. Whether you're charting unknown territories or simply ensuring your safety while navigating familiar waters, a boat compass can be your best friend. In this article, we'll dive into the world of boat compasses, compass bearings, and everything you need to know to make your nautical journey smooth and secure.

Introduction to Boat Compasses

In the world of navigation, a boat compass stands as an unwavering guide, helping mariners find their way even when modern technology fails. It's a fundamental tool for sailors, adventurers, and even everyday boaters who seek safe passage and thrilling experiences on the water. But what exactly is a boat compass, and why is it so essential?

A boat compass is a navigational instrument that utilizes the Earth's magnetic field to indicate direction. Unlike electronic gadgets, it operates without batteries or satellite signals, making it a dependable companion in remote locations or during emergencies.

Understanding Compass Bearings

Compass bearings, often referred to simply as "bearings," are a crucial concept in navigation. A bearing represents a direction in degrees, measured clockwise from the north direction. In nautical terms, bearings help sailors establish their current position, plan routes, and avoid obstacles.

Types of Boat Compasses

Sailing compasses: the navigator's reliable companion.

A sailing compass is a staple on any boat. Mounted securely for easy viewing, it provides instant directional information, aiding sailors in maintaining their course even when surrounded by endless waves. Sailing compasses come in various sizes and designs, catering to different boat types and personal preferences.

Handheld Compasses: Your Versatile On-the-Go Guide

Handheld compasses offer versatility for those who enjoy exploring both land and sea. These compact companions fit in your pocket and are perfect for hikers, kayakers, or sailors who occasionally go off-boat. Their portability makes them an excellent backup navigation tool.

Hand Bearing Compasses: Navigational Precision in Your Palm

Hand bearing compasses are designed for pinpoint accuracy. They allow users to take bearings of distant objects by aligning the compass with the target. These compasses are particularly useful for determining landmarks' positions, calculating distances, and verifying your boat's location.

Choosing the Best Handheld Compass

Factors to consider: accuracy, durability, and features.

When selecting a handheld compass, consider factors such as accuracy, durability, and additional features. Look for models with built-in lighting for night navigation, declination adjustment for precise readings, and sturdy construction to withstand the rigors of the outdoors.

Top Picks: Exploring the Finest Handheld Compasses

• AdventurePro 3000 : Packed with advanced features and a rugged design, this compass is a reliable companion for both land and sea explorations.
• NavGuide Ultra : Known for its exceptional accuracy and user-friendly interface, this compass ensures you're never lost

Read our top notch articles on topics such as sailing, sailing tips and destinations in our Magazine .

Check out our latest sailing content:

Benefits of Sailing Compasses

Reliable navigational aid: making your sailing adventures memorable.

Sailing compasses offer a sense of security that technology can't always provide. They enable you to connect with ancient seafaring traditions while ensuring you can find your way home, regardless of satellite availability.

Stress-Free Sailing: How Compasses Enhance your Experience

With a sailing compass by your side, you can focus more on the breathtaking beauty of the open waters and less on worrying about getting lost. Let the compass handle the navigation, so you can relish every moment of your sailing journey.

Mastering Compass Bearings

What are compass bearings unraveling the basics.

Compass bearings are essential for determining the direction of an object or location relative to your own position. They consist of three parts: the direction (north, south, east, or west), the angle in degrees, and whether the bearing is measured clockwise or counterclockwise.

Reading and Using Bearings: Practical Tips for Success

To read a bearing, hold the compass flat, align the direction of travel arrow with the target, and rotate the compass housing until the north end of the needle aligns with the orienting arrow. The degree reading at this point is your bearing. Using this information, you can chart your course accurately.

Maintaining Your Boat Compass

Proper care: extending the lifespan of your compass.

To ensure your boat compass remains reliable, regularly clean the housing and the glass to prevent dirt accumulation. Store it in a dry place, away from strong magnets and electronic devices that could affect its accuracy.

Calibration and Adjustment: Keeping Your Compass Accurate

Periodically calibrate your boat compass to correct any deviations caused by local magnetic fields or interference. Most compasses come with instructions on how to perform this procedure. Calibration ensures that your compass provides accurate readings.

Embarking on a boating adventure without a reliable compass is like setting sail without a map. A boat compass is more than a tool; it's a trustworthy companion that ensures you never lose your way amidst the vast blue expanse. By understanding compass bearings, choosing the right type of compass for your needs, and mastering their usage, you'll unlock the full potential of your nautical journeys. So, whether you're a seasoned sailor or a curious novice, equip yourself with a quality boat compass, and let the tides of exploration carry you to unforgettable destinations.

So what are you waiting for? Take a look at our range of charter boats and head to some of our favourite  sailing destinations.

I can help you choose the right boat for your holiday. Contact me.

Denisa Nguyenová

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For 89 years, we at Silva have manufactured compasses for orienteering, outdoor life, adventure and boating. With our quality compasses, you get precise and fast navigation on land or at sea, day or night. Constantly developing and improving our compasses to become the best on the market is something we have worked with since the beginning in 1933.

Orientation compasses for fast and precise navigation

Our range of orienteering compasses ranges from beginner compasses for children and adults, to compasses used by elite orienteers. Here you will find wrist compasses for children and ruler compasses that can be used both for orientation and hiking. Our rotary capsule thumb compasses have the highest performance and are developed by elite orienteers. You'll also find classic Silva orientation controls and orientation markers.

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Are you looking for sailboat compasses, motorboat compasses or compasses for kayaks? Here you will find sailboat compasses for bulkhead mounting, front-reading boat compasses, flush-mounted compasses, pedestal compasses for sailors and motorboat compasses that can handle high speeds. Most of our marine compasses have high heeling angles, dual scale, three ruler lines and built-in lighting for night navigation. We also have kayak compasses that you attach with rubber bands, universal compasses that can be used both as steering compasses and hand-held bearing compasses and inclinometers.

Compasses outdoor and outdoor life

Find a compass for outdoor life and adventure. Among our beginner compasses you will find classic standard compasses with a rotatable compass housing and entry-level compasses that meet the requirements for training in schools, youth groups and leisure orienteering. Here you will also find adventure and expedition compasses such as our aiming compasses with global needle, magnifying glass and slope card to detect avalanche risk.

Quality compasses since 1933

Already in 1933, the Kjellström brothers, Silva's founders, invented the first liquid-filled compass that revolutionized navigation and became a global standard. Namely, the liquid created a resistance that prevented the needle from spinning. Now you could read the compass in just 4 seconds, compared to the previous 30. Ever since then, we have developed and improved our compasses to be as fast and precise as possible.

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Ritchie navigation has been manufacturing high-precision, american made compasses for the past 170 years. we specialize in magnetic compass and oem compass parts, to keep helmsmen secure through any voyage. with industry expertise and cutting-edge technology, shop from the world’s #1 compass manufacturer.

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Ritchie F-50 Explorer Compass (Flush Mount) - Black

Ritchie F-50 Explorer Compass (Flush Mount) - Black 2 3/4" Easy to Read Direct Reading Dial Easily Installed, Fits 3.75" (9.53 cm) Mounting Hole.  Internal Green Night Illumination Built-in Compensators to Easily Adjust for...

Ritchie B-51 Explorer Compass, Bracket Mount - Black

Explorer Compass Features 2 3/4" Easy to Read Direct Reading Dial Adjustable and Removable with Bracket and Thumbscrews Internal Green Night Illumination Built-in Compensators to Easily Adjust for Deviation Scientifically Matched Sapphire Jewel...

Ritchiesport X-23 In-Dash Marine Compass - Black

Ritchiesport X-23 In-Dash Marine Compass - Black The Ritchie RitchieSport Marine Compass is a reliable navigation tool for boaters that is easy to install. This compass installs right into your dash, fitting standard 2" gauge holes. RitchieSport...

Ritchie F-50 Explorer Compass, Flush Mount

Explorer Compass Features 2 3/4" Easy to Read Direct Reading Dial> Easily Installed, Fits 3 3/4" (9.53 cm) Mounting Hole Internal Green Night Illumination Built-in Compensators to Easily Adjust for Deviation Scientifically Matched Sapphire Jewel &...

Ritchie S-53 Explorer Marine Compass, Surface Mount - Black

Ritchie S-53 Explorer Marine Compass, Surface Mount - Black The Ritchie Explorer Marine Compass is a black compass featuring an easy to read Direct-Read dial. Direct-Read dials allow you to see the compass heading and lubber line from directly in front...

Ritchie RA-91 Explorer Angler Marine Compass, Bracket Mount

2 3/4" Direct-Reading Dial Easily Adjustable Bracket Mount with Thumb-screws No-Glare Gray Finish with High-Visibility Blue Dial Distinctive RitchieAngler Graphics Scientifically Matched Sapphire Jewel & Hardened Steel Pivot Dial Movement Internal...

Ritchie F-83 Voyager Flush Mount Compass - Black

Ritchie F-83 Voyager Flush Mount Compass - Black The Ritchie F-83 Voyager Compass has a 3" CombiDamp Dial and black housing. Combi Dials are a combination of direct-read and flat-card design dials, allowing them to be read from both above and directly...

Ritchie X-10B-M RitchieSport Bracket Mount Compass-Black

Ritchie X-10B-M RitchieSport (Bracket Mount) The Ritchie RitchieSport Marine Compass is a reliable navigation tool for boaters that is easy to install. This compass comes with an adjustable bracket mount that allows a mounting range of over 300 degrees...

RitchieSport X-10 Marine Compass

RitchieSport Compass Features Easy-to-Install on Windshield or Dash Two-Sided, Self-Adhesive Mounting Pads Included Reversible Bracket Adjusts through 300° 2" Direct-Reading, High Visibility Dials Internal Green Night Lighting High Temp...

Ritchie V-57 Explorer Dash Mount Marine Compass

Ritchie V-57 Explorer Dash Mount Marine Compass The Ritchie V-57 Explorer Marine Compass is an in-dash compass featuring an easy to read Direct-Read dial. Direct-Read dials allow you to see the compass heading and lubber line from directly in front...

Ritchie F-82 Voyager Compass Flush Mount

Voyager Compass Features 3" PowerDamp Flat Dial Easily Installed, Fits 4 1/8" (10.48 cm) Mounting Hole Exclusive Built-in Green NiteVu Night Illumination Built-in Compensators to Easily Adjust for Deviation Scientifically Matched Sapphire Jewel...

Ritchie B-51W Explorer Bracket Mount Compass

Ritchie B-51W Explorer Bracket Mount Compass The Ritchie Explorer Marine Compass is a black compass featuring an easy to read Direct-Read dial. Direct-Read dials allow you to see the compass heading and lubber line from directly in front. Can easily be...

Ritchie Helmsman Flush Mount CombiDial Compass

Ritchie Helmsman Flush Mount Compass (RIT-HF-743) The Ritchie Helmsman White Flush Mount Marine Compass is easy to install and is a reliable navigation tool for boaters. This compass features built-in NiteVu night illumination for navigating in dark...

Ritchie XP-99 Kayaker Surface Mount Compass-Black

Ritchie XP-99 Kayaker Surface Mount Compass - Black Ritchie Kayaker Series Compasses are a reliable and easy to use navigation tool. These compasses don't require wires or power and installation is easy. The Ritchie Kayaker compass utilizes Ritchie's...

Ritchie S-53W Explorer Surface Mount Compass - White

Ritchie S-53W Explorer Surface Mount Compass - White The Ritchie Explorer Marine Compass has an easy-to-read Direct-Read Dial, which allows you to see the compass heading and lubber line from directly in front. This type of dial works great for when...

Ritchie Supersport White Compass w/ Blue Dial

Ritchie Supersport White Compass w/ Blue Dial (RIT-SS-1002W) Ritchie Supersport Marine Compasses are designed and tested for use on offshore race boats. Each Supersport Compass features a PowerDamp Plus dial which features a PowerDamp dial skirt to...

Ritchie Helmsman White Flush Mount CombiDial Compass

Ritchie Helmsman White Flush Mount Compass (RIT-HF-743W) The Ritchie Helmsman White Flush Mount Marine Compass is easy to install and is a reliable navigation tool for boaters. This compass features built-in NiteVu night illumination for navigating in...

Ritchie XP-99W Kayaker Compass - White

Ritchie XP-99W Kayaker Surface-Mount Compass - White Ritchie Kayaker Series Compasses are a reliable and easy to use navigation tool. These compasses don't require wires or power and installation is easy. The Ritchie Kayaker compass utilizes Ritchie's...

Ritchie Supersport Black Compass w/ Blue Dial

Ritchie Supersport Black Compass w/ Blue Dial (RIT-SS-1002) Ritchie Supersport Marine Compasses are designed and tested for use on offshore race boats. Each Supersport Compass features a PowerDamp Plus dial which features a PowerDamp dial skirt to...

Ritchie X-10W-M RitchieSport Bracket Mount Compass-White

Ritchie X-10W-M RitchieSport Marine Compass-Bracket Mount - White The Ritchie RitchieSport Marine Compass is a reliable navigation tool for boaters that is easy to install. This compass comes with an adjustable bracket mount that allows a mounting range...

Marine compasses are great navigational aids. Wholesale Marine has a large selection for boats of every size, including personal watercraft! Choose the compass that’s right for your navigational needs from brands like Allen , Davis Instruments , Optronics , and Ritchie Compass .

Going fishing or game hunting? Ritchies’s TR-31 Trek Compass mounts with a bracket, and is clad in a tall grass camo print. We even carry Ritchie’s Tie Down compass just for kayakers! It attaches easily and securely to your personal watercraft with a bungee cord and clips. For precise marine bearings, try Davis Instruments’ Illuminated Hand Bearing Compass . Hand held, it uses a magnetic bearing for readings, and stores easily in a drawer or glove compartment when not in use.

Not Sure Which Marine Compass You Need? Just Ask Us!

Optronics’ Zero Spin Marine Compass is available in either black or white finish. Its 5-degree graduation makes it easy to read. Looking for a reliable navigation tool for your boat? Ritchie’s Helmsman Bracket Mount Marine Compass installs with ease and features built-in night vision that is ideal for boating in dark conditions as well as during blinding sunlight. Designed for use during offshore boat races, Ritchie’s Supersport Flush Mount Compass installs with screws, and provides maximum stability even during severe pitch and roll conditions.

When you have a question about which marine compass is best for your needs, call the boating experts at Wholesale Marine. We’re boaters, too, and love to assist other enthusiasts. Returns are quick and easy and with our Captain’s Club Rewards Program you’ll earn points you can redeem on your very next purchase. Give us a call Monday through Friday from 8:30 AM until 4:30PM EST at (877) 388-2628 for the customer service experience you deserve!  

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How to Use a Boat Compass (Complete beginners guide)

Every boat should have a compass and a sailor that knows how to use it. It isn't difficult to use one - it's just so easy to make mistakes if you've never learned to use them. In this post I learn you how.

How to use a boat compass? The lubber line (a small line on the compass) marks your direction on the compass card. The direction is given in degrees. You pick a course on a marine chart. Then, you steer the boat so that the lubber line points to the correct degree on the compass card. You keep course by making sure the lubber line stays put.

Using a compass is easy enough. The hard part is making sure it's properly calibrated, and this is where many people go wrong.

On this page:

How to use a boat compass, types of compasses, how does a compass work, difference between gps and compass, how to swing a compass, quick mounting tips, related questions.

To use a boat compass, you need the following:

• a compass (of course)
• a maritime chart
• make sure the compass is properly calibrated and adjusted

Each compass has a line on its glass. This is called the lubber line. The lubber line is used to mark your direction on the compass card. The compass card is the rotating card that says North, South, and so on.

You pick a course using a marine chart. You start by determining your starting position (the easiest is taking your marina - typically it will be on the map). Then, pick your destination. You can determine the course by drawing a line between these two points and reading the angle (degrees).

Learn to Plot a Course Step By Step To learn how to plot a course on a chart step-by-step, read our full illustrated guide here .

Time to get moving. You set course by steering the boat to the direction where the lubber line on the compass matches the degree you chose exactly. You keep course by making sure your lubber line stays put.

Generally, you can simply use the above method, but it can prove inaccurate with longer journeys due to drift and tidal currents. Calculating and planning your course to steer (CTS) is a different subject and outside the scope of this article.

Why it's important to have one

A well-compensated compass gets you home, period. It's the most important and reliable navigational instrument around. The only place it's useless is near the magnetic poles, but who goes there for their sailing trip ( - dare)? It doesn't require any power, it doesn't rely on electronics or satellite. And sadly, it's as underutilized as it is useful.

If you carry a compass and a paper chart, you're practically unbeatable.

I would much prefer a compass over any electrical system. Chartplotters are great, but they won't beat a compass in the reliability game. I feel much more secure navigating any waters using a compass than all the chartplotters in the world.

If your boat doesn't have a compass, get one asap. I really mean this. There will come a day you really wish you had one. There fairly inexpensive, so in my opinion it's better to skip the new sonar-fishfinder-thing and get a reliable compass. They last you a lifetime and will serve you well.

You don't have to go overboard when buying a good, reliable compass. It's pretty affordable. If you want to know what I use, read my article here . It's so good, I even have one in my car.

Calibration / alignment

If the compass isn't properly calibrated it can cause trouble. I'll get into the reasons for misalignment below. The easiest way to check for misalignment is by paying attention when you enter or leave your marina. Most marine charts show the exact course for entering harbors and marinas. Align yourself with the buoys and check whether your compass matches.

How to make sure you always get home safely

When setting sail, always remember the opposite direction of your course. This is the reciprocal course. It's the magic number that will get you home, no matter what.

More high-end compasses will have a lubber line at the back as well. This helps you to read the direction reciprocal course. If you don't have a fancy double lubber line, simply add 180 degrees to your course. I make sure to remember it every time I set course. If my chartplotter fails, I'll get home without problems.

I recommend having a backup compass in your captain's bag as well.

There are many types of compasses, but the main ones you use on a boat are magnetic and GPS.

• magnetic compass - use a moving card or moving needle to determine Magnetic North
• GPS compass - these use multiple satellites that pinpoint location; they determine True North
• fluxgate compass - no moving parts; uses coils of wire and uses electricity to amplify the directional signal

In addition I recommend to have a hand bearing compass. This is a good backup and can be especially useful for coastal navigation.

The most common type of compass is magnetic. It points to magnetic north. It does this by small magnets which are attached to the compass card. The compass card has a degree-scale which sits on a small bearing. This allows the card to rotate freely as you change direction - it's kept in liquid air to allow free movement. You can read your direction using the needle or lubber line. The best type of compass for boats is a magnetic compass with a curved card and lubber line.

So, simple enough, right? Not really. When we say a compass points north, it gets more complicated than you might imagine. There are three different norths: (1) Magnetic North, (2) True North, and (3) Grid North.

Grid North is north as indicated by the central vertical grid line on a map (the line running east of the UK). True North is the end of Earth's axis. The difference between true and grid north is very small and can be ignored for navigational purposes.

Magnetic North is where all magnetic compasses point to. The magnetic north pole shifts over time (less than 6 meters per year on the surface), called the 'Chandler wobble', under influence of the dynamo currents of the Earth's core. If you want to learn more on how this works, you can find more information on Scientific America here .

Checking the alignment when leaving the marina

A compass can be misaligned. Luckily, there's a simple way to find out. You can find the directional line for the entry of all major marinas on a marine map. It always tells you the exact direction. This gives you a great opportunity to check the alignment of your compass every time you leave and enter your marina.

Once you're aligned with the buoys, you can compare the direction your lubber line indicates to the direction you know you're sailing. Adjust accordingly.

Other ways to check your compasses alignment are:

• compare to reliable, accurate compass
• compare to GPS (though this can be trouble)
• find a large object that aligns to north and set course to that object

Why can't we just use GPS?

However unlikely, in theory GPS can fail in many ways. On the satellite side of the operation, the most common reason for failure in open waters are atmospheric conditions (aka the weather). More uncommon causes for failure are solar storms, radio interference, temporary gaps in coverage due to maneuvers and satellite maintenance (yes, the government does need to attend to these bad boys).

In my opinion, a major reliability issue is the energy dependency of GPS devices: if you run out of power, you have no means of navigating.

A compass tells you direction, not just track

The compass is the only instrument that tells you which direction your vessel is pointing. Sure enough, GPS will tell you in what direction you're headed, but only when you're in motion. It by no means tells you what direction you're pointing in right now. And this is important because the current or wind will influence your course over ground, which will differ from your steering direction.

In short, if you're serious about navigation, and want to plan, for example, your course to steer, you need to know how to use a compass.

Using it with your navigation system

Navigating on a compass is way easier than sailing on your chartplotter. You just pick a course and stick to it. That's why I prefer to sail on compass. Whenever I get in proximity of my destination I switch to my navigation system. This ensures a way more relaxed trip. I also like to not become overly dependent of my GPS.

Nowadays, you can get a reliable, easy-to-use chartplotter , made by a reputable brand, with all the functionalities of an advanced marine GPS, at a fraction of the price. Click here to read my recommendation .

Detecting and correcting Cross Current

A cool trick when using the compass and GPS combined is detecting a cross current. You do this by comparing your true compass course to the course over ground (COG - GPS). You can find out the speed and direction of the current, and adjust your course to steer accordingly.

A 6° course correction in the direction from which the current flows is required per 10% of cross-current velocity relative to the ship's velocity.

If you're sailing at 10 knots, you correct 6° for every 1 knot of cross current.

Cross-Current Rate (knots)	Correction to Main Course (°)	6° Rule of Thumb
1	5.7°	6°
2	11.5°	12°
3	17.5°	18°
4	23.6°	24°
5	30°	30°
6	36.5°	36°

Taken from the Lo-Tech Navigator by Tony Crowley

Calibrating a compass - also called swinging - literally means you adjust the compass' deviation using tiny magnets. Compass adjusting is a complex process that requires a lot of skill and experience. That's why there are professional compass swingers. I advise you get one of them to do the swinging, since you don't want to mess up your compass. But we can still have a look at how it's done.

Compass deviation is caused by materials and equipment used in and on the vessel. For example, a compass that's slightly left of the boat's centerline may have a slight deviation to the right. The hull mass can affect the compass. If it's mounted near electronic equipment, that will affect the deviation quite a bit, since electronics produce a magnetic field.

Compass deviation is the difference between Magnetic North and the direction in which you're pointing. The deviation is measured in degrees east (+) or west (-).

A compass swinger always starts out by creating a compass deviation card . He or she does this by taking the boat out for a spin, and comparing each directional line to a very reliable compass. Then, he writes down each deviation. You can create your own deviation card, and this is even recommended. A deviation card remembers you to correct the course for your particular compass.

You can download a printable compass deviation card here - 100% free .

If you're not planning on swinging the compass, at least fill in the deviation card, laminate it, and hang it besides your steering wheel.

The next step in swinging is the most difficult. The swinger will use very small magnets and place them around the compass in a way that the deviation is reduced to a minimum. You can do this yourself, but it requires a lot of patience. I like to outsource these kinds of frustrating jobs.

You can let somebody swing your compass for roughly $400.

However, if you want to do this yourself, please consider the following tips:

• Make sure the water is smooth - no strong drift
• You could try to do it in a narrow river with a strong current - if you want to go mad
• You need a buoy that has fixed bearings to at least 3 landmarks
• You need a 'master rose' - a quality compass
• You need a friend in a dinghy
• Tie up your boat at the buoy and tie the dinghy to the stern
• Use the dinghy's engine to point to each of the landmarks and compare the master compass reading with yours
• Notate the deviation for each 30 - 45 degree increment.
• Recheck after compensation

I hope to do a full article on how to swing a compass in the future.

Since a compass is magnetic, any metals in the vicinity will interfere with it. This is called magnetic deviation. Picking a good spot for mounting is crucial to ensure accuracy. A couple of quick tips to keep in mind when mounting yours:

• keep it away from metals (they will swing the compass) ...
• ... but also from electrical systems (they have a magnetic field as well)
• mount as close to the centre line of your boat as possible (this ensures the magnetic deviations are mostly symmetrical)
• make sure it's accessible for adjustment
• it should be easily readable from the helm, while at the same time allowing you to keep an eye out for meeting vessels
• use bronze or stainless steel screws, washers, and brackets for mounting - don't use magnetic materials

There are three mounting styles for boats: bracket mounted (these are easy to install anywhere yourself), flush mounted (these are recessed into your dashboard or instrument panel), and overhead mounted (these hang from the ceiling at eye level).

Bracket mounted compasses are easiest to install. Flush-mounted compasses take a bit more effort, but look really good. A con is that they may be less accessible when you need to adjust them. Overhead mounted compasses have the advantage that they're easy to read because they're at eye level, and any air bubbles won't be as much of a problem. They are also away from most electrical equipment, which reduces magnetic interference. However, they can obviously only be mounted on larger boats with a steering hut.

Does a boat need a compass? Every boat needs a magnetic compass. It is still the most reliable means of navigation. It is also the most convenient for long-distance navigation. GPS and chartplotting navigation are becoming the norm for premium yachts, but these systems can fail. A compass is a great backup to have in case of technical failure.

What does it cost to swing a compass? It costs anywhere between $400 - 600 to swing a compass. This includes creating or checking the deviation card, placing the magnets to reduce the deviation, and doing a final check to make sure the compass is calibrated properly.

What is a compass deviation swing? A compass deviation swing a method to calibrate a compass, using small magnets to offset the deviation of the compass. Compass deviation is the difference between Magnetic North and the direction the compass is pointing in. Deviation is caused by electromagnetic fields around the compass.

Got to find ur site, really helpful with details from experience. Trying to get a sailing boat to across pacific, am in south korea, and realized very hard job to locate my boat.

Maybe new bot since I and my wife hate dirty ot damaged boat after all and also requires on site checkups to find right one. So maybe new boat, like 2017-18build never owned or used. How’s that??

Ant comments/help will be highly appreciated.

Shawn Buckles

Hi Young Kanf,

If you have the budget to buy a brand new boat, that’s great. But there are actually very good second-hand sailboats available. It’s really up to you and a matter of personal preference.

I’m very happy that you find the website helpful. Sailing the Great Pacific is said to be one of the most fulfilling and life-changing sailing trips there are, so all the best to you!

Hey Sean. Interesting articles! Plan to retire on a boat. Got anything on chart plotting? Greg.

Why not use an online compass like this: https://freecompass.online/ Such compasses do not require an Internet connection, and in any case you will have a power bank with you)

Abdul Wahab

you need to try the best online compass tool https://onlinecompass.live/ . It is fast, secure, relible and easy to use. It has critical advantage over other compasses because it once use your exact location and then gives you accurate readings. You can also use it offline once you save it.

Leave a comment

You may also like, best marine compass: going the right way cheaply.

If you're serious about sailing, you know that a reliable compass can make all the difference. I've tested many compasses and read tons of reviews of other sailors, …

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Compass Consignments, LLC

In brief, below is the reason that our customers trust us with their consigning and buying needs.

Saves you time and money

Takes the hassle out of selling your boat

• You will not have a perspective buyer make an appointment.....and not show up.

• You will not have to worry about taking the buyer out on a sea trial; only to find out he is unable to buy your boat

• You will not receive late night phone calls or play tag with the buyers

• All transactions are completed with secure funds meaning no risk of fraud or bounced checks.

Your boat will receive an extensive amount of exposure!

• We are on several online advertising locations.

• We have a number of overseas dealers that get weekly update emails showing our up to date inventory.

We can sell your boat quickly

• The Compass sales team works 6 days a week to ensure no sale is jeopardized.

• Qualified buyers are willing to travel to see their new boat.

• Our inventory is constantly updating ensuring our perspectives keep coming back

• We can finance buyers up to 100% of the cost of your boat.

Buyers are confident buying from us

• We have a fully equipped service department at our disposal.

• All of our new consignment boats must under go a 12 point safety inspection.

• We offer extended warranties to our buyers to ensure ease of mind.

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Marine Boat Compasses: Types, Maintenance, and Use

Marine boat compasses: types, maintenance, and use .

A reliable marine compass is an essential tool for any boater, providing guidance and helping to ensure a safe journey. This article covers the different types of boat compasses, their advantages and disadvantages, and practical tips on choosing, installing, and maintaining a compass for your vessel. We’ll also discuss common issues like compass deviation and heeling errors and how to address them for accurate navigation. 

Key Takeaways

• Different types of boat compasses include traditional magnetic, GPS, and gyro-stabilized compasses.
• Proper compass installation is crucial for accurate readings. Choose a location free from magnetic interference for optimal performance.
• Calibrate your compass regularly, at least once a year or before embarking on a long voyage, to account for any magnetic deviations and maintain accuracy.
• Regularly inspect your compass for signs of wear, damage, or low fluid levels.
• Having a backup compass, such as a handheld or magnetic compass, is a good practice in case of electronic failure.
• Compass deviation and heeling error can affect compass accuracy. Regular calibration and the use of gimbal-mounted or heeling-compensating compasses can help mitigate these issues.

Magnetic Compass

Magnetic compasses are essential for navigation in boats, providing the direction of travel and a means to locate your position. They rely on magnetic fields to determine direction and generally come in two varieties:

• Hand-bearing  are small units held in the hand
• Binnacle/surface-mounted  are larger versions mounted on a dashboard or pedestal.
• Typically inexpensive compared to other navigational instruments
• They don’t require any external power or light sources
• They can be used when you’re far away from land

Disadvantages

• Tendency to become inaccurate due to interference from nearby metal objects.

Hand Bearing Compass

These are designed to be held in your hand as you navigate your boat; they feature an adjustable dial to take readings from different angles. When using a hand-held boat compass, ensure the viewing plane is level with the horizon is essential for accurate readings.

Binnacle or Surface-mounted Compass

This type is mounted directly on top of your ship’s helm; these are typically more precise than their handheld counterparts but also more expensive and less portable.

One key benefit is that the helmsman does not need to hold them in hand like hand-bearing models. These larger models come with more features, such as the ability to mount multiple instruments, sight lines (vertical and horizontal), and lubber lines (which enable easy viewing of the card even when the boat isn’t level). They can have multiple lighting options, such as manual and automatic dimming.

GPS Compass

GPS units are highly precise as they determine direction by computing the distance between two or more GPS positions instead of relying on Earth’s magnetic field. Two main types are available; stand-alone models and those integrated into digital navigational systems such as chartplotters and mobile phones.

However, remember that the GPS relies solely on satellite signals. As a result, interference or signal disruption may lower its reliability compared to magnetic units. Nevertheless, when the GPS signal is strong, it provides valuable information for navigation.

The following steps should be taken when using a GPS:

• Ensure a Clear View: For optimal performance, ensure the antenna has an unobstructed view of the sky.
• Check Signal Strength: Reliable readings require a strong satellite connection, so monitor signal strength.
• Update Your GPS Software: Keep your software up-to-date to benefit from improved performance and new features.
• Consider a Backup: Always have a backup compass on board in case of GPS signal loss or equipment failure.

Fluxgate Compass

A fluxgate compass is an electronic navigation tool that measures the Earth’s magnetic field to determine your boat’s heading. This type of device uses magnetic sensors to detect the direction of the magnetic field. It can provide accurate heading information at an affordable price, making it a popular choice among boaters.

Here are some key points to consider when using a fluxgate compass:

Avoid magnetic interference : Just like traditional magnetic compasses, fluxgate units can be affected by nearby magnetic objects or devices. Install your fluxgate compass away from such sources of interference to maintain accuracy.

Proper installation : Ensure your fluxgate compass is installed securely and is level with your boat’s waterline. This helps provide reliable and consistent readings.

Regular calibration : Periodically calibrate your it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This ensures the itremains accurate and accounts for changes in the boat’s magnetic environment.

Monitor performance : Monitor its performance and compare its readings with other navigational tools, such as GPS or magnetic compasses. This can help you identify any potential inaccuracies and make necessary adjustments.

Choosing the Right Compass for Your Boat

With various types of compasses and brands available, it’s essential to consider your specific needs and preferences before deciding. Here are some factors to help you choose the right one:

Usage and sailing conditions : Evaluate the conditions in which you typically sail. If you frequently encounter rough seas, a gimbal-mounted or heeling-compensating device might be the best choice.

Accuracy requirements : Determine the level of accuracy you require. If you need highly precise heading information, consider investing in GPS, a gyro-stabilized, or a fluxgate compass.

Budget considerations : Assess your budget for purchasing a compass. While more advanced options like GPS or gyro-stabilized compasses offer greater accuracy, they are more expensive. Magnetic and fluxgate compasses are generally more affordable alternatives.

Compatibility with other equipment : Ensure your chosen compass is compatible with your existing navigation equipment, such as chart plotters or autopilots.

Ease of use : Opt for a compass with an easy-to-read display, clear markings, and user-friendly features. 

Durability and maintenance : Consider different compass types’ durability and maintenance requirements. Electronic compasses might require software updates and battery replacements, while traditional magnetic unitsmay need fluid refills or protection from corrosion.

Compass Installation

Choose the right location : Select a location free from magnetic interference, such as metallic objects, electronic devices, or wiring. The compass should be installed close to the helm for easy viewing and operation.

Ensure a level surface : The compass should be installed on a level surface parallel to the boat’s waterline. This helps provide reliable and consistent readings, even in rough conditions.

Secure mounting : Mount it securely to avoid movement or vibrations that could affect its accuracy. For gimbal-mounted compasses, ensure the gimbals can move freely to compensate for the boat’s motion.

Proper wiring : If installing an electronic compass or a compass with built-in lighting, ensure the wiring is secure and properly connected to the boat’s electrical system. Avoid running compass wiring parallel to other wiring to minimize potential interference.

Calibration : After installation, calibrate the compass according to the manufacturer’s instructions and ensure you account for any local magnetic deviations.

Test for interference : To ensure no magnetic interference, compare your readings with other navigational tools, such as GPS. To correct this, review the compass location.

Compass Maintenance 

Regular maintenance is crucial for maintaining the accuracy and lifespan of any compass. In the case of traditional liquid-filled models, this involves checking fluid levels regularly and ensuring that all parts are free from rust or corrosion.

Electronic hardware may require less maintenance but should be periodically checked for battery life and signs of wear or damage. Like other electronic devices, gyro-stabilized models may need calibration occasionally and call for regular maintenance checks.

In addition to maintenance, compasses will also require calibration for magnetic declination (the number of degrees east or west from true north) and ensuring all connections are secure. Furthermore, checking your compass against other instruments periodically is advisable to verify that it is still accurate.

Compass Deviation

Compass deviation refers to the inaccuracy of a compass resulting from various factors, such as the boat’s metal, electronic equipment, and other sources of interference. The difference between the compass direction and the true magnetic north is the deviation. It can vary based on the vessel’s location, metal composition, and other sources of interference like GPS, radar, and autopilot.

To correct for deviation, “swinging the compass” is used, which involves rotating the ship around its vertical axis and taking compass readings in different headings. These readings are used to develop a deviation card or table illustrating the deviation, and the compass is then adjusted accordingly. 

Heeling Error

Heeling error is a common problem that can affect the accuracy when the boat heels to one side. This occurs because the tilt can influence the compass needle or card, leading to inaccurate readings. 

To minimize the impact of heeling errors, consider these tips:

Choose a compass designed for heeling : Some compasses are specifically designed to minimize heeling errors. These feature a gimbal system or a compensating mechanism that allows the needle or card to remain level, even when the boat heels.

Ensure proper installation : Installing your compass where it remains as level as possible during normal sailing conditions can help reduce the problem. Ensure it is mounted securely and level with the boat’s waterline.

Calibrate for heeling : If your compass has a built-in calibration feature, adjust the compass according to your boat’s typical heeling angle. 

Use other navigation tools : When your boat is heeling significantly, consider using other navigation instruments, such as GPS.

In conclusion, understanding and choosing the right boat compass is vital for safe and accurate navigation on the water. By considering factors like boat size , sailing conditions, accuracy requirements, and compatibility with existing equipment, you can select the ideal device for your needs.

Proper installation, calibration, and maintenance are also key to ensuring your compass remains reliable and accurate throughout your voyages. By following the practical tips and advice shared in this article, you’ll be well-equipped to navigate the open waters confidently.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can I use a handheld compass for my boat instead of a mounted one?

A: Yes, you can use a handheld compass for your boat. Handheld or hand-bearing compasses are portable and often more affordable. However, they might not be as accurate or easily read as a mounted compass. Mounted compasses are generally better suited for larger boats, while handheld compasses can work well for smaller boats or as backups.

Q: How often should I calibrate my compass?

A: Calibration frequency depends on your compass type and the conditions in which you sail. In general, it’s a good idea to calibrate your compass at least once a year or before embarking on a long voyage. If you suspect you are getting inaccurate readings, recalibrate it.

Q: How do I know if my compass is affected by nearby magnetic interference?

A: To check for magnetic interference, compare your readings with other navigational tools such as GPS. If there’s a significant discrepancy between the readings, magnetic interference might be the problem. Ensure that your compass is installed away from sources of interference like electronic devices or metallic objects.

Q: Can I rely solely on my GPS compass for navigation?

A: While GPS devices are highly accurate, it’s always a good idea to have a backup in case of electronic failure or other issues.

Q: How do I maintain my boat compass?

A: For liquid-filled compasses, check fluid levels regularly and keep all parts free from rust or corrosion. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for proper maintenance and care.

Q: What is the difference between magnetic north and true north?

A: Magnetic north refers to the direction the compass needle points, which is determined by the Earth’s magnetic field. True north, on the other hand, refers to the geographic North Pole. Depending on your location, magnetic north may differ slightly from true north, so it’s essential to account for this difference when navigating.

Sacrificial Boat Anodes: A Comprehensive Guide 

A guide to the five points of sail, related posts, a guide to sailing in fog, convert knots to mph and km/h, mastering the compass on a boat.

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Model 8 Star Rainbow - Orienteering Compass Super Elite Models for World Championships and World Games Standard Balanced (Central Europe, USA)

Brand	Moscompass
Special Feature	Portable
Manufacturer	Moscompass

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Brand Name	‎Moscompass
Manufacturer	‎Moscompass
Grip Type	‎For right hand Plate R

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Date First Available	February 14, 2017

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